Use the IF statement within PL/SQL contexts to execute SQL statements on the basis of certain criteria.
IF boolean-expression THEN
statements
END IF;
DECLARE
v_empno emp.empno%TYPE;
v_comm emp.comm%TYPE;
CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT empno, comm FROM emp;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cursor;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPNO COMM');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('----- -------');
LOOP
FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_empno, v_comm;
EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;
--
-- Test whether or not the employee gets a commission
--
IF v_comm IS NOT NULL AND v_comm > 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_empno || ' ' ||
TO_CHAR(v_comm,'$99999.99'));
END IF;
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cursor;
END;
This program generates the following sample output:EMPNO COMM
----- -------
7499 $300.00
7521 $500.00
7654 $1400.00
IF boolean-expression THEN
statements
ELSE
statements
END IF;
DECLARE
v_empno emp.empno%TYPE;
v_comm emp.comm%TYPE;
CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT empno, comm FROM emp;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cursor;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPNO COMM');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('----- -------');
LOOP
FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_empno, v_comm;
EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;
--
-- Test whether or not the employee gets a commission
--
IF v_comm IS NOT NULL AND v_comm > 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_empno || ' ' ||
TO_CHAR(v_comm,'$99999.99'));
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_empno || ' ' || 'Non-commission');
END IF;
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cursor;
END;
This program generates the following sample output:EMPNO COMM
----- -------
7369 Non-commission
7499 $ 300.00
7521 $ 500.00
7566 Non-commission
7654 $ 1400.00
7698 Non-commission
7782 Non-commission
7788 Non-commission
7839 Non-commission
7844 Non-commission
7876 Non-commission
7900 Non-commission
7902 Non-commission
7934 Non-commission
IF boolean-expression THEN
IF boolean-expression THEN
statements
ELSE
IF boolean-expression THEN
statements
END IF;
DECLARE
v_empno emp.empno%TYPE;
v_sal emp.sal%TYPE;
v_comm emp.comm%TYPE;
v_avg NUMBER(7,2);
CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT empno, sal, comm FROM emp;
BEGIN
--
-- Calculate the average yearly compensation
--
SELECT AVG((sal + NVL(comm,0)) * 24) INTO v_avg FROM emp;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average Yearly Compensation: ' ||
TO_CHAR(v_avg,'$999,999.99'));
OPEN emp_cursor;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPNO YEARLY COMP');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('----- -----------');
LOOP
FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_empno, v_sal, v_comm;
EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;
--
-- Test whether or not the employee gets a commission
--
IF v_comm IS NOT NULL AND v_comm > 0 THEN
--
-- Test whether the employee's compensation with commission exceeds
-- the company average
--
IF (v_sal + v_comm) * 24 > v_avg THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_empno || ' ' ||
TO_CHAR((v_sal + v_comm) * 24,'$999,999.99') ||
' Exceeds Average');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_empno || ' ' ||
TO_CHAR((v_sal + v_comm) * 24,'$999,999.99') ||
' Below Average');
END IF;
ELSE
--
-- Test whether the employee's compensation without commission exceeds
-- the company average
--
IF v_sal * 24 > v_avg THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_empno || ' ' ||
TO_CHAR(v_sal * 24,'$999,999.99') || ' Exceeds Average');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_empno || ' ' ||
TO_CHAR(v_sal * 24,'$999,999.99') || ' Below Average');
END IF;
END IF;
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cursor;
END;
This program generates the following sample output:Average Yearly Compensation: $ 53,528.57
EMPNO YEARLY COMP
----- -----------
7369 $ 19,200.00 Below Average
7499 $ 45,600.00 Below Average
7521 $ 42,000.00 Below Average
7566 $ 71,400.00 Exceeds Average
7654 $ 63,600.00 Exceeds Average
7698 $ 68,400.00 Exceeds Average
7782 $ 58,800.00 Exceeds Average
7788 $ 72,000.00 Exceeds Average
7839 $ 120,000.00 Exceeds Average
7844 $ 36,000.00 Below Average
7876 $ 26,400.00 Below Average
7900 $ 22,800.00 Below Average
7902 $ 72,000.00 Exceeds Average
7934 $ 31,200.00 Below Average
IF boolean-expression THEN
statements
[ ELSIF boolean-expression THEN
statements
[ ELSIF boolean-expression THEN
statements ] ...]
[ ELSE
statements ]
END IF;
DECLARE
v_empno emp.empno%TYPE;
v_comp NUMBER(8,2);
v_lt_25K SMALLINT := 0;
v_25K_50K SMALLINT := 0;
v_50K_75K SMALLINT := 0;
v_75K_100K SMALLINT := 0;
v_ge_100K SMALLINT := 0;
CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT empno, (sal + NVL(comm,0)) * 24 FROM emp;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cursor;
LOOP
FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_empno, v_comp;
EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;
IF v_comp < 25000 THEN
v_lt_25K := v_lt_25K + 1;
ELSIF v_comp < 50000 THEN
v_25K_50K := v_25K_50K + 1;
ELSIF v_comp < 75000 THEN
v_50K_75K := v_50K_75K + 1;
ELSIF v_comp < 100000 THEN
v_75K_100K := v_75K_100K + 1;
ELSE
v_ge_100K := v_ge_100K + 1;
END IF;
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cursor;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of employees by yearly compensation');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Less than 25,000 : ' || v_lt_25K);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('25,000 - 49,9999 : ' || v_25K_50K);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('50,000 - 74,9999 : ' || v_50K_75K);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('75,000 - 99,9999 : ' || v_75K_100K);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('100,000 and over : ' || v_ge_100K);
END;
This program generates the following sample output:Number of employees by yearly compensation
Less than 25,000 : 2
25,000 - 49,9999 : 5
50,000 - 74,9999 : 6
75,000 - 99,9999 : 0
100,000 and over : 1