PTHREAD_TRACE_NP()--Execute Code Based on Trace Level (Macro)

Syntax:

 #include <pthread.h>
 PTHREAD_TRACE_NP( optionalCode, desiredTraceLevel );

  Service Program Name: QP0WPTHR

  Default Public Authority: *USE

  Threadsafe: Yes

  Signal Safe: No

An application can use the PTHREAD_TRACE_NP() macro to execute optional code based on the current application trace level. The optionalCode to be executed can include multiple statements and can be surrounded by the C/C++ begin/end block operators (the curly brackets { }). The optionalCode can include pre-condition or post-condition logic, tracepoint information, or any other desired C/C++ statements.

If the current application trace level is set to a level equal to or higher than the desiredTraceLevel, then the code executes.

The current Pthread library trace level is set automatically when a program or service program that uses the Pthread APIs causes the Pthread APIs to be loaded (activated) or when the application explicitly calls the pthread_trace_init_np() function. In either case, the Pthreads library trace level is set based on the value of the QIBM_PTHREAD_TRACE_LEVEL environment variable at that time.

If the preprocessor value PTHREAD_TRACE_NDEBUG is defined, then the call to PTHREAD_TRACE_NP() is compiled out and does not generate any executable runtime code. Use PTHREAD_TRACE_NDEBUG for production level code that should not perform any tracing, or leave tracepoints in the code to assist user's of your application.

The pthread_trace_init_np() API initializes or refreshes both the Pthreads library trace level and the application trace level. The Pthreads library trace level is maintained internally by the Pthreads library, while the application trace level is stored in the Qp0wTraceLevel external variable, and can be used by the PTHREAD_TRACE_NP() macro.

The PTHREAD_TRACE_NP() macro uses the external variable Qp0wTraceLevel. Qp0wTraceLevel may be used directly by the application to set application trace level without effecting the current Pthread library trace level. Set the value of Qp0wTraceLevel to one of the following:

PTHREAD_TRACE_NONE_NP
PTHREAD_TRACE_ERROR_NP
PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP
PTHREAD_TRACE_VERBOSE_NP

For consistent tracing behavior, the application should use the following table as a guide to choosing value of the desiredTraceLevel parameter.

Desired Trace Level	Description
PTHREAD_TRACE_NONE_NP	The optionalCode always runs, even when the current trace level is set to none. It is recommended that this level is only used at development time.
PTHREAD_TRACE_ERROR_NP	The optionalCode runs if the current trace level is set to an error level or higher. Use the error level to trace error conditions and the reasons for error return codes.
PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP	The optionalCode runs if the current trace level is set to an informational level or higher. Use the informational level to trace functions' entry and exit, functions' parameters and return codes and major changes in control flow.
PTHREAD_TRACE_VERBOSE_NP	The optionalCode runs if the current trace level is set to a verbose level or higher. Use the Verbose level traces informational level tracepoints, plus detailed information about application parameters, threads and data structures including information about Pthreads library processing information.

The PTHREAD_TRACE_NP() macro can be used in conjunction with the following APIs to put trace records into the user trace flight recorder. The following system APIs defined in the qp0ztrc.h header file:

Qp0zUprintf - print formatted trace data
Qp0zDump - dump formatted hex data
Qp0zDumpStack - dump the call stack of the calling thread
Qp0zDumpTargetStack - dump the call stack of the target thread

The trace records are written to the user trace flight recorder and can be accessed by the following CL commands:

DMPUSRTRC - dump the contents of a specified job's trace
CHGUSRTRC - change attributes (size, wrapping, clear) of a specified job's trace
DLTUSRTRC - delete the persistent trace object associated with a job's trace

Authorities and Locks

None.

Parameters

None.

Return Value

None.

Error Conditions

None.

Related Information

The <pthread.h> header file. See Header files for Pthread functions.
pthread_trace_init_np()--Initialize or Re-initialize pthread tracing

Example

Note: By using the code examples, you agree to the terms of the Code license and disclaimer information.

