C

Return to IBM i glossary.

C2: A level of security defined in the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) published by the United States Government. To meet C2 requirements, a system must perform discretionary access control, authentication and verification, object reuse protection, and auditing of security-relevant events.
CA: See certificate authority.
cable path: A series of cables connected in sequence.
cable-through: Pertaining to a function or feature of a display station that allows multiple work stations to be attached to one cable path.
CA certificate: See certificate authority certificate.
cache: To place, hide, or store frequently used information locally for quick retrieval.
cache line: A record that contains relevant information about the user data that is currently in the subsystem cache memory. Examples of this information include the current state of the data and the intended location of the data on one or more disks.
cache timeout: The length of time that is allowed to pass before the cache is updated.
CA key: See command attention key. See also command function key.
calculation specification: In RPG, a specification on which the programmer describes the processing to be done by the program.
calibration: In capacity planning, the process of refining a model so that it represents the system the user is modeling. The predicted and measured values should match as closely as possible, with no more than a 10% difference for resource utilization, and no more than a 20% difference for response times.
call: To start a program or procedure, usually by specifying the entry conditions and transferring control to an entry point.; A physical or logical connection between one or more parties in a telephone call.
callable interface (CI): In query management, the Common Programming Interface (CPI) that includes the definitions of the control blocks and constants used for the interface.; The name of the interface program, the definition of the arguments passed to the interface program, and the definition of the data structures passed to the interface program.
callable service: A program service provided through a programming interface. See also action service.
call control: That set of telephony functions that includes call establishment, call transfer, and call disconnection (the program control of a telephone call).
call detail record (CDR): In telephony, a unit of information containing data about a completed call, such as the time the call began, its duration and date, the originating extension, and the number called.
called number: See dialed number identification service.
called program: A program that is the object of a CALL statement combined at run time with the calling program to produce a run unit.
caller: The requester of a service.
calling program: A program that calls another program.
call level: The position of an entry (program or procedure) in the call stack. The first entry has a call level of 1. Any entry called by a level 1 entry has a call level of 2, and so on.
call level number: A unique number assigned by the system to each call stack entry.
call message queue: A message queue that exists for each call stack entry within a job.
call profile: In telephony, a set of characteristics that may be used when establishing or manipulating a program-controlled telephone call.
call stack: A list of data elements that is constructed and maintained by the Java™ virtual machine (JVM) for a program to successfully call and return from a method.; The ordered list of all programs or procedures currently started for a job. The programs and procedures can be started explicitly with the CALL instruction, or implicitly from some other event.
call stack entry: A program or procedure in the call stack.
call user data (CUD): User-specified data that can be placed in an X.25 call request packet to be sent to the adjacent node.
cancellation cleanup handler: A function that you can specify to perform an action, such as releasing resources, that occurs after the thread returns from the start routine and calls pthread_exit() or after a cancellation request is performed on the thread.
cancellation point: A function that causes a pending cancellation request to be delivered if the cancellation state is enabled and the cancellation type is deferred.
cancellation state: One of two values, which are either enabled or disabled, that describe whether cancellation requests in the current thread are acted on or held in a pending state. If the value is enabled, the cancellation request is acted on immediately and is based on the current cancellation type. If the value is disabled, the cancellation request is held in a pending state until it is enabled.
cancellation type: One of two values (deferred or asynchronous) that describe how cancellation requests in the current thread are acted on when the cancellation state is enabled. If the value is deferred, the cancellation request is held pending. If the value is asynchronous, the cancel request is acted on immediately, thus ending the thread with a status of PTHREAD_CANCELED.
capability data: In OSI, a confirmed data transfer service provided by the session layer to transfer a limited amount of data outside of an activity. Capability data can be used by two peers to exchange information about their capability to start an activity.
capacitor: An electronic part that permits storage of electricity.
capacity on demand (CoD): The ability of a computing system to increase or decrease its performance capacity as needed to meet fluctuations in demand.
capacity planner: A function that uses information about the system, such as a description of the system's workload, performance objectives, and configuration, to determine how the data processing needs of the system can best be met. The capacity planner then recommends, through the use of printed reports and graphs, ways to enhance performance, such as hardware upgrades, performance tuning, or system configuration changes.
capacity planning: The process of determining the hardware and software configuration required to accommodate the anticipated workload on a system.
card: An electronic circuit board that is plugged into a slot in a system to give it added capabilities.
card enclosure: The area in the system that contains the logic cards.
card type: A 4-digit identifier printed on the logic card.
carriage control character: A character that is used to specify a write, space, or skip operation. See also control character.
carrier: A continuous frequency (a pulse train, or an electric or electromagnetic wave) that may be varied by a signal bearing information to be transmitted over a communication system.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD): A media access method that monitors another station's transmissions. If the data station detects another signal during transmission, it stops transmitting, sends a jam signal, then waits for a variable time before trying again.
cascade delete: A process by which the DB2® database manager enforces referential constraints by deleting all descendent rows of a deleted parent row.
cascaded initiator: An intermediate node in a transaction program network that uses the two-phase commit protocol.
cascaded menu: A menu that appears from, and contains choices related to, a cascading choice in another menu.
cascading choice: A choice on a menu that, when selected, presents another menu with additional related choices.
cast: In programming languages, an expression that converts the value of its operand to a specified type.
catalog view: One of a set of views automatically created when a database is created. Catalog views contain information about the database and the objects in that database. Examples of information about the database are definitions of database objects and information about the authority that users have on these objects.
catch-up: In a remote journal network, the process of replicating journal entries that existed in the journal receivers of the source journal before the remote journal was activated.
CBC: See cipher block chaining.
CBJ: See Class Broker for Java.
CBX: See computerized branch exchange.
CCA: See Common Cryptographic Architecture.
CCB: See command control block.
CCF: See Common Connector Framework.
CCS: See Common Communications Support.
CCSID: See coded character set identifier. See also binary string.
CCSID 65534: See coded character set identifier 65534.
CCSID 65535: See coded character set identifier 65535.
CD: See compact disc.
CDR: See call detail record.
CD-R: See compact disc - recordable.
CDRA: See Character Data Representation Architecture.
CD-ROM: See compact-disc read-only memory.
Celsius: Pertaining to a thermometric scale at which water boils at 100 degrees and freezes at 0 degrees in standard atmospheric pressure.
centralized directory service: In OSI, a method of organizing directory services so that one node provides directory service for other nodes. OSI Communications Subsystem supports only centralized directory service.
centralized processing: In CICS®, processing in which the application is processed on a central processor, which users access using a terminal.
central office (CO): A telephone switching system that connects customer-premise business and subscriber lines to other customer lines or trunks, both locally or remotely. A central office is located on the edge of the telephone service provider's network, rather than on a customer's premises.
central processing unit (CPU): The part of a computer that includes the circuits that control the interpretation and running of instructions.
central site: In a network of systems, the system licensed to receive program temporary fixes (PTFs) and distribution media from IBM®. This system is also used to provide problem handling support to other systems in a network. In a distributed data processing network, the central site is usually defined as the focal point in a communications network for alerts, application design, and remote system management tasks such as problem management.
central system: A single system that handles all of the communications to an endpoint system.
certificate: In computer security, a digital document that binds a public key to the identity of the certificate owner, thereby enabling the certificate owner to be authenticated. A certificate is issued by a certificate authority and is digitally signed by that authority.
certificate authority (CA): A trusted third-party organization or company that issues the digital certificates used to create digital signatures and public-private key pairs. The certificate authority verifies the identity of the individuals who are granted the unique certificate.
certificate authority certificate (CA certificate): In computer security, a digital document that identifies an organization that issues certificates.
CFIOP: See combined function IOP. See also multifunction IOP.
CF key: See command function key. See also command attention key.
CGI: See Common Gateway Interface.
CGI program: See CGI script.
CGI script: A computer program that runs on a Web server and uses the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) to perform tasks that are not usually done by a Web server (for example, database access and form processing).
CGU: See character generator utility.
chain: A group of logically linked records that are transferred over a communications line.; In DFU, a way to change from one display format to another after the user signals that the first display format was completed.; In RPG, an operation code that reads input records identified by specified relative record numbers or keys.
chaining: A method of storing records in which each record belongs to a list or group of records and has a linking field for tracing the chain.
