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K28.5
- A special 10-bit character
used to indicate the beginning of a transmission word that performs fibre-channel
control and signaling functions. The first seven bits of the character are
the comma pattern. See also comma.
-
Kanji
- A graphic character set consisting
of symbols used in Japanese ideographic alphabets. Each character is represented
by 2 bytes.
-
Katakana
- A Japanese phonetic syllabary
used primarily for foreign names and place names and words of foreign origin.
See also Hiragana, Kanji.
-
Kb
- See kilobit.
-
kbps
- See kilobits
per second.
-
KDC
- See key
distribution center.
-
keepalive
- Pertaining to the amount
of time that elapses before a message is sent to verify a connection.
-
Kerberos
- (1) A network authentication
protocol that is designed to provide strong authentication for client/server
applications by using secret-key cryptography. See also Kerberos ticket.
- (2) A network authentication protocol that is
based on symmetric key cryptography. Kerberos assigns a unique key, called
a ticket, to each user who logs on to the network. The ticket is embedded
in messages that are sent over the network. The receiver of a message uses
the ticket to authenticate the sender.
-
Kerberos ticket
- A transparent application
mechanism that transmits the identity of an initiating principal to its target.
A simple ticket contains the principal's identity, a session key, a timestamp,
and other information, which is sealed using the target's secret key. See
also Kerberos.
-
kernel
- (1) In OSI, a session-layer functional
unit that supports the basic session services required to establish connections,
transfer normal data, and release connections.
- (2) The part of an
operating system that contains programs for such tasks as input/output, management
and control of hardware, and the scheduling of user tasks. See also kernel address space.
-
kernel address space
- The address
space containing the MVS support for z/OS UNIX services. This address space
can also be called the kernel. See also kernel.
-
kernel configuration file
- In the
UNIX operating system, a text file used by the config program to create the
files necessary to build a new kernel. The file defines parameters used to
size the kernel for performance and I/O capabilities.
-
kernel domain
- Major component of
CICS providing a consistent linkage and recovery environment for CICS. The
application programmer has no external interface to kernel linkage.
-
Kernel Linkage
- A component of CICSPlex
SM that is responsible for building data structures and managing the interfaces
between the other CICSPlex SM components. The environment built by Kernel
Linkage is known as the method call environment.
-
kernel thread
- A one-to-one mapping
between program threads and process threads where each thread is assigned
to a machine task.
-
kerning
- The design of graphic characters
so that their character boxes overlap. The toned picture elements (pels) of
the character appear outside the character cell.
-
key
- (1) A column or an ordered collection
of columns that is identified in the description of a table, index, or referential
constraint. The same column can be part of more than one key.
- (2) A cryptographic mathematical value that is used to digitally sign, verify,
encrypt, or decrypt a message. See also private key, public key.
- (3) One or more characters
within an item of data that are used to uniquely identify a record and establish
its order with respect to other records. See also alternate-index record.
- (4) A button on a keyboard or key pad.
- (5) Information that characterizes and uniquely identifies the real-world
entity that is being tracked by a monitoring context.
-
key attribute
- A simple attribute
whose value is unique for each business object.
-
key authentication
- See authentication.
-
keyboard
- An input device consisting
of various keys that allows the user to input data, control cursor and pointer
locations, and control the dialog with the workstation.
-
keyboard mapping
- A list that establishes
a correspondence between keys on the keyboard and characters displayed on
a display screen, or action taken by a program, when that key is pressed.
-
keyboard profile
- In System i Access,
a file that defines the way characters and functions are mapped to keys on
the keyboard when the personal computer is emulating a host session.
-
keyboard shift
- In DDS, a characteristic
that can be specified for a field in a display file that automatically shifts
the display station keyboard to control what the display station user can
enter into the field. In IDDU and DDS, the keyboard shift can also be specified
in database files, but only applies when these fields are referred to in a
display file.
-
keyboard shortcut
- A key or combination
of keys that a user can press to perform an action that is available from
a menu.
-
keyboard style
- In System i Access,
the keyboard key assignments that are changed to match a particular keyboard
type or user-defined arrangement.
-
keyboard type
- The physical key arrangement
and assignments for the keyboard shipped from the factory.
-
key class
- In EJB query language,
a class that is used to create or find an entity bean. It represents the identity
of the entity bean, corresponding to the primary-key columns of a row in a
relational database.
-
key-controlled storage protection
- An MVS facility for protecting access to storage. Access to key-controlled
storage is permitted only when the storage key matches the access key associated
with the request.
-
key database file
- See key ring.
-
key distribution center (KDC)
- A network
service that provides tickets and temporary session keys. The KDC maintains
a database of principals (users and services) and their associated secret
keys. It is composed of the authentication server and the ticket granting
ticket server.
-
keyed compliance
- A requirement whereby
the user must have a license key (code) from the software provider to be able
to change the usage limit or the expiration date of the license information.
-
keyed data queue
- An i5/OS data queue
that contains individual pieces of data (messages) that are associated with
a key value. Messages can be received from a keyed data queue by specifying
the key value or a relational operator. The system-recognized identifier for
the object type is *DTAQ.
-
keyed direct retrieval
- A type of
record access that uses relative record number, exact key, approximate key,
or generic key.
-
Keyed-Hashing Message Authentication Code (HMAC)
- A mechanism for message authentication that uses cryptographic
hash functions.
-
keyed sequence
- An order in which
records are retrieved that is based on the contents of key fields in records.
See also arrival sequence.
-
keyed sequence access path
- An access
path to a database file that is arranged according to the contents of key
fields contained in the individual records.
-
keyed sequential access
- In the Virtual
Storage Access Method (VSAM), the retrieval or storage of a data record in
its key or relative-record sequence, relative to the previously retrieved
or stored record as defined by the sequence set of an index.
-
keyed sequential retrieval
- A type
of record access that uses keyed direct retrieval to recover subsequent records
implicitly in key or relative record-number sequence without specifying another
key or relative record number.
-
key-encrypting key
- A key that is
used exclusively for encrypting and decrypting keys. See also data-encrypting key.
-
key entry area
- In AFP Utilities,
an area shown at the lower part of the image area for entering the parameters
for an element.
-
key field
- (1) A field used to arrange
the records of a particular type within a file member.
- (2) In EJB
query language, a container-managed field in an entity bean that corresponds
to one of the primary-key columns of a row in a relational database. Each
key field is a member of the entity bean's key class.
- (3) The portion
of a record that is used (possibly with other key fields) to locate a data
record in a key file See also alternate key.