#define _MULTI_THREADED
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <qp0ztrc.h>

#define checkResults(string, val) {             \
 if (val) {                                     \
   printf("Failed with %d at %s", val, string); \
   exit(1);                                     \
 }                                              \
}

typedef struct {
   int          threadSpecific1;
   int          threadSpecific2;
} threadSpecific_data_t;

#define                 NUMTHREADS   2
pthread_key_t           threadSpecificKey;

void foo(void);
void bar(void);
void dataDestructor(void *);

void *theThread(void *parm) {
   int                     rc;
   threadSpecific_data_t  *gData;
   PTHREAD_TRACE_NP({
                    Qp0zUprintf("Thread Entered\n");
                   Qp0zDump("Global Data", parm, sizeof(threadSpecific_data_t));},
                   PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP);
   gData = (threadSpecific_data_t *)parm;
   rc = pthread_setspecific(threadSpecificKey, gData);
   checkResults("pthread_setspecific()\n", rc);
   foo();
   return NULL;
}

void foo() {
   threadSpecific_data_t *gData =
      (threadSpecific_data_t *)pthread_getspecific(threadSpecificKey);
   PTHREAD_TRACE_NP(Qp0zUprintf("foo(), threadSpecific data=%d %d\n",
                                gData->threadSpecific1, gData->threadSpecific2);,
                   PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP);
   bar();
   PTHREAD_TRACE_NP(Qp0zUprintf("foo(): This is an error tracepoint\n");,
                   PTHREAD_TRACE_ERROR_NP);
}

void bar() {
   threadSpecific_data_t *gData =
      (threadSpecific_data_t *)pthread_getspecific(threadSpecificKey);
   PTHREAD_TRACE_NP(Qp0zUprintf("bar(), threadSpecific data=%d %d\n",
                                gData->threadSpecific1, gData->threadSpecific2);,
                   PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP);
   PTHREAD_TRACE_NP(Qp0zUprintf("bar(): This is an error tracepoint\n");
                   Qp0zDumpStack("This thread's stack at time of error in bar()");,
                   PTHREAD_TRACE_ERROR_NP);
   return;
}

void dataDestructor(void *data) {
   PTHREAD_TRACE_NP(Qp0zUprintf("dataDestructor: Free data\n");,
                   PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP);
   pthread_setspecific(threadSpecificKey, NULL);   free(data);
   /* If doing verbose tracing we'll even write a message to the job log */
   PTHREAD_TRACE_NP(Qp0zLprintf("Free'd the thread specific data\n");,
                   PTHREAD_TRACE_VERBOSE_NP);
}

/* Call this testcase with an optional parameter 'PTHREAD_TRACING' */
/* If the PTHREAD_TRACING parameter is specified, then the         */
/* Pthread tracing environment variable will be set, and the       */
/* pthread tracing will be re initialized from its previous value. */
/* NOTE: We set the trace level to informational, tracepoints cut  */
/*       using PTHREAD_TRACE_NP at a VERBOSE level will NOT show up*/
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   pthread_t              thread[NUMTHREADS];
   int                    rc=0;
   int                    i;
   threadSpecific_data_t *gData;
   char                   buffer[50];

   PTHREAD_TRACE_NP(Qp0zUprintf("Enter Testcase - %s\n", argv[0]);,
                   PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP);
   if (argc == 2 && !strcmp("PTHREAD_TRACING", argv[1])) {
      /* Turn on internal pthread function tracing support          */
      /* Or, use ADDENVVAR, CHGENVVAR CL commands to set this envvar*/
      sprintf(buffer, "QIBM_PTHREAD_TRACE_LEVEL=%d", PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP);
      putenv(buffer);
      /* Refresh the Pthreads internal tracing with the environment */
      /* variables value.                                           */
      pthread_trace_init_np();
   }
   else {
      /* Trace only our application, not the Pthread code           */
      Qp0wTraceLevel = PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP;
   }

   rc = pthread_key_create(&threadSpecificKey, dataDestructor);
   checkResults("pthread_key_create()\n", rc);

   for (i=0; i <NUMTHREADS; ++i) {
      PTHREAD_TRACE_NP(Qp0zUprintf("Create/start a thread\n");,
                      PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP);
      /* Create per-thread threadSpecific data and pass it to the thread */
      gData = (threadSpecific_data_t *)malloc(sizeof (threadSpecific_data_t));
      gData->threadSpecific1 = i;
      gData->threadSpecific2 = (i+1)*2;
      rc = pthread_create( &thread[i], NULL, theThread, gData);
      checkResults("pthread_create()\n", rc);
      PTHREAD_TRACE_NP(Qp0zUprintf("Wait for the thread to complete, "
                                   "and release their resources\n");,
                      PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP);
      rc = pthread_join(thread[i], NULL);
      checkResults("pthread_join()\n", rc);
   }

   pthread_key_delete(threadSpecificKey);
   PTHREAD_TRACE_NP(Qp0zUprintf("Main completed\n");,
                   PTHREAD_TRACE_INFO_NP);
   return 0;
}

Output

Use CL command DMPUSRTRC to output the following tracing information that the example creates. The DMPUSRTRC CL command causes the following information to be put into file QTEMP/QAP0ZDMP or to standard output depending on the options used for the CL command.

