Both C and C++ provide the following alternative representations for some operators and punctuators. The alternative representations are also known as digraphs.
| Operator or punctuator | Alternative representation |
|---|---|
| { | <% |
| } | %> |
| [ | <: |
| ] | :> |
| # | %: |
| ## | %:%: |
In addition to the operators and punctuators listed above, C++ and C at the C99 language level provide the following alternative representations. In C, they are defined as macros in the header file iso646.h.
| Operator or punctuator | Alternative representation |
|---|---|
| && | and |
| | | bitor |
| || | or |
| ^ | xor |
| ~ | compl |
| & | bitand |
| &= | and_eq |
| |= | or_eq |
| ^= | xor_eq |
| ! | not |
| != | not_eq |
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