Types of SQL statements
There are several basic types of SQL statements. They are listed here according to their functions.
- SQL schema statements, also known as data definition language (DDL) statements
- SQL data and data change statements, also known as data manipulation language (DML) statements
- Dynamic SQL statements
- Embedded SQL host language statements
| SQL schema statements | SQL data statements |
|---|---|
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER MASK ALTER PERMISSION ALTER PROCEDURE ALTER SEQUENCE ALTER TABLE ALTER TRIGGER COMMENT ON CREATE ALIAS CREATE FUNCTION CREATE INDEX CREATE MASK CREATE PERMISSION CREATE PROCEDURE CREATE SCHEMA CREATE SEQUENCE CREATE TABLE CREATE TRIGGER CREATE TYPE CREATE VARIABLE CREATE VIEW DROP GRANT LABEL ON RENAME REVOKE TRANSFER OWNERSHIP |
ALLOCATE CURSOR
ASSOCIATE LOCATORS CLOSE DECLARE CURSOR DELETE FETCH FREE LOCATOR HOLD LOCATOR INSERT LOCK TABLE OPEN REFRESH TABLE SELECT INTO SET variable UPDATE VALUES INTO |
| SQL data change statements | SQL connection statements |
|---|---|
DELETE
INSERT MERGE TRUNCATE UPDATE |
CONNECT
DISCONNECT RELEASE SET CONNECTION |
| SQL transaction statements | SQL session statements |
|---|---|
COMMIT
RELEASE SAVEPOINT ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT SET TRANSACTION |
DECLARE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE
SET CURRENT DECFLOAT ROUNDING MODE SET CURRENT DEGREE SET CURRENT IMPLICIT XMLPARSE OPTION SET ENCRYPTION PASSWORD SET PATH SET SCHEMA SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION |
| Dynamic SQL statements | Embedded SQL host language statements |
|---|---|
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
compound (dynamic) DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR DESCRIBE DESCRIBE CURSOR DESCRIBE INPUT DESCRIBE PROCEDURE DESCRIBE TABLE EXECUTE EXECUTE IMMEDIATE GET DESCRIPTOR PREPARE SET DESCRIPTOR |
BEGIN DECLARE SECTION
DECLARE PROCEDURE DECLARE STATEMENT DECLARE VARIABLE END DECLARE SECTION GET DIAGNOSTICS INCLUDE SET OPTION SET RESULT SETS SIGNAL WHENEVER |
| SQL control statements | |
|---|---|
CALL
|
SQL statements can operate on objects that are created by SQL as well as externally described physical files and single-format logical files. They do not refer to the interactive data definition utility (IDDU) dictionary definition for program-described files. Program-described files appear as a table with only a single column.