Directory organization

Directories contain files, subdirectories, or a combination of both. A subdirectory is a directory within a directory. The directory containing the subdirectory is called the parent directory.

Each directory has an entry for the parent directory in which it was created, .. (dot dot), and an entry for the directory itself, . (dot). In most directory listings, these files are hidden.

Directory Tree

The file system structure of directories can easily become complex. Attempt to keep the file and directory structure as simple as possible. Create files and directories with easily recognizable names. This makes working with files easier.

Parent Directory

Each directory, except for /(root), has one parent directory and may have child directories.

Home Directory

When you log in, the system puts you in a directory called your home directory or login directory. Such a directory is set up by the system administrator for each user. Your home directory is the repository for your personal files. Normally, directories that you create for your own use will be subdirectories of your home directory. To return to your home directory at any time, type the cd command and press Enter at the prompt.

Working Directory

You are always working within a directory. Whichever directory you are currently working in is called your current or working directory. The pwd (present working directory) command reports the name of your working directory. Use the cd command to change working directories.