- (4) The field in a database segment used to store segment occurrences in
sequential ascending order. A key field is also a search field. See also search field.
- (5) See sequence field.
-
key field level specification
- Data
description specification coded on the lines following the last field specification.
Key field level specifications are permitted only for physical files or logical
files.
-
key file
- See key ring.
-
key function
- When used on a flat
collection, a function that returns a reference to the key of an element.
-
key identifier
- The unique name associated
with the key for a thread in a process.
-
key locator
- A mechanism that retrieves
the key for XML signing, XML digital signature verification, XML encryption,
and XML decryption.
-
keylock feature
- A security feature
in which a lock and key can be used to restrict the use of the display station.
-
keylock switch
- A switch on the control
panel that can be set to one of four different positions to establish the
power-on and power-off modes allowed for the system.
-
key mechanism
- A description of how
an architectural pattern is realized in terms of patterns of interaction between
elements in the system. Typically presented in a software architecture document.
-
key of reference
- In COBOL, the key,
either prime or alternate, currently being used to access records within an
indexed file.
-
keypad
- A physical grouping of keys
such as the numeric key pad and the cursor key pad on a keyboard or the buttons
on a telephone.
-
keypad mapping
- The process of assigning
special alphanumeric characters to the keys on a telephone keypad so that
the telephone can be used as a computer terminal keyboard.
-
key pair
- In computer security, a
public key and a private key. When the key pair is used for encryption, the
sender uses the public key to encrypt the message, and the recipient uses
the private key to decrypt the message. When the key pair is used for signing,
the signer uses the private key to encrypt a representation of the message,
and the recipient uses the public key to decrypt the representation of the
message for signature verification.
-
key performance indicator (KPI)
- A quantifiable measure designed to track one of the critical success factors
of a business process.
-
keypoint
- The periodic recording of
system information and control blocks on the system log - also the data so
recorded.
-
keypoint directory element (KPDE)
- In a CICS keypoint, an element that records the time when a complete set of
tie-up records (TURs) was written to the forward recovery logs.
-
key policy
- A single, key-protection
transform that the initiating key server offers to the responding key server.
A key policy governs Phase I negotiations.
-
key range
- The two key fields signifying
a range of records to be processed sequentially. The range of records is selected
by specifying either key values that bound the records to be selected or an
individual key value for which all matching records should be selected in
a shared index.
-
key repository
- A store for digital
certificates and their associated private keys.
-
key ring
- In computer security, a
file that contains public keys, private keys, trusted roots, and certificates.
See also keystore file.
-
key ring file
- A binary file that
is protected by a password and stores one or more certificates on the server
hard drives. There are two types of key ring files: server and CA.
-
key schedule
- In Cryptographic Support,
sixteen 8-byte keys created by the Data Encryption Algorithm from the supplied
cryptographic key that are used to encrypt or decrypt the supplied data.
-
key sequence
- The collating sequence
of data records, determined by the value of the key field in each of the data
records. It can be the same as, or different from, the entry sequence of the
records. See also entry sequence.
-
key-sequenced data set (KSDS)
- A VSAM
file or data set whose records are loaded in key sequence and controlled by
an index.
-
key server
- A server that negotiates
the values that determine the characteristics of a dynamic virtual private
network (VPN) connection that is established between two endpoints.
-
key set
- An unordered flat collection
that uses keys and does not allow duplicate elements.
-
keystore
- In security, a storage object,
either a file or a hardware cryptographic card, where identities and private
keys are stored, for authentication and encryption purposes. Some keystores
also contain trusted, or public, keys. See also truststore.
-
keystore file
- A key ring that contains
both public keys that are stored as signer certificates and private keys that
are stored in personal certificates. See also key database
file.
-
keystring
- Additional specification
of the entry within a naming service.
-
key stroke interface
- The part of
the Front End Programming Interface that allows a front-end application to
specify a sequence of key stroke-like commands, which is used to define input
to a back-end application.
-
key system
- In telephony, the type
of telephone system that provides telephones with more than one line for users.
Outside lines appear directly on the telephones instead of being routed through
an operator and transferred, as in PBX systems.
-
key table
- (1) In the Kerberos protocol,
a file that contains service principal names and secret keys. The secret keys
should be known only to the services that use the key table file and to the
key distribution center (KDC).
- (2) A file on the service's host system.
Each entry in the file contains the service principal's name and secret key.
On i5/OS, a key table file is created during configuration of network authentication
service. When a service requests authentication to i5/OS with Network Authentication
Service configured, that i5/OS checks the key table file for that service's
credentials.
-
key/think time
- In capacity planning,
the time between interactive transactions such as typing, thinking, idle time,
and so on. As an interactive user's proficiency with the application improves,
the user's key/think time is likely to reduce, which can result in an increase
in the observed throughput.
-
key translation
- In Cryptographic
Support, the conversion of a data encrypting key from encryption under a previous
key-encrypting key to encryption under another key-encrypting key.
-
key value pair
- Information that is
expressed as a paired set of parameters. For example, if you want to express
that the specific sport is football, this data can be expressed as key=sport
and value=football.
-
keyword
- (1) One of the predefined words
of a programming language, artificial language, application, or command.
- (2) See reserved word.
- (3) A symbol that
identifies a parameter in job control language (JCL).
-
keyword functions
- The result of processing
DDS keywords in a record format specified on an operation.
-
keyword instruction
- In REXX, one
or more clauses, the first of which starts with a keyword that identifies
the instruction. Some keyword instructions affect the flow of control, while
others provide services to the programmer. CALL, DO, and PARSE are examples
of keyword instructions.
-
keyword parameter
- A parameter that
consists of a keyword followed by one or more values. See also positional parameter.
-
keywords field
- A multiple-choice
field that lets users make selections by clicking, rather than typing, an
entry. Keywords fields can display in several formats, including a drop-down
list box, a check box, and a radio button.
-
kill character
- A character that deletes
a line of characters entered after a prompt.
-
kilobit (Kb)
- (1) For processor storage,
real and virtual storage, and channel volume, 2 to the power of 10 or 1024
bits.
- (2) For disk storage capacity and communications volume, 1000
bits.
-
kilobits per second (kbps)
- A measure
of bandwidth on a data transmission medium, where 1 kb/s = 1000 bits per second.
This contrasts with units of storage where 1 Kb = 1024 bits (note upper case
K). See also megabits per second, gigabits per second.
-
kilobyte
- For processor storage, real
and virtual storage, and channel volume, 210 or 1 024 bytes. For disk storage
capacity and communications volume, 1 000 bytes.