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP): An authentication protocol that protects against eavesdropping by encrypting the user name and password. See also Password Authentication Protocol.
change authority: An object authority that allows a user to perform all operations on the object except those limited to the owner or controlled by object existence authority, object management authority, object alter authority, and object reference authority. The user can add, change, and delete entries in an object, or read the contents of an entry in the object. Change authority combines object operational authority and all the data authorities.
change bar: A character used in the left margin to indicate that a document line is changed.
change control server: A system that controls and tracks the distribution of software and data files to other workstations.
change-direction protocol: In SNA, a data flow control protocol in which the sending logical unit (LU) stops sending normal-flow requests, signals this fact to the receiving LU using the change-direction indicator (in the request header of the last request of the last chain), and prepares to receive requests.
changed subfile record: A subfile record into which the work station user has entered data, or a subfile record for which a write or change operation was issued with the DDS keyword SFLNXTCHG or DSPATR(MDT) in effect.
change log: For directory shadowing, a record of changes made to directory entries, departments, and locations for the purpose of sending only the updates and not the entire directory to collecting systems.
change management: The process of planning (for example, scheduling) and controlling (for example, distributing, installing, and tracking) software changes over a network.
change request (CRQ): In System Manager, an instance of a change request description that has been submitted to run or is running. A change request is uniquely identified by the change request name and a sequence number.
change request description (CRQD): An IBM i object that describes a change to be made to the computing environment. The object, which is maintained only at the central site system or systems, consists of a list of activities that describe the steps needed to make the change.
channel code: A number from 1 to 12 that identifies a position in a forms-control buffer or a page definition.
channel service unit (CSU): An American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) unit that is part of the AT&T nonswitched digital data system.
CHAP: See Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol. See also Password Authentication Protocol.
character: Any symbol that can be entered on a keyboard, printed, or displayed. For example, letters, numbers, and punctuation marks are all characters.
character array: A named list or table of character data.
character cell: In the GDDM function, the imaginary box whose boundaries govern the size, orientation, and spacing of individual characters to be displayed on a work station.
character code: In System i® Access, an ASCII or EBCDIC value assigned to the symbols or functions that are used by a computer.
character constant: The actual character value (a symbol, quantity, or constant) in a source program that is itself data, instead of reference to a field that contains the data. See also numeric constant.; In the C language, a character or an escape sequence enclosed in quotation marks.
character conversion: The process of changing data from one character coding representation to another.
Character Data Representation Architecture (CDRA): An IBM architecture that defines a set of identifiers, resources, services, and conventions to achieve consistent representation, processing, and interchange of graphic character data in heterogeneous environments.
character data representation identifier: A tag that is used to achieve data integrity. The Character Data Representation Architecture specifies that you should tag all character data as it flows through the system. You can tag using a short-form or a long-form identifier. A coded character set identifier (CCSID) is an example of a character data representation identifier.
character expression: A character constant, a simple character variable, an element of a character array, a character-valued function reference, a substring reference, or a sequence of the above separated by the concatenation operator and parentheses.
character field: An area that is reserved for information that can contain any of the characters in the character set. See also numeric field.
character format: In REXX, a format that is used in the REXX conversion functions to indicate that data is in a textual form as opposed to machine-readable form.
character generator utility (CGU): A function of the Application Development ToolSet feature that is used to define and maintain user-defined double-byte characters and related sort information.
character grid: In Business Graphics Utility, an invisible network of uniformly spaced horizontal and vertical lines covering the chart area. Used by the Business Graphics Utility to determine the physical dimensions of the chart and the placement of the data on it.
character grid unit: In Business Graphics Utility, the distance between two adjacent horizontal or vertical lines on a character grid.
character ID: See character identifier.
character identifier (character ID): The standard identifier for a character, regardless of its style. For example, all uppercase A's have the same character identifier.; On a system, a 4-byte binary value. The value is a concatenation of the graphic character set global identifier followed by the code page global identifier. For example, the character identifier for German (feature 2929) is 00697 00273.
character key: A keyboard key that allows the user to type into the system the character shown on the key.
character large object (CLOB): A character string that contains single-byte characters with an associated code page.
character operator: A symbol representing an operation to be performed on character data, such as concatenation (joining the data or fields) in the control language (CL).
character printer: A device that prints a single character at a time. See also line printer.
character set: A defined set of characters with no coded representation assumed that can be recognized by a configured hardware or software system. A character set may be defined by alphabet, language, script, or any combination of these items.
character set identifier 65534: The character set identifier (CCSID) that is used to show that a CCSID value for data at this level of processing is not relevant. When CCSID 65534 (FFFE ) is associated with data, a CCSID value for the data should be obtained from the tagged fields of elements that are at a lower level in the defined hierarchy. For example, a file has CCSIDs tagged for each individual field it contains. If the file is tagged with CCSID 65534, processing is based on the CCSIDs assigned to each individual field instead of the CCSID assigned to the file.
character set identifier 65535: The character set identifier (CCSID) that is used to show that data associated with the CCSID should not be processed as coded-graphic-character data.
characters per inch (cpi): The number of characters printed horizontally within an inch across a page.
character string: A sequence of consecutive characters that are treated as a unit.
character variable: In the C language, a data object whose value can be changed while a program is running and whose data type is a signed or unsigned character.; Character data whose value is assigned or changed while the program is running.
chart: A picture defined in terms of graphics primitives and graphics attributes.
chart area: In the GDDM function, the part of the picture space in which a business chart is to be drawn.
chart format: In Business Graphics Utility, an object containing chart characteristics, such as the chart type, chart heading, legend position, and so on. The chart format does not include the data values to be plotted. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *CHTFMT.
chart layout: In Business Graphics Utility, the arrangement of the various parts in the chart area and surrounding margins.
CHASE: In SNA, a command used by the host system to determine when the secondary logical unit has finished processing all previously sent response units.
check box: A square box with associated text that represents a choice. When a user selects the choice, the check box is filled to indicate that the choice is selected. The user can clear the check box by selecting the choice again, thereby deselecting the choice.
check constraint: A user-defined constraint that specifies the values that specific columns of a base table can contain.
check digit: The far right number of a self-check field used to verify the accuracy of the field.
check pending: A state that occurs when data for a constraint cannot be verified as valid. A constraint could be either a referential constraint or a check constraint.
checkpoint: A place in a program at which a check is made, or at which a recording of data is made to allow the program to be restarted in case of interruption.
checkpoint size: In OSI X.400, the maximum amount of data (in units of 1024 bytes) that can be sent between two minor synchronization points. The checkpoint size is used by the X.400 reliable transfer server.
checksum: The sum of a group of data that is associated with a group of data and that is used for error detection.
checksum protection: A function that protects data stored in an auxiliary storage pool from being lost because of the failure of a single disk. When checksum protection is in effect and a disk failure occurs, the system automatically reconstructs the data when the system program is loaded after the device is repaired. See also device parity protection, mirrored protection.; In TCP/IP, the sum of a group of data associated with the group and used for error checking purposes.
checksum set: Units of auxiliary storage defined in groups to provide a way for the system to recover data if a disk failure occurs when checksum protection is in effect.
child class: A class that inherits instance methods, attributes, and instance variables directly from the parent class (also known as the base class or superclass), or indirectly from an ancestor class.
child process: A process that is created by a parent process and that shares the resources of the parent process to carry out a request.
child window: A window that appears within the border of its parent window (either a primary window or another child window). When the parent window is resized, moved, or destroyed, the child window also is resized, moved, or destroyed. However, the child window can be moved or resized independently from the parent window, within the boundaries of the parent window.
CI: See callable interface.
CICS: An IBM licensed program that provides online transaction-processing services and management for business applications.
CICS group: An IBM i library containing the CICS resource definition for CICS tables.
CICS-value data area (CVDA): CICS-supplied values to certain data options on EXEC CICS commands.
CIDR: See Classless Inter-Domain Routing.
CIM: See Common Information Model.
C interface: The interface that is defined at a level that depends on the variant of C standardized by ANSI.
CIP: See commit in progress.
cipher: A cryptographic algorithm used to encrypt data that is unreadable until converted into plain data with a predefined key.
cipher block chaining (CBC): In Cryptographic Support, a method of reducing repetitive patterns in ciphertext by performing an exclusive-OR operation on each 8-byte block of data with the previously encrypted 8-byte block before it is encrypted.
ciphertext: Data that has been encrypted. Ciphertext is unreadable until it has been converted into plaintext (decrypted) with a key.
circuit breaker: A switch that automatically interrupts an electric circuit because of an abnormal condition.
CISC: See complex instruction set computer. See also reduced instruction set computer.
CL: See control language.
C language: A language used to develop application programs in compact, efficient code that can be run on different types of computers with minimal change.
class: In object-oriented design or programming, a model or template that can be used to create objects with a common definition and common properties, operations, and behavior. An object is an instance of a class.; An object that contains specifications, such as priority, maximum processing time, and maximum storage, to control the run-time environment of a job. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *CLS.
class 0: See transport class 0.
class 2: See transport class 2.
class 4: See transport class 4.
class attribute: A value in a class object that controls the processing of routing steps in a job. These values include the run priority, time slice, eligibility for purge, default wait time, maximum processing unit time, and maximum temporary storage parameters.
class binding signature: A hexadecimal value that contains the class signature (obtained from the signature bank) and the inheritance level. The class binding signature is added to the Interface Definition Language (IDL) source file by the signature emitter.