Note the following:

The trace records are indented and labeled based on thread id plus a microsecond timestamp at the time the tracepoint was cut. In the following trace record, the value 0000000D indicates the thread ID of the thread that created the tracepoint. The value 133520 indicates that the tracepoint occurred 133520 microseconds after the last timestamp indicator.
```
      0000000D:133520 Create/start a thread
```
You can use the Pthread library tracepoints to debug incorrect calls to the Pthreads library from your application.
The following trace output occurs when the optional parameter 'PTHREAD_TRACING' is NOT specified when calling this program. Since 'PTHREAD_TRACING' is not specified, the application directly sets the Qp0wTraceLevel external variable, causing only application level tracing to occur, and skiping any Pthreads library tracing.

User Trace Dump for job 096932/KULACK/PTHREADT. Size: 300K, Wrapped 0 times.

--- 11/06/1998 11:06:57 ---
0000000D:133520 Create/start a thread
0000000D:293104 Wait for the thread to complete, and release their resources
0000000E:294072 Thread Entered
0000000E:294272 DB51A4C80A:001CD0 L:0008 Global Data
0000000E:294416  DB51A4C80A:001CD0  00000000 00000002                       *................*
0000000E:294496 foo(), threadSpecific data=0 2
0000000E:294568 bar(), threadSpecific data=0 2
0000000E:294624 bar(): This is an error tracepoint
0000000E:294680 Stack Dump For Current Thread
0000000E:294736 Stack:  This thread's stack at time of error in bar()
0000000E:333872 Stack:  Library    / Program     Module      Stmt    Procedure
0000000E:367488 Stack:  QSYS       / QLESPI      QLECRTTH    774   : LE_Create_Thread2__FP12crtth_parm_t
0000000E:371704 Stack:  QSYS       / QP0WPTHR    QP0WPTHR    1008  : pthread_create_part2
0000000E:371872 Stack:  KULACK     / PTHREADT    PTHREADT    19    : theThread__FPv
0000000E:371944 Stack:  KULACK     / PTHREADT    PTHREADT    29    : foo__Fv
0000000E:372016 Stack:  KULACK     / PTHREADT    PTHREADT    46    : bar__Fv
0000000E:372104 Stack:  QSYS       / QP0ZCPA     QP0ZUDBG    87    : Qp0zDumpStack
0000000E:379248 Stack:  QSYS       / QP0ZSCPA    QP0ZSCPA    276   : Qp0zSUDumpStack
0000000E:379400 Stack:  QSYS       / QP0ZSCPA    QP0ZSCPA    287   : Qp0zSUDumpTargetStack
0000000E:379440 Stack:  Completed
0000000E:379560 foo(): This is an error tracepoint
0000000E:379656 dataDestructor: Free data
0000000D:413816 Create/start a thread
0000000D:414408 Wait for the thread to complete, and release their resources
0000000F:415672 Thread Entered
0000000F:415872 DB51A4C80A:001CD0 L:0008 Global Data
0000000F:416024  DB51A4C80A:001CD0  00000001 00000004                       *................*
0000000F:416104 foo(), threadSpecific data=1 4
0000000F:416176 bar(), threadSpecific data=1 4
0000000F:416232 bar(): This is an error tracepoint
0000000F:416288 Stack Dump For Current Thread
0000000F:416344 Stack:  This thread's stack at time of error in bar()
0000000F:416552 Stack:  Library    / Program     Module      Stmt    Procedure
0000000F:416696 Stack:  QSYS       / QLESPI      QLECRTTH    774   : LE_Create_Thread2__FP12crtth_parm_t
0000000F:416784 Stack:  QSYS       / QP0WPTHR    QP0WPTHR    1008  : pthread_create_part2
0000000F:416872 Stack:  KULACK     / PTHREADT    PTHREADT    19    : theThread__FPv
0000000F:416952 Stack:  KULACK     / PTHREADT    PTHREADT    29    : foo__Fv
0000000F:531432 Stack:  KULACK     / PTHREADT    PTHREADT    46    : bar__Fv
0000000F:531544 Stack:  QSYS       / QP0ZCPA     QP0ZUDBG    87    : Qp0zDumpStack
0000000F:531632 Stack:  QSYS       / QP0ZSCPA    QP0ZSCPA    276   : Qp0zSUDumpStack
0000000F:531704 Stack:  QSYS       / QP0ZSCPA    QP0ZSCPA    287   : Qp0zSUDumpTargetStack
0000000F:531744 Stack:  Completed
0000000F:531856 foo(): This is an error tracepoint
0000000F:531952 dataDestructor: Free data
0000000D:532528 Main completed

API introduced: V4R3

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