-
Kilovolt ampere (kVA)
- A unit of power.
-
kind test
- A form of a node test that
can select nodes based on their kind and name. See also node test.
-
kiosk mode
- The mode of a Web browser
in which none of the browser controls, such as the browser menu bar and toolbar,
are shown.
-
kiosk services
- Solutions for business
center service providers such as hotel chains, airports and office service
franchises that offer document services (storing, reproduction and distribution)
through shared access devices in public spaces.
-
kit
- A collection of catalog entries
that are ordered as a single SKU. A kit is available in one of three types:
dynamic kit, prebuilt kit, and static kit. See also bundle, prebuilt kit.
-
knowledge asset
- A document external
to the scope of the product that contains information associated to existing
metadata.
-
knowledge component
- The autonomic
manager component that creates and stores information that an autonomic manager
needs, such as facts and policies.
-
Korean double-byte character set
- An IBM-defined double-byte character set for Korean, consisting of Korean
non-Hangeul/non-Hanja set, Hangeul set, Hanja set and up to 1,880 user-definable
characters.
-
Korean Hangeul character set
- A subset
of the Korean DBCS, consisting of 2672 Hangeul characters and 52 Jamo characters.
-
Korean Hanja character set
- A subset
of the Korean DBCS, consisting of 5265 Hanja characters.
-
Korean non-Hangeul/non-Hanja character set
- A subset of the Korean DBCS, consisting of non-Hangeul/non-Hanja characters,
such as Greek, Russian, Roman numeric, alphanumeric and related symbols, Katakana,
Hiragana, and special symbols. There are 940 characters in this set.
-
Korn shell (ksh)
- (1) An interactive command
interpreter and a command programming language.
- (2) A command interpreter
developed for UNIX, which forms the basis for the z/OS shell.
-
KPDE
- See keypoint
directory element.
-
KPI
- See key
performance indicator.
-
KPI context
- A container for key performance
indicators (KPIs) and their associated triggers and events.
-
KPI model
- The part of the monitor
model that contains the KPI contexts, which in turn contain key performance
indicators and their associated triggers and events.
-
KPOH
- See thousands
of power-on hours.
-
KSDS
- See key-sequenced
data set.
-
ksh
- See Korn
shell.
-
kVA
- See Kilovolt
ampere.
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L2TP
- See Layer
Two Tunneling Protocol.
-
L2TP access concentrator (LAC)
- A
device that is either attached to the switched network or concurrently located
within a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) end system that is capable of handling
the Layer Two Tunnel Protocol (L2TP). LAC needs to implement only the media
over which L2TP operates in order to pass traffic to one or more L2TP network
servers. It may tunnel any protocol that is carried within PPP. LAC is the
initiator of incoming calls and the receiver of outgoing calls.
-
L2TP network server (LNS)
- A server
that handles the server side of the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP). Because
L2TP relies only on the single media over which L2TP tunnels arrive, the L2TP
network server (LNS) may have only a single local area network (LAN) or a
wide area network (WAN) interface. However, LNS must still be able to end
calls that arrive at any L2TP access concentrator (LAC). LNS is the initiator
of outgoing calls and the receiver of incoming calls.
-
label
- (1) An identification record for
a tape or disk file.
- (2) One or more characters used to identify a
statement or an item of data in a computer program.
- (3) In DB2 for
i5/OS SQL, text that is attached to columns, tables, and packages.
- (4) The explanatory text next to a control on the screen.
- (5) An
instance of a label type object, which provides a user-defined name for a
version. See also object.
- (6) Text that
a user enters to identify a revision.
- (7) A node in a portal that
cannot contain any content, but can contain other nodes. Labels are used primarily
to group nodes in the navigation tree.
- (8) An identifier within or
attached to a set of data elements.
-
label-based access control (LBAC)
- A security mechanism that uses security labels to restrict user access to
individual table rows and columns. See also security
label, security policy.
-
labeled duration
- A number that represents
a duration of years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds, or microseconds.
-
labeled statement
- A programming language
statement that contains one or more identifiers followed by a colon and a
statement.
-
label type
- A type object that defines
a version label for use within a versioned object base (VOB).
-
LABP
- See link
access procedure-balanced.
-
LAC
- (1) See License
Authorization Code.
- (2) See L2TP access
concentrator.
-
LADN
- See library-assigned
document name.
-
LAK
- See login
acknowledgment message.
-
lame delegation
- A misconfiguration
of the Domain Name System (DNS) files. A lame delegation is the delegation
of a domain to any name server that does not have authority for that domain.
-
LAN
- See local
area network.
-
LAN cache
- An area of temporary storage
on a local resource manager that contains a copy of objects stored on a remote
resource manager.
-
landscape page presentation
- The position
of a printed sheet that has its long edges as the top and bottom and its short
edges as the sides. See also portrait page presentation.
-
LANE
- See LAN
emulation.
-
LAN emulation (LANE)
- The transparent
use of an ATM network as an Ethernet-type LAN (IEEE 802.3) or a token-ring
LAN (IEEE 802.5).
-
LAN emulation client (LEC)
- The access
point where devices on the emulated LAN use remote applications and data.
A single LAN emulation client may serve as the asynchronous transfer mode
(ATM) connection point for many devices or sessions. The LAN emulation client
imitates the functions of the LAN protocol, either token-ring or Ethernet,
over the ATM network.
-
LAN emulation configuration server (LECS)
- A server that provides configuration services to the clients. The LECS
provides the clients with the ATM address of an appropriate LAN emulation
server to become part of an emulated LAN. The LECS may also provide some measure
of security within the emulated LAN by controlling which clients to recognize
and configure.
-
LAN emulation server (LES)
- A network
server that provides asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) address resolution and
control-related services to its clients. Each LAN emulation server is associated
with one LAN emulation domain. The LAN emulation server recognizes the clients
that are either connected to or defined in its domain. The LAN emulation server
then translates LAN destinations to ATM addresses at the request of the clients.
It also provides control services as part of maintaining the LAN environment.
-
LAN-free data movement
- The direct
movement of client data between client machines and storage devices on a SAN.
See also server-free data movement.
-
language code
- A two character (ISO
639-1) or three letter (ISO 639-2) abbreviation for a language. For example:
en or eng for English. Country codes and language codes together form the
basis for locale names. See also country code.
-
Language Environment
- An element of
z/OS that provides a common runtime environment and common runtime services
for C/C++, COBOL, PL/I, and Fortran applications.