Class Broker for Java (CBJ): A Java tool that allows Java applications to run on a host system that does not have a graphical user interface (GUI). Because the IBM Developer Kit for Java Remote Abstract Window Toolkit is not recommended for complex graphics or highly interactive operations, CBJ for high-performance GUI services can be used.
class condition: In COBOL, a condition that specifies the character content of a data item as all alphabetic or all numeric.
class file: A compiled Java source file.
classifier: In QoS, a control function that selects packets according to the content within the packet headers.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): A method for adding class C Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. The addresses are given to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for use by their customers. CIDR addresses reduce the size of routing tables and make more IP addresses available within organizations.
class loader: Part of the Java virtual machine (JVM) that is responsible for finding and loading class files. A class loader affects the packaging of applications and the runtime behavior of packaged applications deployed on application servers.
class mask: A network mask that is derived solely on the basis of the network class of an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
class method: In Java, a method that is called without referring to a particular object. Class methods affect the class as a whole, not a particular instance of the class. See also instance method.; A method that creates class instances.
class-name: In COBOL, a user-defined word defined in the SPECIAL-NAMES paragraph of the Environment Division that assigns a name to the proposition, for which a truth value can be defined, to verify that the content of a data item consists exclusively of those characters listed in the definition of the class-name.
class object: An object that identifies the run attributes of a job. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *CLS.
class of service: A set of link and node characteristics, associated with a session or a set of sessions, that determine the route that is selected for the sessions through an APPN network.
class-of-service description: A system object created for Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) support that provides the information required to assign relative priority to the transmission groups and intermediate routing nodes for an APPN session. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *COSD.
CLASSPATH: In the execution environment, a variable that specifies the directories in which to look for class and resource files. See also class path.
class path: A list of directories and JAR files that contain resource files or Java classes that a program can load dynamically at run time. See also CLASSPATH.
class signature: A hexadecimal value obtained from a server and placed in a signature bank on the workstation. The signature bank uniquely identifies an Interface Definition Language (IDL) interface. Class signatures are added to the IDL source file by the signature emitter.
clause: The fundamental grouping of REXX syntax. A clause is composed of zero or more blanks, a sequence of tokens, zero or more blanks, and the semicolon delimiter.; In SQL, a distinct part of a statement in the language structure, such as a SELECT clause or a WHERE clause.; A set of consecutive character strings that specify a characteristic of an entry. There are three types of clauses: data, environment, and file.
cleanup interval: The length of time to wait before removing obsolete data.
click: To press and release a mouse button without moving the pointer off the choice.
client: A software program or computer that requests services from a server. See also server, host.
client/server: Pertaining to the model of interaction in distributed data processing in which a program on one computer sends a request to a program on another computer and awaits a response. The requesting program is called a client; the answering program is called a server. See also distributed application.
clipboard: An area of computer memory, or storage, that temporarily holds data. Data in the clipboard is available to other applications.
clipping: In the GDDM function, the process of cutting off the image at the border of the display but allowing the coordinates of the lines to extend beyond.
CLNP: See connectionless-mode network protocol.
CLNS: See connectionless-mode network service.
CLNS path: In OSI, a path used when the connectionless-mode network service is used. Each CLNS path names data terminal equipment (DTE) to be used for outbound communication.
CLNS path maintenance: In OSI, an option of whether or not to maintain a CLNS path to an adjacent node permanently (until OSI Communications Subsystem is restarted), or release the path when no active CLNS connection uses it. These connections include both network management and directory service connections and connections between customer programs.
CLNS path set: In OSI, a path set used when the connectionless-mode network service is used.
CLOB: See character large object.
clocking: In communications, a method of controlling the number of data bits sent on a communications line in a specified time.
close: To end processing by ending the connection between the file and a program.
closed user group (CUG): In data communication, a group of users who can communicate with other users in the group, but not with users outside the group. A data terminal equipment (DTE) may belong to more than one closed user group.
closure line: In the GDDM function, a line added by the system to enclose an area being filled with a pattern, in instances when the routines that precede the GSENDA routine fail to form an enclosed area.
CL program: See control language program.
cluster: A collection of complete systems that work together to provide a single, unified computing capability.; In SNA, a group of stations that consist of a controller (cluster controller) and the workstations attached to it.
Cluster feature: A feature that provides four cable connections and allows up to four work stations to be attached to a 5251 Model 12 Display Station.
clustering: The ability to group independent systems to work together as a single system.
cluster joining: The process whereby additional nodes join an existing cluster when they can communicate with another active clustered node and can validate the node name and version compatibility.
cluster membership list: A set of cluster nodes that have been configured for a cluster.
cluster node: A system that is a member of a cluster. See also system.
ClusterProven: An IBM designation that defines certain high-availability requirements that are applied to a software product either by itself or in combination with other software products. A solution that satisfies the technical criteria of these requirements can be validated with IBM and licensed to be marketed with IBM's ClusterProven trademark.
cluster resource: Any part of the system that is available across multiple cluster nodes. The two types of system resources that can be resilient are the following: Objects that are kept up to date by using replication. A resilient application and its associated IP address, which can be switched.
cluster resource group (CRG): A collection of related cluster resources that defines actions to be taken during a switchover or failover operation of the access point of resilient resources. The group describes a recovery domain and supplies the name of the cluster resource group exit program that manages the movement of an access point.
cluster resource group manager (CRGM): A highly available client application that uses the integrated cluster resource services to configure, define, monitor, and administer a cluster of systems.
cluster resource service: An IBM i system service function that supports cluster implementations.
cluster service: A Windows (TM) service that manages the cluster specific activities and is installed on each node of the cluster. The components of the Cluster service provide high availability, easy management and enhanced scalability for Windows.
CL variable: See control language variable.
CMC: See Common Messaging Call.
CMIP: See Common Management Information Protocol.
CMIS: See common management information service.
CMP: See container-managed persistence.
CMS: See Conversational Monitor System.
CO: See central office.
coaxial cable: A cable consisting of one conductor, usually a small copper wire, within and insulated from another conductor of larger diameter, usually copper tubing or copper braid.
COBOL: See Common Business Oriented Language.
COBOL character: Any of the 51 characters of the COBOL character set.
COBOL word: In COBOL, a character string of not more than 30 characters that forms a user-defined word, a system-name, or a reserved word.
CoD: See capacity on demand.
codebase: Works together with the code attribute in the APPLET tag to give a complete specification of where to find the main applet class file: code specifies the name of the file, and codebase specifies the URL of the directory containing the file.(Sun)
codec: A technology that compresses and decompresses data for the purpose of reducing the bandwidth required to send streaming data.
coded character set identifier (CCSID): A 16-bit number that includes a specific set of encoding scheme identifiers, character set identifiers, code page identifiers, and other information that uniquely identifies the coded graphic-character representation. See also binary string.
coded character set identifier 65534 (CCSID 65534): The coded character set identifier (CCSID) that is used to show that a CCSID value for data at this level of processing is not relevant. When CCSID 65534 (X'FFFE') is associated with data, a CCSID value for the data should be obtained from the tagged fields of elements that are at a lower level in the defined hierarchy. For example, a file has CCSIDs that are tagged for each individual field it contains. If the field is tagged with CCSID 65534, processing is based on the CCSIDs assigned to each individual field instead of the CCSID assigned to the file.
coded character set identifier 65535 (CCSID 65535): An identifier that is used to show that the associated data should not be processed as coded-graphic-character data. CCSID 65535 (FFFF ) cannot be represented in long form. Data that is associated with CCSID 65535 should be interpreted as actual representation is unknown as defined in Character Data Representation Architecture-Level 2, IBM Registry™. You cannot convert data that is associated with CCSID 65535 from one CCSID to another. The coded character set identifier (CCSID) that is used to show that data associated with the CCSID should not be processed as coded-graphic-character data.
coded font: In AFP support, a font file that associates a code page and a font character set. For double-byte fonts, a coded font associates multiple pairs of code pages and font character sets.
coded graphic character-set ID: A 10-digit identifier (two 5-digit identifiers separated by a space) that is the combination of a graphic character-set ID and a code-page ID. See also code-page ID.
code load: In System Manager, the type of product load that contains all of the product code that does not require translation to other languages, such as the code for displays, menus, and messages. However, if a product is never going to be translated, the code may contain all the product code.
code page: A particular assignment of code points to graphic characters. Within a given code page, a code point can have only one specific meaning. A code page also identifies how undefined code points are handled. See also code point.