-
Language Environment-conforming
- Pertaining to an application program that adheres to the common interface
conventions of Language Environment.
-
Language Environment-enabled
- Pertaining
to an application program that has been link-edited with the routines or stubs
provided with Language Environment.
-
Language Environment for VSE/ESA
- In CICS/VSE, a run-time library that establishes a common execution environment
for a number of SAA programming languages.
-
language extension
- Any feature of
a given implementation of the C or C++ language (as in a compiler) that is
not specified by the ISO standard. A program that takes advantage of a language
extension may not be portable to compilers that do not support that extension.
-
language ID
- See language identifier.
-
language identification
- In enterprise
search, a search function that determines the language of a document.
-
language identifier (language ID)
- The 3-character representation that identifies the cultural preference for
language-related processing and is associated with an object, such as a document.
For example, the language identifier is used by text search services to determine
how to process the text of a document.
-
language load ID
- See language load identification.
-
language load identification (language load ID)
- An IBM language feature code associated with a language. For
example, French is 2928.
-
language model
- For speech recognition,
a set of acoustic shapes (in binary format) for a given set of words, in which
word-to-word differences are maximized but speaker-to-speaker differences
are minimized.
-
language profile
- In CoOperative Development
Environment/400, a set of rules that define the programming language and environment
for editing and compiling programs.
-
LANGUAGE segment
- The portion of a
RACF profile containing information about the national language in which the
user receives messages.
-
language-sensitive editing
- A set
of editing functions that are responsive to the programming language, syntax,
and environment of source programs as they are being edited. Typical language-sensitive
editing features are automatic indenting, token highlighting, syntax checking,
and language-sensitive help.
-
LAN over Coax
- See 3174 Peer Communications Network.
-
LAN support program
- A set of software
device drivers used to provide PC applications with an interface to the LAN
hardware. LAN device drivers must be loaded on every personal computer that
is connected to the server through a local area network (token ring or Ethernet).
-
LAP
- (1) See last
agent pending.
- (2) See link access procedure.
-
LAPD
- (1) See link
access procedure-D-channel.
- (2) See link
access protocol for the D-channel.
-
LAPI
- See low-level
application programming interface.
-
large block interface (LBI)
- The set
of of basic sequential access method (BSAM), basic partitioned access method
(BPAM), and queued sequential access method (QSAM) interfaces that deal with
block sizes in 4-byte fields instead of 2-byte fields.
-
large format
- The format of a sequential
data set that is not in basic format or extended format and has a maximum
size per volume that can exceed 65 535 tracks. There is no minimum size requirement
for a large format data set. See also extended format, basic format.
-
large message
- A message that is stored
in the large message cluster (LMC). The maximum length of a message to be
stored in the VSAM QDS is 31900 bytes. Messages up to 2MB can be stored in
the LMC. For queue management using DB2 no distinction is made between messages
and large messages.
-
large object (LOB)
- (1) A sequence of
bytes with a size ranging from 0 bytes to 2 gigabytes less 1 byte. There are
three types of LOBs: binary large objects (binary), character large objects
(single-byte character or mixed), and double-byte character large objects
(double-byte character). See also character large object.
- (2) A data type used by databases for large objects.
-
large queue element
- A queue element
that is larger than the smaller of either the limiting value specified during
the customization of MERVA or 32KB.
-
large table space
- A table space that
stores persistent data in database-managed space but that has a larger space
limit than that of a regular table space. See also permanent table space.
-
LAS
- See logical
application structure.
-
LASI
- See library
access system interface.
-
last agent optimization
- (1) An optimization
that cuts the number of two-phase commit flows to one agent in half by leaving
the last agent out of the first phase of the commit process and giving the
last agent the commit decision during the second phase. An initiator or last
agent can use this optimization with only one of its subordinates, which is
called the optimized last agent (or simply the last agent).
- (2) An
optimized commit flow for either presumed-nothing or presumed-abort protocols
in which the last agent, or final participant, becomes the commit coordinator.
This flow saves at least one message.
-
last agent pending (LAP)
- The last
agent pending logical unit of work (LUW) state indicates that the current
LUW is in doubt. This system has prepared to commit, but has not received
the final vote from the last agent. The LAP state only occurs at the initiator
and at a last agent.
-
last element
- The element visited
last in an iteration over a collection. Each collection has its own definition
for last element. For example, the last element of a sorted set is the element
with the largest value.
-
last-in first-out (LIFO)
- A queuing
technique in which the next item to be retrieved is the item most recently
placed on the queue. See also pushdown list, first-in first-out.
-
last record indicator
- In RPG, an
indicator that signals when the last record (LR) is processed. This indicator
can then be used to condition calculation and output operations that are to
be done at the end of the program.
-
latch
- (1) An internal mechanism for controlling
concurrent events or the use of system resources.
- (2) An electronic
circuit that permanently records (until reset) the status of a signal.
- (3) A programming device that provides short-term serialization for IMS
tasks running in the online IMS system. Similar in function to an z/OS lock.
-
latency
- (1) The amount of time between
the time when a network device originally receives a packet and the time when
the packet is retransmitted.
- (2) The time interval between the instant
at which an instruction control unit initiates a call for data and the instant
at which the actual transfer of the data starts.
- (3) The time from
the initiation of an operation until something actually starts happening (for
example, data transmission begins).
- (4) In replication, part or all
of the approximate difference between the time that a source table is changed
and the time that the change is applied to the corresponding target table.
See also Apply latency, Capture latency, Q Apply latency, Q Capture latency, end-to-end latency.
-
Latin 1
- See Latin alphabet no. 1.
-
Latin-1
- See Latin alphabet no. 1.
-
Latin alphabet
- An alphabet composed
of the letters a - z and A - Z with or without accents and ligatures.
-
Latin alphabet no. 1 (Latin 1, Latin-1)
- The 190 characters used in most of Western Europe, North America, Central
and South America . There are other Latin alphabets such as Latin-2 and Latin-3
that correspond to some of the other ISO/IEC 8859 character sets. The numbering
scheme is neither rational nor orderly.
-
launch configuration
- A mechanism
for defining and saving different workbench configurations that can be launched
separately. Configurable options include run and debug settings.
-
launcher
- The executable file that
starts a program for installing or uninstalling on a particular platform.
-
launchpad
- A graphical interface for
launching the product installation wizard.
-
layer
- In a network architecture,
a group of services, functions, and protocols that is complete from a conceptual
point of view; that is one of a set of hierarchically arranged groups; and
that extends across all systems that conform to the network architecture.
-
layer entity (LE)
- In OSI, an active
element in a layer.
-
layer service
- In OSI, a service provided
by a layer of the OSI reference model.
-
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
- An Internet protocol that permits the tunneling of the link layer of Point-to-Point
Protocol (PPP).
-
layout box
- In Page Designer, a control
that allows Web designers to position text and images within the page. Layout
boxes can be stacked or aligned using a grid.
-
layout manager
- In programming graphical
user interfaces, an object that controls the size and position of Java components
within a container. The Java platform supplies several commonly used layout
managers for AWT and Swing containers.
-
layout region
- On a form or subform,
a fixed-length design area in which related elements can be dragged and moved
easily and can be displayed in ways not possible on regular forms and subforms.
-
lazy authentication
- The process whereby
the security run time environment obtains the required authentication data
when the Java client accesses a protected enterprise bean for the first time.
-
lazy write
- A function whereby the
network server performs a write-to-disk operation rather than caching the
data for this storage space. Use of the lazy write function enhances system
performance by allowing information to be updated multiple times before being
written to disk.
-
LBA
- See logical
block address.
-
LBAC
- See label-based
access control.
-
LBAC credentials
- In label-based access
control, the set of security labels and exemptions held by a database user.
-
LBG
- See load
balancing group.
-
LBI
- See large
block interface.
-
LBR
- See low
bit rate.
-
LCI
- See local
component installer.
-
LCID
- See log
control interval definition.
-
LC message
- Last confirmed control
message. It contains the message-sequence number of the application or acknowledgment
message that was last confirmed; that is, for which the sending MERVA Link
system most recently received confirmation of a successful delivery.
-
LCPC
- See load
code page control.
-
LCS
- See Library
Control System.
-
LCU
- See logical
control unit.
-
LDAP
- See Lightweight
Directory Access Protocol.
-
LDAP binding
- A binding operation
that authenticates the client to the server.
-
LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF)
- A format used by the ldapmodify, ldapadd, and ldapsearch command-line utilities
to represent LDAP entries in a standard portable text form.
-
LDAP directory
- A type of repository
that stores information on people, organizations, and other resources and
that is accessed using the LDAP protocol. The entries in the repository are
organized into a hierarchical structure, and in some cases the hierarchical
structure reflects the structure or geography of an organization.
-
LDAP Directory Interchange Format (LDIF)
- A file format that is used to describe directory information as well
as changes that need to be applied to a directory, such that directory information
can be exchanged between directory servers that are using LDAP.
-
LDAP service
- The LDAP server task
that processes LDAP client requests.
-
LDC
- See logical
device component.
-
LDIF
- (1) See LDAP
Directory Interchange Format.
- (2) See LDAP
Data Interchange Format.
-
LDS
- (1) See linear
data set.
- (2) See logical data stream.
-
LDT
- See logical
deployment template.
-
LE
- See layer
entity.
-
leader
- The blank section of tape
at the beginning of a reel.
-
leaf
- In a tree, an entry or node
that has no children.
-
leaf entry
- In the Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE), a directory that has no subordinates. It can be an alias
entry or an object entry.
-
leaf page
- A page that contains pairs
of keys and record identifiers and that points to actual data. See also nonleaf page.
-
learning object
- In Lotus Learning
Management System, the electronic representation of media, text, image, sound,
or other data, or an aggregation of such pieces of data into a cohesive unit
of instruction, that can be delivered to a Web client. In the Lotus Learning
Management System, course content is made up of learning objects.
-
lease
- An agreement that grants permission
to use a product or a program.
-
least recently used (LRU)
- Pertaining
to an algorithm used to identify and make available the cache space that contains
the data that was least recently used.
-
least squares
- A method of fitting
a curve to a set of points representing statistical data in such a way that
the sum of the squares of the distances of the points from the curve is a
minimum.
-
LEC
- (1) See LAN
emulation client.
- (2) See local exchange
carrier.
-
LECS
- See LAN
emulation configuration server.
-
LED
- See light-emitting
diode.
-
left outer join
- The result of a join
operation that includes the matched rows of two tables that are being joined
and that preserves the unmatched rows of the first table. See also full outer join, right outer join, join.
-
legend
- An explanatory list of the
symbols, lines, and other components of a chart or graphic.
-
lemma
- The normalized or canonical
form of a word. Typically, the lemma is the underived and uninflected form
of a noun or a verb. For example, the lemma of the terms 'organizing' and
'organized' is 'organize'. See also stem.
-
lemmatization
- A process that identifies
the root form and different grammatical forms of a word. For example, a search
for mouse also finds documents that contain the word mice, and a search for
go also finds documents that contain going, gone, or went.
-
Lempel-Ziv (LZ)
- A technique for compressing
data. This technique replaces some character strings, which occur repeatedly
within the data, with codes. The encoded character strings are then kept in
a common dictionary, which is created as the data is being sent.
-
length attribute
- A value associated
with a string that represents the declared fixed length or maximum length
of the string.
-
lenient distribution
- The process
of distributing software packages to endpoints, managed nodes, or profile
managers that are not current subscribers to the profile manager to which
the software packages belong.
-
LEN node
- See low-entry networking node.
-
LEO
- See low
earth orbit.
-
LES
- See LAN
emulation server.
-
letterhead
- A preset design that appears
at the top of an e-mail message.
-
level
- (1) In a database, the successive
vertical dependencies in a hierarchical structure.
- (2) A set of one
or more related attributes that work together as one logical step in a hierarchy.
Attributes can function in one or more roles in a level.
-
Level-0 managed system
- An IBM or
non-IBM server, desktop computer, workstation, or mobile computer, that can
be managed by IBM Director but does not have any IBM Director software installed
on it.
-
level 0 volume
- A primary volume or
a user volume not managed by DFSMShsm.
-
Level-1 managed system
- An IBM or
non-IBM server, desktop computer, workstation, and mobile computer that has
IBM Director Core Services installed.
-
level 1 volume
- A volume, owned by
DFSMShsm, containing data sets that migrated from a level 0 volume.
-
Level-2 managed system
- An IBM or
non-IBM server, desktop computer, workstation, or mobile computer that has
IBM Director Agent installed. The function of a Level-2 managed system varies
depending on the operating system and hardware.
-
level 2 volume
- A volume under control
of DFSMShsm containing data sets that migrated from a level 1 volume, or from
a volume not managed by DFSMShsm.
-
level checking
- A function that compares
the record level identifiers of a file to be opened with the file description
that is part of a compiled program to determine if the record format for the
file changed since the program was compiled.