code page global identifier (CPGID): A 5-digit decimal or 2-byte binary identifier that is assigned to a code page. The range of values is 00001 to 65534 (X'0001' to X'FFFE').
code-page ID: A 5-digit registered identifier used to specify a particular assignment of code points to graphic characters. The code-page ID is the second part of the QCHRID system value or the CHRID parameter value. See also coded graphic character-set ID.
code point: For SNA alerts, a 1-or 2-byte hexadecimal code that designates a particular piece of text to be displayed at the focal point.; A unique bit pattern that represents a character in a code page. See also code page.; In QoS, pertaining to a specific value in the Differentiated Services field of a data packet that signals to a network the behavior that is assigned to that packet.
coexistence: The ability of two or more entities to function in the same system or network.
coherency check: Verification that the current state of an object satisfies the programmer-defined invariant properties of its class.
coherent: Pertaining to an object in which all data values satisfy the invariant properties. If any invariant property is not satisfied, the object is not coherent.
cold start: A method of starting CICS where all local resources are refreshed, but information relating to remote systems and resource managers is preserved.
collate: To combine and arrange in order.
collating sequence: The sequence in which the characters are ordered for the purpose of sorting, merging, comparing, and processing indexed data sequentially.
collator: A device that combines and arranges pages in order.
collection: Data obtained by a collector that represents the system status at a given point in time. Collections are timestamped and stored in a management collection object. See also schema.
Collection Services: A System i Navigator tool that collects performance data independent of the system monitors in System i Navigator. This function is intended for subsequent analysis by performance personnel either by writing queries against the collected data or by reviewing reports produced by the Performance Tools for IBM i licensed program.
collector: A generic name for a program that at regular intervals collects data about the status of the system.
collector system: For directory shadowing, a system that receives initial or changed Enterprise Address Book (EAB) data from a supplier system in a network. See also supplier system.
collision: An unwanted condition that results from concurrent transmissions on a channel, causing the transmissions to be unintelligible.
collision detect: In Performance Tools, a counter that counts the total number of times the terminal equipment (TE) detected that the frames it transmitted were damaged by another TE trying to use the same bus.
color: In computer systems, a color is usually represented by a triplet called RGB (red, green, and blue) signals. Most computer monitors require RGB signals to drive the 3-colored phosphors of a color monitor.
color palette: A set of colors that can be displayed on the display at one time. This can be standard set used for all images or a set that can be customized for each image.; In Business Graphics Utility, the range of colors defined by hue, lightness, and saturation to be used when a chart is displayed on a graphics-capable display.
column: In a relational database, a field defined for a given record or row.; The vertical component of a database table. A column has a name and a particular data type (for example, character, decimal, or integer).; A character position within a print line or on a display. The positions are numbered consecutively from 1, starting at the leftmost character position and extending to the rightmost position.
column separator: A symbol on each side of a position of a field on a display. This symbol does not occupy a position on the display.
combination box: A control that combines the capabilities of an entry field and a list box. The list box contains choices that a user can select from to complete the entry field.
combined alert: In the NetView® program, an alert that includes both a nongeneric alert and a generic alert in one network management vector transport.
combined condition: In COBOL, a condition that is the result of connecting two or more conditions with the AND or the OR logical operator.
combined file: In RPG, a data file that is used as both an input file and an output file. The fields are not necessarily the same in the input and output records.
combined function IOP (CFIOP): A type of IOP that can connect to a variety of different input/output adapters to support disk units, a console, and communications hardware. It contains some multifunction IOP (MFIOP) capabilities as well as Ethernet and token-ring controllers. This processor does not contain server processor functions. See also multifunction IOP.
combined station: In high-level data link control (HDLC), the part of a data station that supports the combined control functions of the data link, generates commands and responses for transmission, and interprets received commands and responses.
comma: In REXX, a token that represents the continuation character, a separator of arguments in an argument list, or a separator in a parsing template.
command: In SNA, any field set in the transmission header (TH), request header (RH), or request unit (RU) that states an action or that starts a protocol.; In SDLC, a frame transmitted by a primary station. Asynchronous balanced mode stations send both commands and responses. See also response.; A statement used to initiate an action or start a service. A command consists of the command name abbreviation, and its parameters and flags if applicable.
command attention key (CA key): In DDS, a keyboard key that can be specified with the CA keyword to request the function specified by the keyword. Data is not returned to the system. See also command function key.
command control block (CCB): In the IBM Token-Ring Network, a specifically formatted block of information provided from the application program to the adapter support software to request an operation.
command definition: An object that contains the definition of a command (including the command name, parameter descriptions, and validity-checking information) and identifies the program that performs the function requested by the command. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *CMD.
command definition statement: A source statement that defines keywords and parameter values, qualified names, elements in a list, parameter requirements and interrelationships, and prompt text for a command. Command definition statements are used to create a CL command.
command file: In RJE, a remote job input stream that can contain host system commands and job control language (JCL), data, and RJE control statements (READFILE or EOF). See also data file.; In PC operating systems, a file with a file name extension of .CMD that functions like a batch file in DOS.
command function key (CF key): In DDS, a keyboard key that can be specified with the CF keyword to request the function specified by the keyword. Data is returned to the system. See also command attention key.
command key indicator: In RPG, an indicator defined to correspond with the function keys to tell the program when one of the function keys is pressed.
command length: In query management, one of the arguments passed to the language-specific interface programs that specifies the length of the query command to be run.
command-level: Pertaining to an operation that is performed for a specific command in a program. For example, a Monitor Message (MONMSG) command that immediately follows a specific command in a CL program is a command-level MONMSG command. See also program level.
command line: The blank line on a display where commands, option numbers, or selections can be entered.
command name: The first term in a command, a verb, which specifies the action to be performed and is usually followed by operands.
command processing program (CPP): A program that processes a command. This program performs some validity checking and processes the command so that the requested function is performed.
command prompt: A displayed character (or string of characters) that indicates that a user may enter a command to be processed.
command string: In query management, a character string that contains a query command.
COMMAREA: See communication area.
comment: Explanatory text in a program or file that is not translated by the compiler.
comment-entry: In COBOL, an entry in the Identification Division of the source program that may be any combination of characters from the character set of the computer. The comment-entry is written in area B on one or more lines. Comment-entries serve only as documentation and are not translated by the compiler.
comment line: In COBOL, a source program line represented by an asterisk (*) in the indicator area of the line and any characters from the computer's character set in area A and area B of that line. The comment line serves only for documentation in a program.
commercial processing workload (CPW): An application that is run on System i models and processors to determine processor performance. The CPW workload is representative of commercial applications, particularly those that do significant database processing in conjunction with journaling and commitment control.
commit: To end a unit of work by releasing locks so that the database changes made by that unit of work can be perceived by other processes. This operation makes the data changes permanent. See also atomic.
commit cycle: The sequence of changes made between commitment boundaries.
commit cycle identifier: The journal sequence number associated with the start commitment operation that is used to identify the journal entries in a particular commit cycle.
commit identifier: The information that associates the commit operation with a specific set of committable resource changes. The commit ID is placed in the notify object if a system or routing step failure occurs, or if uncommitted changes exist when a routing step ends normally. The commit ID contains information (supplied on the commit statement) about the last successful transaction (group of changes that appear as a single change); for example, the transfer of funds from savings to a checking account.
commit in progress (CIP): The commit in progress logical unit of work (LUW) state indicates that all the resources associated with this logical unit of work have been prepared after a unanimous vote to commit. The protected resource managers are in the process of committing.
commitment boundary: In a commitment controlled environment, any time there are no outstanding changes for a committable resource existing within a job.
commitment control: A means of grouping committable resource operations to allow either the processing of a group of committable resource changes as a single unit through the Commit command, or the removing of a group of committable resource changes as a single unit through the Rollback command.
commitment definition: Information used by the system to maintain the commitment control environment throughout a routing step and, in the case of a system failure, throughout an IPL (initial program load). This information is obtained from the Start Commitment Control (STRCMTCTL) command, which establishes the commitment control environment, and the file open information in a routing step. The commitment definition has a scope either to the job or to a particular activation group within the job.
commit point: A point in time when data is considered to be consistent. See also synchronization point.
committable resource: A local or remote IBM i object that can be placed under commitment control.
committable update: An operation that results in a change to an object such that the object is under commitment control.
Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL): A high-level programming language that is used primarily for commercial data processing.
common carrier: In data communications, any government-regulated company that provides communications services to the general public. Examples are: the government-regulated telephone and telegraph companies in the United States, the General Post Office in the United Kingdom, the Bundespost in Germany, and Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Public Corporation in Japan.
Common Communications Support (CCS): The Systems Application Architecture® (SAA) component that defines architectures and protocols that interconnect systems and devices in an SAA environment and allow data to be interchanged among them.
Common Connector Framework (CCF): Interface and class definitions that provide a consistent means of interacting with enterprise resources (for example, CICS and Encina transactions) from any Java execution environment.
Common Cryptographic Architecture (CCA): IBM software that enables a consistent approach to cryptography on major IBM computing platforms. It supports application software that is written in a variety of programming languages. Application software can call on CCA services to perform a broad range of cryptographic functions, including DES and RSA encryption.
Common Gateway Interface (CGI): An Internet standard for defining scripts that pass information from a Web server to an application program, through an HTTP request, and vice versa.
Common Information Model (CIM): An implementation-neutral, object-oriented schema for describing network management information. The Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) develops and maintains CIM specifications.
common key: In COBOL, the key fields that are common to all record formats in the file starting with the first key field (the most significant) and ending with the last key field (the least significant).
Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP): In OSI, the management protocol (ISO 9596-2) that supports the common management information service.
common management information service (CMIS): In OSI, the set of services defined by ISO 9595. The common management information service is used by agent processes and managing processes to communicate.
Common Messaging Call (CMC): An application programming interface (API) defined by the X.400 API Association.
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA): An architecture and a specification for distributed object-oriented computing that separates client and server programs with a formal interface definition.
common program: In COBOL, a program that, despite being directly contained within another program, can be called from any program directly or indirectly contained in that other program.
Common Programming Interface (CPI): In Systems Application Architecture (SAA), a set of software interfaces, conventions, languages, and protocols that provide a framework for writing applications with cross-system consistency.
Common Programming Interface for Communications (CPI-C): A call-level interface that provides a consistent application programming interface (API) for applications that use program-to-program communications. CPI-C uses LU 6.2 architecture to create a set of interprogram services that can establish and end a conversation, send and receive data, exchange control information, and notify a partner program of errors.
Common User Access (CUA): The Systems Application Architecture (SAA) specification for a user interface.
common user ID: See common user identification. See also user identification.
common user identification (common user ID): In System i Access, the user identification of a System i Access user that is used by the router when establishing a communications connection with a host system if a user ID is not specified in either the CONFIG.PCS file or in an alternative configuration file. The router uses this common user ID when connecting the personal computer to each additional host system. See also user identification.
common work area (CWA): A work area that can be accessed by any transaction in the CICS system.
communication adapter: A device which allows network communication.
communication area (COMMAREA): A CICS area that is used to pass data between tasks that communicate with a given terminal. The area can also be used to pass data between programs within a task.
communication port: On a personal computer, a serial port to which a stand-alone modem can be attached.; An access point for data entry or exit to or from a communication device such as a workstation.
communications area: In query management, a control block used to communicate between the system code supporting the Common Programming Interface (CPI) and the application program using the CPI.
communications configuration: The physical placement of communications controllers, the attachment of communications lines, and so forth; and the configuration descriptions that describe the physical configuration to the system and describe how the configuration will be used by the system.
communications controller: The I/O processor card in the card enclosure.
communications data format: In RJE, the output data received from the host system is left the same as it was received (either compressed, or data cut off at the end, or both).
communications job: A batch job that is started by a program start request from a remote system.
communications line: The physical link (such as a wire or a telephone circuit) that connects one or more work stations to a communications controller, or connects one controller to another. See also data link protocol.
communications security: A system option that requires the identity of a remote location to be verified before that location can run programs on your system.
communications side information: In CPI Communications, an object that contains initialization parameters, such as the name of the partner program with which a program can establish a conversation and the name of the logical unit (LU) at the partner program's node, which CPI Communications requires to establish a conversation. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *CSI.
communications type: A method for application programs to communicate on a local system, or between a local system and a remote system using the intersystem communications function (ICF). Examples of these communications methods include (a) asynchronous communications, (b) binary synchronous communications (BSC), (c) intrasystem communications, or (d) Systems Network Architecture (SNA), such as advanced program-to-program communications (APPC) and SNA upline facility (SNUF).
Communications Utilities: The IBM licensed program that contains the VM/MVS bridge and the remote job entry function. Communications Utilities provides a method of exchanging mail or files and submitting or receiving jobs between connected systems.
community: The relationship between a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent and one or more SNMP managers. The community describes which SNMP manager requests the SNMP agent should honor.
commutative: Combining mathematical elements or having elements that combine in a way that the result is independent of the order in which they are processed. For example, such that a + b = b + a and a x b = b x a.
compact: To replace repetitive bits in a file or folder with control bits so that the file or folder takes up less space when saved.
compact disc (CD): An optical disc that stores digital data.
compact-disc read-only memory (CD-ROM): High-capacity read-only memory in the form of an optically read compact disc.
compact disc - recordable (CD-R): A device that can write data to compact disc recordable (CD-R) discs. A CD-R then can be read like CD-ROM media.
compaction: See compression.
comparison operator: In SQL, a symbol used in comparison expressions to specify a relationship between two values. Comparison operators are = (equal to), <> (not equal to), < (less than), > (greater than), <= (less than or equal to), and >= (greater than or equal to).; In REXX, an operator that compares two terms and returns the value 1 if the result of the comparison is true, or 0 if it is not true.
compatibility: The ability of a device or system to work with another device or system without modification.
compatible: Pertaining to the ability of a device or program to work with another device or program.
compilation: Translation of a source program (such as RPG or COBOL specifications) into a program in machine language. In Integrated Language Environment® (ILE) languages, compilation translates source statements into modules, which then can be bound into programs or service programs.
compilation unit: A portion of a computer program sufficiently complete to be compiled correctly.
compile: To translate all or part of a program expressed in a high-level language into a computer program expressed in an intermediate language, an assembly language, or a machine language.; In Integrated Language Environment (ILE) languages, to translate source statements into modules that then can be bound into programs or service programs.
compiled program: In the original program model (OPM), the set of machine-language instructions that is the output from the compilation of a source program. The actual processing of data is done by the machine-language program. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *PGM.
compiler: A program that translates a source program into an executable program (an object program).
compiler-directing statement: A statement that controls what the compiler does rather than what the compiled program does.; In RPG, an instruction that controls a compilation listing or causes records to be inserted. The four compiler directives are /TITLE, /EJECT, /SPACE, and /COPY.; In COBOL, a statement, beginning with a compiler-directing verb, that causes the compiler to take a specific action during compilation. The compiler-directing statements are the COPY, ENTER, REPLACE, and USE statements.
compiler listing: A printout that is produced by compiling a program or creating a file and that optionally includes, for example, a line-by-line list of the high-level language source, a cross-reference list, diagnostic information; and for programs, the description of the externally described files.
compile time: The time period during which a computer program is being compiled into an executable program.
compile-time array: In RPG, an array that is compiled with the source program and becomes a permanent part of the program. See also preruntime array, runtime array.
compile-time table: In RPG, a table that is built into the source program and that becomes a permanent part of the compiled program. See also runtime table.
complement: The value that can be added to the number to equal a given value.; In Cryptographic Support, a binary value that, in an exclusive-OR operation with a given binary value of the same length, produces a binary value of all ones.
completion code: A return code indicating how a message queue interface (MQI) call has ended.
completion message: A message that tells the operator when work is successfully ended.
complex condition: In COBOL, a condition in which one or more logical operators (AND, OR or NOT) act on one or more conditions. Complex conditions include negated simple conditions, combined conditions, and negated combined conditions. See also simple condition.
complex instruction set computer (CISC): A computer that uses the traditional processor architecture to process instructions. See also reduced instruction set computer.
complex number: A number consisting of an ordered pair of real numbers, expressible in the form a+bi, where a and b are real numbers and i squared equals minus one.
compliance type: In IBM i licensed management, the value that determines the action the product must take when the authorized usage limit is reached or exceeded. The warning compliance type indicates users are never denied access to a product. The operation action compliance type means that new users are denied access to the product once the usage limit is reached, but users that are currently using the product still have access.
component: In VisualAge® RPG, a functional grouping of classes and related files within a product.
composite bar chart: In the GDDM function, a bar chart in which multiple vertical axis values for the same horizontal axis value are stacked one on top of another. See also floating bar chart, multiple bar chart.
composite bar graph: In Performance Tools, a bar graph in which multiple vertical axis values for the same horizontal axis value are stacked one on top of another. See also floating bar graph.
composite key: An ordered set of key columns of the same table.; A key for a file or record format that is composed of more than one key field.
composite part: In VisualAge RPG, a collection of controls selected by the user on the GUI designer tool suite and then placed in the parts palette.
composite project: A container holding projects or composite projects, or both. Composite projects are used to organize the projects associated with the software application.