-
level function
- A function that must
be performed but that needs to be performed by only one processing unit. Level
functions include backing up the control data sets (CDSs), backing up migrated
data sets, deleting expired dump copies, moving backup versions from level
1 volumes to backup volumes, migration cleanup, and level-1-to-level-2 migration.
See also demotion, promotion.
-
level indicator
- (1) In COBOL, two alphabetic
characters (FD or SD) that identify the type of file description entry.
- (2) In RPG, two characters (L0 through L9 and LR) that control calculation
and output processing during total time.
-
leveling
- Any form of network analysis
in which scheduling decisions are driven by resource management concerns such
as availability.
-
level-number
- In COBOL, a numeric
character (1 through 9) or a 2-character set (01 through 49, 66, 77, 88) that
begins a data description entry and establishes its level in a data hierarchy.
Level-numbers 66, 77, and 88 identify special properties of a data description
entry.
-
level of service
- See service level agreement.
-
level one data sharing
- For DEDB areas,
DBRC may authorize only one subsystem to update the database and multiple
subsystems that do not need to be protected from incomplete changes made
by the updater to read it, or it may authorize multiple subsystems to read
the database. For area level sharing, DBRC may authorize the update or read
of an area. See also interprocessor block level sharing.
-
level three data sharing
- DBRC and
one IRLM and VTAM on each MVS system may concurrently authorize and protect
multiple subsystems on different MVS systems for updating or reading the database.
The IRLMs may reside in one or more z/OS operating system images. See also
area-level sharing, intraprocessor
block level sharing.
-
level two data sharing
- DBRC and one
IRLM may concurrently authorize and protect multiple subsystems on the same
MVS system for updating or reading the database. See also interprocessor block level sharing.
-
level zero data sharing
- The level
of data sharing in which DBRC allows only one subsystem (for example, one
online IMS) to access the database.
-
level-zero entry
- In RPG, a calculation
specifications entry that indicates the operations to be done during total
time for each program cycle when no control break occurs.
-
lexical affinity
- The relationship
of search words in a document that are close to each other in meaning. Lexical
affinity is used to calculate the relevancy of a result.
-
lexical analysis
- The process by which
a stream of characters is grouped into a series of lexical items, or tokens,
and all available dictionary data is associated with the lexical items. Lexical
analysis comprises three separate steps: segmentation, normalization and annotation.
-
lexical analysis dictionary
- A dictionary
with glosses of standard structure that is required for lexical analysis algorithms.
-
lexical analyzer
- A program that analyzes
input and breaks it into categories, such as numbers, letters, or operators.
-
lexical item
- See token.
-
lexical parsing item (LPI)
- In lexical
analysis, a unit in the lexical representation of text. A lexical parsing
item contains annotations or gloss information to be associated with the range
in the surface text. See also token.
-
lexical parsing stream (LPS)
- In lexical
analysis, a data construct specifying the lexical representation of text.
Specifically, it is a stream of lexical parsing items (LPIs).
-
lexical QName
- An optional namespace
prefix and a local name. If the namespace prefix is present, it is separated
from the local name by a colon. See also expanded QName, qualified name.
-
lexicon name
- A string of characters
that uniquely identify a dictionary for loading purposes.
-
LFS
- See local
file system.
-
LFSID
- See local-form session identifier.
-
librarian
- In CICS/VSE, the set of
programs that maintains, services, and organizes the system and private libraries.
-
library
- (1) A system object that serves
as a directory to other objects. A library groups related objects, and allows
users to find objects by name.
- (2) A repository for demountable recorded
media, such as magnetic disks and magnetic tapes.
- (3) A collection
of model elements, including business items, processes, tasks, resources,
and organizations.
- (4) A partitioned data set or a series of concatenated
partitioned data sets. See also partitioned data set
extended.
- (5) A Notes database that contains lists of links to
other databases. Unlike a catalog, which lists all the Notes databases on
a server, a library contains links to selected databases from one or several
servers.
- (6) A set of object modules that can be specified in a link
command.
-
library access system interface (LASI)
- The PSF subcomponent that gets resources from the libraries and stores
and obtains records in a message data set.
-
library-assigned document name (LADN)
- A unique name, which includes a time stamp and a system name, that is
assigned by a system in the office network to a document when it is filed
in the document library. On i5/OS, the time-stamp part of the library-assigned
document name is included in a 10-character name that becomes the document
object name.
-
library client
- The component of a
Content Manager system that provides a low-level programming interface for
the library system. The library client includes APIs that are part of the
software developer's kit.
-
library control sector
- The first
sector in a library which contains a record of the used and available space
in the library.
-
Library Control System (LCS)
- The
component of the object access method (OAM) that is used in the support of
tape libraries. The LCS also writes and reads objects on optical disk storage
and manipulates the optical volumes on which the objects reside.
-
library descriptions file
- A file
that lists keywords, document classes, or both, or the access codes associated
with different document libraries.
-
library list
- In i5/OS, a list that
indicates which libraries are to be searched and the order in which they are
to be searched. The system-recognized identifier is *LIBL.
-
library look-aside (LLA)
- A facility
in MVS/ESA that reduces library I/O activity by keeping selected directory
entries in storage, instead of making repetitive searches of DASD.
-
library manager
- The software application
that controls all operations in an Automated Tape Library Dataserver (ATLDS)
or in a file.
-
library manager database
- A database
that contains entries for all cartridges in the Automated Tape Library Dataserver
(ATLDS) and the manual tape library (MTL) data server. Each entry contains
volume serial number (VOLSER), category, physical location, and volume status
information.
-
library member
- See resource object.
-
library name
- A user-defined word
that names a library.
-
library name space
- An attribute that
can be set for the current thread. The library name space is the set of objects
and libraries that can be accessed in any independent disk pools in a disk
pool group plus the libraries in the system disk pool and basic user disk
pools (ASPs 2-32) using the regular library-qualified object name syntax.
-
library object
- (1) See resource object.
- (2) See item.
-
library record
- Information related
to the library, such as library name and logical type. The library record
resides within the tape configuration database (TCDB).
-
library routine
- In CoOperative Development
Environment/400, a routine maintained in a program library.
-
library server
- The component of a
Content Manager system that stores, manages, and handles queries on items.
-
library user ASP
- An auxiliary storage
pool that contains libraries and folders. See also nonlibrary user ASP.
-
license
- (1) In license management, a
license gives the user authorization to use a user-based priced product.
- (2) A permission granted by competent authority to engage in a business
or occupation or in an action otherwise unlawful.
-
License Authorization Code (LAC)
- Code that is needed to unlock a licensed program.
-
Licensed Internal Code
- (1) For i5/OS,
the layered architecture below the machine interface (MI). The Licensed Internal
Code is a proprietary system design that carries out many functions. These
functions include but are not limited to storage management, pointers and
addressing, program management functions, exception and event management,
data functions, I/O managers, and security.
- (2) Microcode that IBM
does not sell as part of a machine, but licenses to the customer. LIC is implemented
in a part of storage that is not addressable by user programs. Some IBM products
use it to implement functions as an alternative to hardware implementations.
-
Licensed Internal Code fix
- A temporary
solution to, or bypass of, a defect in a current release of the Licensed Internal
Code.
-
licensed program (LP)
- A separately
priced program and its associated materials that bear a copyright and are
offered to customers under the terms and conditions of a licensing agreement.
-
licensed program offering (LPO)
- A field-developed program that is not supported on the Licensed Program menu.
LPOs have separate instructions for installation.
-
licensed program product (LPP)
- See licensed program.
-
license key file
- A file containing
keys (passwords) required to run Cluster Systems Management.
-
license pool
- A collection of shared
licenses available for a particular software installation.
-
license server
- A program that provides
license services and administers licenses for software products.
-
license term
- In i5/OS license management,
an indicator of whether the authorized usage limit for a product lasts until
the next version, next release, or next modification level of the product.
-
license use key
- A key (password)
that is required to run Cluster Systems Management. A license key file, containing
license use keys, is included with the CSM package.
-
LID
- See local
identifier.
-
life cycle
- (1) Passage or transformation
through different stages over time. For example markets, brands and offerings
have life cycles.
- (2) One complete pass through the four phases phases
of software development: inception, elaboration, construction and transition.
-
life cycle relationship
- A relationship
between a consuming software entity and a supplying software entity that indicates
the degree to which the life cycles of the consuming software entity and the
supplying software entity are bound together in the runtime environment.
-
life cycle state
- The span of time
that begins when a configuration item (CI) is created and ends when it is
no longer available for use.
-
lifeline
- In a sequence diagram, a
connectable element (an object or a role) that describes how each instance
participates in the interaction over a period of time. See also sequence diagram.
-
LIFO
- See last-in
first-out.
-
LIFO storage
- Storage used by reentrant
CICS management modules to save registers.
-
ligature
- Two or more characters that
are connected so they appear as one character. For example, ff and ffi are
characters that can be presented as ligatures.
-
light-emitting diode (LED)
- A semiconductor
chip that gives off visible or infrared light when activated.
-
lightness
- The characteristic that
allows colors to be put in order from light to dark.
-
light path diagnostics
- A technology
that provides a lighted path to failed or failing components to expedite hardware
repairs.
-
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
- An open protocol that uses TCP/IP to provide access to directories
that support an X.500 model and that does not incur the resource requirements
of the more complex X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP). For example, LDAP
can be used to locate people, organizations, and other resources in an Internet
or intranet directory.
-
lightweight process
- See thread.
-
Lightweight Third Party Authentication (LTPA)
- (1) An authentication framework that allows single sign-on across
a set of Web servers that fall within an Internet domain.
- (2) A protocol
that uses cryptography to support security in a distributed environment.
-
like concatenation
- Data sets that
are allocated with one data definition (DD) name so that an application program
can read them as if they were one data set. These data sets must have identical
or compatible record formats and lengths.
-
like device
- Pertaining to direct
access storage devices (DASDs) that have the same performance and format characteristics.
-
LIL
- See loadable
implementation library.
-
Lilian date
- A system of numbering
days consecutively from October 15, 1582.
-
limit count
- The number that determines
whether the normal or limit priority value is assigned to a transaction during
the scheduling process. See also limit priority, normal priority.
-
limited availability interim fix
- A customer-tested fix that is offered on a limited basis.
-
limited capability
- In CICS, the use
of certain CL commands can be restricted by setting a user's profile to limited
capability.
-
limited meeting
- A Sametime meeting
that is limited to a certain number of participants by the system administrator.
Differs from a restricted meeting. See also restricted
meeting.
-
limit key
- The highest value of the
index key for a partition.
-
limit priority
- The priority to which
a transaction is raised when the number of transactions enqueued and waiting
to be processed is equal to or greater than the limit count value. See also
limit count, normal priority, scheduling priority.
-
limits file
- In RPG, a file that contains
the upper and lower values of the record keys used to read from an indexed
file.
-
limits record
- In RPG, a record that
contains the lowest record key and the highest record key of the records that
are to be read (in the keyed file).
-
LINAGE-COUNTER
- In COBOL, a special
register whose value points to the current position within the page body.
-
line
- (1) The physical path in data transmission.
- (2) On a terminal, one or more characters entered before a return
to the first printing or display position, or accepted by the system as a
single block of output.
-
linear data set (LDS)
- A VSAM data
set that contains data but no control information. An LDS can be accessed
as a byte-addressable string in virtual storage.
-
linear logging
- In WebSphere MQ on
UNIX systems, and WebSphere MQ for Windows, the process of keeping restart
data in a sequence of files. New files are added to the sequence as necessary.
The space in which the data is written is not reused. See also circular logging.
-
linear procedure
- Any procedure not
beginning with a REXX comment. A linear procedure can contain QMF commands,
comments, blank lines, RUN commands, and substitution variables.
-
linear syntax
- QMF command syntax
that is entered in one statement of a program or procedure, or that can be
entered on the QMF command line.
-
linear trending
- Linear growth based
on the historical values of a data set using the least squares regression
algorithm.
-
line chart
- In the GDDM function,
a chart in which the plotted points (each optionally represented by a marker)
are joined by straight or curved lines.
-
line code violation
- In Performance
Tools, two successive electrical pulses of the same polarity, instead of alternating
polarity, on the S/T interface.
-
line command
- An abbreviation used
to request a function for a specific line or lines from the command area to
the left of the line or lines affected. For example, C for Copy or M for Move.
-
line configuration
- The process of
creating configuration descriptions for the lines that make up a data processing
system.
-
line control character
- See transmission control character.
-
line counter specifications
- In RPG,
a coding sheet on which the programmer indicates or overrides the system defaults
for the form length and for the number of lines to print on a page. Line counter
specifications can be used for each printer file in a program.
-
line data
- (1) Data prepared for printing
on a line printer. Line data can contain carriage-control characters and table-reference
characters (TRC) for spacing and font selections.