compound condition: In COBOL, a statement that tests two or more relational expressions. The result can be true or false.
compound symbol: In REXX, a symbol that permits the substitution of variables within its name, when referred to. A compound symbol contains at least one period and at least two other characters. It cannot start with a digit or a period, and if there is only one period in the compound symbol, it cannot be the last character. The compound symbol begins with a stem (that part of the symbol up to and including the first period). The stem is followed by the tail (the parts of the name, delimited by periods, that are constant symbols, simple symbols, or null). Compound symbols allow the construction of arrays, associative tables, lists, and so on.
compound variable: In REXX, a symbol that contains at least one period, one character before the period, and one character after the period. A compound variable cannot start with a digit or period.
compress: To reduce the size of a set of data, such as a file, in order to save space or transmission time.
compressed listing: In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a graphical representation of the listing of the program currently being debugged. See also compressed source.
compressed source: In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a graphical representation of the source of the program currently being debugged. See also compressed listing.
compression: A function that removes repetitive characters, spaces, or strings of characters from the data being processed and replaces the repetitive characters with control characters. Compression reduces the amount of storage space required for the data.
computer graphics: The use of a computer to produce visual representations of data, such as charts and multi-dimensional drawings by means of dots, lines, and curves.
computer instruction: An instruction that can be recognized by the processing unit of the computer for which it is designed. See also machine language.
computerized branch exchange (CBX): An exchange in which a central node acts as a high-speed switch to establish direct connections between pairs of attached nodes.
computer language: A language that can be used directly by a computer without intermediate processing. See also computer instruction.
computer-name: In COBOL, a system-name that identifies the computer on which the program is to be compiled or run.
concatenate: To link together.; To join two character strings.
concatenated field: Two or more fields that are combined to make one field in a logical file.
concatenation operator: In REXX, an operator used to combine two strings into one by adding the second string to the right end of the first string. The concatenation operators for REXX are a double vertical bar (which concatenates without a blank) and the blank (which concatenates with a blank).; The symbol used to join two character data items. In CL, for example, the concatenation operator is two vertical bars (||).
concurrency: The shared use of resources by multiple interactive users or application processes at the same time.
concurrent: Pertaining to the shared use of resources by multiple interactive users or application programs at the same time.
concurrent connection limit: In OSI, the maximum number of concurrent connections allowed for a given OSI Communications Subsystem node.
concurrent maintenance: Service that is performed on a hardware unit while it is operational.
condition: In REXX, a specific event, or state, that can be trapped by the REXX CALL ON or SIGNAL ON instruction.; An expression that can be evaluated to either true or false. It can be expressed in natural language text, in mathematically formal notation, or in a machine-readable language.; In the Integrated Language Environment (ILE) model, a system-independent representation of an error condition within a high-level language (HLL). For an IBM i program, each ILE condition has a corresponding exception message.
conditional expression: In COBOL, a simple condition or a complex condition specified in an IF, a PERFORM, or a SEARCH statement.; A statement that compares the relationship (such as greater than or equal) of two items.
conditional external reference: An external reference that causes automatic linking to be performed.
conditional force: A function that replaces the specified control field character before the record is sorted only if the control field in the input record contains a particular entry.
conditional loop: In REXX, a loop that allows a set of instructions to be repeated either WHILE or UNTIL a specified condition is met.
conditional phrase: In COBOL, a phrase that specifies the action to be taken on the determination of the truth value of a condition resulting from the running of a conditional statement.; In REXX, a phrase in a DO instruction, introduced by the subkeyword WHILE or UNTIL, that is used to change the iteration of a repetitive DO loop.
conditional prompting: A type of prompting that is provided by the system depending on the values selected by the user for other parameters. See also selective prompting.
conditional statement: In COBOL, a statement that controls program flow based on the result of the evaluation of a condition.
conditional variable: In COBOL, a data item, one or more values of which has a condition-name assigned to it.
conditioning: The use of indicators in a program to control when calculations or output operations are done, or in a file, the use of indicators or condition names to control when certain functions or operations are done.
conditioning indicator: In RPG, an indicator used to specify when to do calculations or which characteristics apply to a record format or field.
condition name: For display files, a name used to control the selection of DDS keywords and display locations based on the model of the display station.; The name assigned to a status of a user-defined switch.; In COBOL, a name assigned to a specific value, set of values, or range of values within the complete set of values that a conditional variable can have.
condition-name condition: In COBOL, a statement that the value of a conditional variable is one of a set (or range) of values assigned to a condition name associated with the conditional variable.
condition token: A 12-byte data structure, which is consistent across multiple Systems Application Architecture (SAA) participating systems, that allows the application programmer to associate the condition with the underlying exception message.
condition trap: In REXX, the method by which the explicit flow of processing in a REXX program can be changed. Condition traps are enabled or disabled using the ON or OFF subkeywords of the CALL and SIGNAL instructions.
condition variable: An object that allows a thread to suspend execution when it finds an untrue condition, and to resume execution when another thread makes the condition true.
conduit: A pipe for protecting electric wires or cables.
confidentiality: In computer security, assurance that sensitive information is not visible to an eavesdropper.
configuration: See topology.; The manner in which the hardware and software of a system, subsystem, or network are organized and interconnected.
configuration file: A file that specifies the characteristics of a program, system device, system, or network.; In performance, a file that contains information about a collection as well as certain system attributes.
configuration list: A list of local or remote locations, network addresses, or pass-through device descriptions used by some types of communications descriptions. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *CFGL.
configuration management: The control of information necessary to identify both physical and logical information systems and their relationship to one another.
configuration report server (CRS): A function that resides on each ring in an environment of multiple token-ring networks in which configuration is being monitored. This function receives notifications about inserting and removing stations and notifications about active monitor failures.
Configuration Section: In COBOL, a section of the Environment Division of a program, which describes the overall specifications of the source and object computers.
configure: To describe the interconnected arrangement of the devices, programs, communications, and optional features installed on a system.; To describe setting up auxiliary storage pools and checksum protection.
confirm: In OSI, a service primitive issued by a service provider to complete the procedures associated with a confirmed service.
confirmation of delivery: The automatic notification to the sender of a message, note, or document as to when action is taken on the message, note, or document. Confirmation of delivery must be requested by the sender.
confirmed service: In OSI, a service that indicates to the sender whether or not data or control information was properly received. A confirmed service involves a request, indication, response, and confirm service primitive. See also unconfirmed service.
conform: To adhere to a prevailing standard.
confounder: A bit string that is used to initialize the encryption-block chaining value so that the encrypted result is different each time a data value is encrypted.
connection: A combination of two endpoints that the virtual private network (VPN) protects and a security policy. Such a connection can exist between any combination of a host and a gateway.; In data communication, an association established between entities for conveying information.; In Open Systems Interconnection architecture, an association established by a given layer between two or more entities of the next higher layer for the purpose of data transfer.
connection factory: A set of configuration values that produces connections that enable a Java EE component to access a resource. Connection factories provide on-demand connections from an application to an enterprise information system (EIS).
connection handle: The identifier or token by which a program accesses the queue manager to which it is connected.
connectionless-mode network protocol (CLNP): The OSI protocol defined by ISO 8473. This protocol is used to provide the connectionless-mode network service (CLNS).
connectionless-mode network service (CLNS): In OSI, an unacknowledged network service that enables an entity to send a unit of data from a source service access point to one or more destination service access points without establishing a connection. The OSI protocol that provides this service in the Network Layer is defined by ISO 8473 (internet protocol, or IP).
connectionless protocol: In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a remote procedure call (RPC) transport protocol, such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP), that does not require a connection to be established prior to data transfer.
connectionless service: See also acknowledged service. See unacknowledged service.
connection list: A communications object for ISDN that provides a list of information used to determine when to accept incoming calls and what information to send with outgoing calls. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *CNNL.
connection modem: In Operations Console, a driver (cwbopaoc.inf file) that allows a console to connect to the server.
connection-mode network service: In OSI, an acknowledged network service that enables an entity to send a unit of data from a source service access point to a destination service access point by establishing, maintaining, and disconnecting a connection. The OSI protocol that provides this service in the network layer is defined by the X.25 Packet-Level Protocol defined by CCITT 1980 and 1984.
connection network: A switched network (such as a local area network, X.25, or public-switched dial network) that allows a local node to establish APPN connections to more than one undefined adjacent node.
connection-oriented network service (CONS): A type of networked data communication in which a dedicated connection between two peer entities is established before data is transferred. A connection-oriented service consists of three phases: establishment, data transfer, and release. The two networks exchange address information only while the connection is being established. See also connectionless service.
connection profile: A set of data that is used to establish a connection.
connection script: Data, such as sign-on and password information, that is exchanged between the host and remote systems when a connection is established.
connective: In COBOL, a word or a punctuation character that associates a data name, paragraph name, condition name, or text name with its qualifier; links two or more values in a series; or forms a conditional expression.
connector: In J2EE, a standard extension mechanism for containers to provide connectivity to enterprise information systems (EISs). A connector consists of a resource adapter and application development tools (Sun). See also container.; In a query management command, the TO word in the EXPORT command, the FROM word in the IMPORT command, or the AS word in the SAVE DATA command.
CONS: See connection-oriented network service. See also connectionless service.
consecutive processing: A method of processing in which the records in the file are read, written to, or deleted in the order in which they exist in a file. See also random processing, sequential processing.
console: In COBOL, a function name associated with the operator's display station.; A display station from which an operator can control and observe the system operation.
CONS path: In OSI, a path that indicates both quality-of-service values through a network QOS mode and values to indicate how splitting and multiplexing is to be accomplished. A CONS path can optionally be reserved for outbound communications to a specific DTE at an adjacent node.
CONS path set: In OSI, a path set used when the connection-mode network service is used.
constant: Data that has an unchanging, predefined value to be used in processing.; A language element that specifies an unchanging value. Constants are classified as string constants or numeric constants.
constant field: In an externally described display or printer file, an unnamed field that contains actual data that is passed to the display or printer but is unknown to the program passing it.
constant symbol: In REXX, a symbol that starts with a digit (0-9) or a period. The value of a constant symbol cannot be changed.
constraint cycle: A sequence of constraint relationships in which a descendent of a parent file becomes the parent to the original parent file.
container: In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a system object that contains and organizes source files. An IBM i library or an MVS-partitioned data set are examples of a container.
container class: In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, an object that defines the types of physical containers that are used to store and transport removable media. Container classes are distinguished by attributes such as capacity and media class.
container-managed persistence (CMP): The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's variables and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean's container. (Sun)
container management: In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, a function that assigns container classes and tracks containers by storage location for retention, reuse, and recovery.
contention state: In data communications, a type of half-duplex line or data link control in which either user may transmit any time the line or link is available. If both users attempt to transmit at the same time, the protocols or the hardware determines who goes first.
contents view: A view of an object that shows the contents of the object in list form. Container views are provided for containers, and for any object that has container behavior, for example, a device object such as a printer. Icons view and details view are examples of contents views.
contiguous item: In COBOL, an elementary or group item that is adjacent to another elementary or group item in the Data Division, contained in the same data hierarchy.
continuation character: In REXX, a character represented by a comma that lets a clause be extended to more than one line. This character is functionally replaced by a blank and cannot be used in the middle of a string or comment.; A character represented by a plus sign (+) that lets a command be extended to more than one line.
continuation handle: A value, which is passed between a high-level language program and a list application programming interface (API), used to mark the last value put in the user space.
continuation line: An additional line (or lines) required to continue the coding of a CL command or a DDS keyword and its value.; In RLU, a report line or sample line that is part of a record format or a group of sample lines excluding the first line in the record format or group of sample lines.; A line of a source statement where characters are entered when the source statement cannot be contained on the previous line or lines.; In RPG, additional lines specified on the file description specifications to provide more information about the file being defined.
continued-entry field: In DDS, a panel element that contains a field that contains a set of associated entry fields.
continuously powered main storage (CPM): The function of supplying power only to main storage (cards) for a varied amount of time (for example, one day) when utility power is lost on systems that have a system power control network (SPCN).
control: In WebSphere® MQ and VisualAge RPG, the result of selecting a part from the parts palette and placing it on the design window. An example of a control is an entry field.
control block: A storage area used by a program to hold control information.
control boundary: A call stack entry used as the point to which control is transferred when an unmonitored error occurs or a high-level language termination verb is used. A control boundary can be either of the following: a) any Integrated Language Environment (ILE) call stack entry for which the immediately preceding call stack entry is in a different activation group, or b) any ILE call stack entry for which the immediately preceding call stack entry is an original program model (OPM) program.
control break: In RPG, a change in the contents of a control field that indicates all records from a particular control group were read and a new control group is starting.
control character: A character whose occurrence in a particular context initiates, modifies, or stops a control function. See also carriage control character.
control field: In RPG, one or more fields that are compared from record to record to determine when the information in the fields changes. When the information changes, the control level indicator (L1 through L9) assigned to a control field is set on.; In Application Development ToolSet, one or more specified fields that are compared to determine the record sequence in the output file.; In AFP Utilities, an input field on the screen view that is used to move the image area up, down, left, or right.; In data communications, a field within a frame that contains the commands, responses, sequence numbers, and poll or final bit for data link control.
control function: In TELNET, the standard representation for interconnection functions. The IBM i implementation of these functions includes IP, AO, AYT, and SYNCH.
control group: In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, a group of libraries, special values, special operations, and lists that share common characteristics and are processed together due to their similar process cycles. The control groups used are backup control groups and archive control groups.
control language (CL): The set of all commands with which a user requests system functions.
control language program (CL program): A program that is created from source statements consisting entirely of control language commands.
control language variable (CL variable): A program variable that is declared in a control language program and is available only to the CL program.
controlled load service: In QoS, a level of service that supports the class of applications that are highly sensitive to overloaded networks. This service emulates a lightly loaded network in congested environments. For example, audio and videoconferencing would work well using controlled load service.
controlled repetitive loop: In REXX, a repetitive DO loop in which the repetitive phrase specifies a control variable. The variable is given an initial value before the first run of the instruction list and is then stepped (by adding the result of an optional expression) before the second and subsequent times that the instruction list is run.
controller: A device that coordinates and controls the operation of one or more input/output devices (such as workstations) and synchronizes the operation of such devices with the operation of the system as a whole.
controller card: A generic term for any of the I/O controller logic cards, such as storage device controller, work station controller, or communications controller.
controller configuration: The process of creating configuration descriptions for the local (device configuration) and remote (communications configuration) controllers that make up a data processing system.
controller description (CTLD): An object that contains a description of the characteristics of a controller that is either directly attached to the system or attached to a communications line. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *CTLD.
control-level indicator: In RPG, an indicator (L1 through L9) used to specify certain fields as control fields and to control the operations that are performed at total and detail time in the RPG program cycle.
controlling subsystem: The interactive subsystem that is automatically started first when the system is started and through which the system operator controls the system.
control menu: See system menu.
control message: In Internet communications, a message that governs the aspects of a tunnel and sessions within a tunnel.
control operator: A token that performs a control function such as the symbols ().
control panel: A panel that contains lights and switches that are used to observe status and to operate or service the system.
control point: In APPN, a component of a node that manages resources of that node and optionally provides services to other nodes in the network. Examples are a system services control point (SSCP) in a type 5 node, a physical unit control point (PUCP) in a type 4 node, a network node control point (NNCP) in a type 2.1 (T2.1) network node, and an end node control point (ENCP) in a T2.1 end node. See also physical unit.
control point server (CP-SVR): The pair of conversations that are used to transmit encapsulated SNA.
control region: The control region provides the control, scheduling, and work management mechanisms necessary to coordinate all the shared resources in CICS.
control specification: In RPG, a specification that provides information about program generation.
control statement: In programming languages, a statement that is used to interrupt the continuous sequential processing of programming statements. Conditional statements such as IF, PAUSE, and STOP are examples of control statements.; In RPG, an entry on a control specification.
control station: The controlling or primary computer on a multipoint line. The control station controls the sending and receiving of data.
convenience station: The part of the tape library that is used to load and unload small numbers of cartridges into the tape library.
conventional memory: Personal computer memory that is addressed by DOS from 0 KB to 640 KB. See also expanded memory.
converged service processor: A common card in both System i and RS/6000® systems. The primary function of a converged service processor is to start the system and diagnose hardware failures.
conversation: A connection between two programs over a session that allows them to communicate with each other while processing a transaction. See also transaction, session.
Conversational Monitor System (CMS): A virtual-machine operating system that provides general interactive time sharing, problem solving, and program development capabilities.
conversation identifier: A value used to identify the conversation.
conversation key: See session key.
conversation state: The condition of a conversation, such as send or receive state. The conversation state reflects the actions that have been taken pertinent to that conversation and determines what the next set of actions may be.
conversion: The process of changing from one method of data processing to another or from one data processing system to another. Changing a code point that is assigned to a character in one code page to its corresponding code point in another code page is an example of conversion.
conversion table: An object that contains a set of hexadecimal characters used to convert one or more characters of data. The table can be used for the conversion of data being moved between the system and a device. For example, data stored in one coded character set may need to be displayed or entered on display devices that support a different coded character set. The table can also be used to specify an alternative collating sequence or field conversion functions. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *TBL.
conversion template table: A CICS table containing entries that identify how data is to be converted when transported to or from a remote system.
converted journal entry: The version of a journal entry that can be displayed, printed, or written to a database output file.
cooperative application: In the Systems Application Architecture (SAA) environment, a type of distributed application in which the user interface portion of the application runs on a programmable work station while some or all of the remaining code runs on one or more linked systems.
CoOperative Development Environment/400: A feature of the WebSphere Development Studio Client licensed program that provides System i application development and maintenance tools for editing, compiling, and debugging third-generation programming languages.
cooperative processing: Distributed processing in which processors, typically a programmable workstation and a host computer, accomplish the work of an application by means of coordinated or synchronized use of processing functions and system resources.
coordinate: To bring into a common action, movement, or condition.
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): The international standard of time that is kept by atomic clocks around the world.
CORBA: See Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
corequisite fix: A temporary solution to or a bypass of a problem that is necessary to provide a complete solution to correct a problem. The system requires that you apply the corequisite fix with the PTF that needs it. See also distribution requisite fix, prerequisite fix.
correlated reference: A reference to a column of a table or view that is outside a subquery. See also correlated subquery.
correlated subquery: A subquery that contains a correlated reference. See also correlated reference.
correlation ID: See correlation identifier.
correlation identifier (correlation ID): An application-defined identifier assigned to distributions for the user's information.
correlation name: An identifier specified and used within a single SQL statement as the exposed name for objects such as a table, view, table function reference, nested table expression, or data change table reference. Correlation names are useful in an SQL statement to allow two distinct references to the same base table and to allow an alternative name to be used to represent an object.
correlation table: In OSI X.400, a table that records details of distributions sent and received across a gateway (such as VM/MVS bridge or X.400). A correlation table is used by a gateway to forward acknowledgments, as appropriate, after they are received.
counter: A binary string that is used by some block cipher modes in an exclusive-OR (XOR) operation. It is incremented and then applied in the encryption or decryption of each block of data. For a given key, a counter should never be repeated.; A data item used for storing numbers or number representations in a manner that permits these numbers to be increased or decreased by the value of another number or to be set to an arbitrary value.
country ID: See country identifier.
country identifier (country ID): The 2-character representation for the country associated with an object. For example, documents and user profiles can have a country associated with them.
coupler: A device that connects a modem to a telephone network.
CP-CP session: In SNA, one of the parallel sessions between two control points, using LU 6.2 protocols and a mode name of CPSVCMG, on which network services requests and replies are exchanged. Each CP of a given pair has one contention-winner session and one contention-loser session with the other.
CPGID: See code page global identifier.
cpi: See characters per inch.
CPI: See Common Programming Interface.
CPI-C: See Common Programming Interface for Communications.
CPM: See continuously powered main storage.
CPP: See command processing program.
CP-SVR: See control point server.
CPU: See central processing unit.
CPW: See commercial processing workload.
cracker: Someone, usually with malicious intent, who tries to circumvent or subvert system protection mechanisms. See also hacker.
cradle: The part of a telephone that holds the handset or receiver.
CRC: See cyclic redundancy check.
create data: The data necessary to convert code to machine instructions.
create method: In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to create an enterprise bean. (Sun)
creation date: The system date when an object is created.
CRG: See cluster resource group.
CRGM: See cluster resource group manager.
crop: In image processing and in multimedia applications, to cut off or trim.
cross-domain key: In Cryptographic Support, a type of key-encrypting key used to encrypt a data-encrypting key that is being sent across a data line or being stored in a file.
cross-domain key table: In Cryptographic Support, a table in the system-supplied physical file QACRKTBL in library QUSRSYS used to store all key-encrypting keys other than the host master key and its variants. Each record of the file contains the name of the key, its use, and its value. The three types of uses are sending, receiving, and personal identification numbers (PINs).
cross-reference listing: The part of the compiler listing that tells where files, fields, and indicators are defined, referred to, and changed in a program.
cross-site mirroring (XSM): A function of IBM i High Available Switchable Resources, Option 41, that provides geographic mirroring and the services to switch over or automatically cause a failover to a secondary copy, potentially at another location, in the event of an outage at the primary location.
CRQ: See change request.
CRQD: See change request description.
CRS: See configuration report server.
cryptanalyst: In Cryptographic Support, a specialist in solving cryptographic problems.
cryptographic algorithm: A set of rules that specify the mathematical steps required to encrypt and decrypt data.
Cryptographic Service Provider (CSP): A feature of the IBM i operating system that provides APIs. The CCA Cryptographic Service Provider enables a user to run functions on the 4758 Coprocessor.
Cryptographic Support: The IBM licensed program that provides support for the encryption and decryption of data, according to the Data Encryption Algorithm, and for the management of cryptographic keys and personal identification numbers (PINs).
cryptography: The transformation of data to conceal its information content and to prevent its unauthorized use or undetected modification.
CS: See cursor stability. See also read stability, repeatable read, uncommitted read, isolation level.
CSMA/CD: See Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection.
CSP: See Cryptographic Service Provider.
CSU: See channel service unit.
CTLD: See controller description.
CUA: See Common User Access.
CUD: See call user data.
CUG: See closed user group.
cumulative backup: The process of copying only data sets that have changed since the last backup of any type. See also full backup, incremental backup.
cumulative PTF package: Media containing the program temporary fixes (PTFs) for IBM i that have been accumulated from the start of the current release. PTFs requiring special handling are not included in a cumulative PTF package.
currency sign: In COBOL, the character $.
currency symbol: In COBOL, the character defined by the CURRENCY SIGN clause in the SPECIAL-NAMES paragraph. If no CURRENCY SIGN clause is present in a COBOL source program, the currency symbol is identical to the currency sign.; A character such as the dollar sign ($) used to identify monetary values.
current directory: See working directory.
current files library: The files library to search for database files to be used by the System/36 environment for the current job.
current form: In query management, the form being applied against the data to produce the report being displayed or printed.
current interrupted job: When a job is interrupted by pressing the Attn key, another job can be started from a command line. This job can also be interrupted by pressing the Attn key again. The current interrupted job is the most recently interrupted. The job name for the current interrupted job is displayed at the top of the Inquiry Options menu.
current library: The library that is specified to be the first user library searched for objects requested by a user. The name for the current library can be specified on the Sign-On display or in a user profile. When you specify an object name (such as the name of a file or program) on a command, but do not specify a library name, the system searches the libraries in the system part of the library list, then searches the current library before searching the user part of the library list. The current library is also the library that the system uses when you create a new object, if you do not specify a library name.
current mode: In the GDDM function, the characteristics of the controlling session. For example, when a color is defined, everything the program draws uses that color until the color is changed.
current position: In computer graphics, the position, in user coordinates, that becomes the starting point for the next graphics routine, if that routine does not explicitly specify a starting point.
current record: In COBOL, the record that is available in the record area associated with the file.
current record pointer: In COBOL, a method of identifying a record that is used in the sequential processing of the next record.
current release: The latest available release of the system that replaced the Licensed Internal Code, operating system, or both.
current state: In DB2 for IBM i, the state of a connection when it is the one used for SQL statements that are executed. See also dormant state.
current volume pointer: In COBOL, a conceptual entity that points to the current volume of a sequential file.
current working directory: See working directory.
cursor: A movable symbol on a display, often a blinking or solid block of light, that identifies a choice to select, indicates where user interaction with the keyboard will appear, or indicates a position of interest on the display surface.; A named control structure used by an application program to point to and select a row of data from a set.
cursor movement key: A key that a user presses to move the cursor on the screen.
cursor stability (CS): An isolation level that for cursors, after fetching and while positioned on a row, prevents the row from being changed by other applications until the cursor position is moved from the row. CS also prevents any row that is changed by other applications from being read until the change is committed. See also read stability, repeatable read, uncommitted read, isolation level.
curve fitting: See smoothness of curve.
customization: The ability to change how objects on a personal computer look and work. For example, a user can tailor what objects are in a work area by creating, moving, or copying objects to the work area.
customizer: A Java class (implementing the java.beans.Customizer interface) that is associated with a bean to provide a richer user interface for that bean's properties.
custom tag: An extension to the JavaServer Pages (JSP) language that performs a specialized task. Custom tags are usually distributed in the form of a tag library, which also contains the Java classes that implement the tags.
CVDA: See CICS-value data area.
CWA: See common work area.
cycle: To end a management collection object that is currently in use and to open a new object for storing future collections. This process prevents collection objects from becoming too large.
cyclic redundancy check (CRC): A redundancy check in which the check key is generated by a cyclic algorithm
cylinder: On a magnetic disk or in an assembly of disks, the set of all tracks that can be accessed by all the magnetic heads of a comb in a given position, without repositioning the access mechanism.