- (2) Application
data that is prepared for printing, without any data placement or presentation
information. See also record format line data, traditional line data.
-
line description
- An object that contains
information describing a particular communications line that is attached to
the system. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *LIND.
-
line descriptor
- Specifications that
describe how traditional line data records are formatted into individual print
lines. Line descriptors are interpreted by PSF when formatting printed output.
-
line editor
- An editor that displays
data one line at a time and that allows data to be accessed and modified only
by entering commands.
-
line error
- An error on the telephone
line that causes the signal to be impaired.
-
line format
- Specifications that describe
how text and variable data are formatted into lines suitable for displaying
at a terminal or printing.
-
line graph
- In Performance Tools,
a graph in which plotted points (each optionally represented by a marker)
are joined by straight or curved lines.
-
line item set
- A set of order items
(or portions of order items when the quantity of order items is greater than
one). It is a temporary grouping of order items used by the promotion engine
during promotion evaluation.
-
line merging
- Printing two or more
records of line data at the same location on the page. Line merging is used
with line data to mix different fonts on the same line, to underscore or overstrike,
and on impact printers to create darker print.
-
line mode
- An input-processing mode
in which input is collected and processed one line at a time.
-
line-mode printing
- Every 3800 printer
can operate in line mode as a non-AFP printer. Print jobs that run in line
mode do not use PSF or AFP resources, such as page definitions or form definitions.
Instead, they use 3800 line-mode resources, such as FCBs and GRAPHMODs.
-
line number
- The number that precedes
a line of information in a printout or on a display. This number can be up
to 5 digits long, from 00001 through 99999.
-
line pool
- In Point-to-Point Protocol,
a list of lines that can be used in a connection profile.
-
line printer
- A device that prints
a line of characters as a unit. See also page printer, character printer.
-
line printer daemon (LPD)
- (1) The receiving
portion, or target, of a file transfer that receives the spooled file that
was sent and places the file on a local output queue. See also line printer requester.
- (2) The printer server that allows other
hosts to access its printer.
-
line printer queue (LPQ)
- In TCP/IP,
a method to display the output queue of spooled files sent to a printer.
-
line printer removal (LPRM)
- In TCP/IP,
a method of removing spooled files from the queue of a printer.
-
line printer requester (LPR)
- (1) The
sending portion, or client portion, of a spooled file transfer. The line printer
requester allows a spooled file that was sent between remote systems to be
sent to a printer queue. See also line printer daemon.
- (2) A client that lets the local host submit a file for printing
on a remote printer server.
-
line response mode
- A variation of
response mode where all operations on the communication line are suspended
while the application program output message is being generated. See also
response mode, terminal response
mode.
-
line set
- In the OSI Communications
Subsystem licensed program, a user-specified group of one or more lines used
to establish network connections. When sending an outbound connection request,
OSI Communications Subsystem selects a line from a line set. The line characteristics--such
as line speed--of each line in a given line set should be similar.
-
lines per inch (lpi)
- The number of
characters that can be printed vertically within an inch.
-
line switching
- See circuit switching.
-
line traffic
- The number of transmissions
and the amount of data sent and received on a communications line.
-
line transmission termination (LT)
- In Performance Tools, the line transmission termination part of the reference
model for the integrated services digital network (ISDN).
-
linguistic conversion
- A conversion
where a partial mapping is done from the source code page to the target code
page. The integrity of characters that are in both the target coded character
set identifier (CCSID) and the source CCSID are preserved. Characters that
are not in the target CCSID are mapped to the most culturally acceptable alternative
for that character.
-
linguistic search
- A search type that
browses, retrieves, and indexes a document with terms that are reduced to
their base form, for example, so that mice is indexed as mouse, or expanded
with their base form, such as with compound words.
-
link
- (1) A connection that provides the
physical transfer of data from one node to another.
- (2) In a file
system, a connection between a directory and an object. The link is established
when the object is created.
- (3) In hypertext, an author-defined association
between two information nodes.
- (4) In SNA, the combination of the
link connection (the transmission medium) and two link stations (one at each
end of the link connection).
- (5) In TCP/IP, a term for a communications
line. A TCP/IP link may share the use of a communications line with SNA.
- (6) In a file system, a connection between an i-node and one or more file
names associated with it.
- (7) In data communication, a transmission
medium and data link control (DLC) component that together transmit data between
adjacent nodes.
- (8) A line or arrow that connects activities in a
process. A link passes information between activities and determines the order
in which they run.
- (9) A directional relationship between two items:
the parent and the child. You can use a set of links to model one-to-many
associations. See also reference.
- (10) An icon that provides direct access from one Notes document, view, or database
(the source object) to any other document, view, or database (the target object).
Notes opens the target object without closing the source object that was branched
from.
- (11) In fibre-channel technology, two unidirectional fibers carrying
data in opposite directions, along with their associated transmitters and
receivers. See also circuit.
- (12) In an
IMS multisystem environment, the connection between two systems. See also
physical link and logical link.
- (13) In IDDU, to connect a database
file on disk with a file definition in a data dictionary. See also unlink.
- (14) To interconnect items of data or portions of one or
more computer programs, for example, the linking of object programs by a linkage
editor or the linking of data items by pointers.
-
link access procedure (LAP)
- A link
level element used for data interchange between data circuit-terminating equipment
(DCE) and data terminal equipment (DTE) operating in user classes of service
8 to 11, as specified in CCITT Recommendation X.1. See also link access procedure-balanced.
-
link access procedure-balanced (LABP)
- A procedure for gaining access to an X.25 network at the link level.
LAPB uses a full-duplex, asynchronous, symmetric (balanced) protocol used
in point-to-point communication. See also link access
procedure.
-
link access procedure-D-channel (LAPD)
- A procedure, recommended by the CCITT, for using an integrated services
digital network (ISDN) on the data link level. LAPD is a duplex, asynchronous,
symmetric procedure used to communicate control instructions, such as setting
up and dropping a connection, to the control channel (D-channel) of ISDN.
-
link access protocol for the D-channel (LAPD)
- An HDLC protocol used in ISDN that ensures a reliable connection
between the network and the user. Often used synonymously with Q.921.
-
link address
- An address assigned
at initialization that identifies a channel or control unit and allows it
to send and receive frames and perform I/O operations.
-
linkage
- Refers to the binding between
a reference and a definition. A function has internal linkage if the function
is defined inline as part of the class, is declared with the inline keyword,
or is a non-member function declared with the static keyword. All other functions
have external linkage.
-
linkage editor
- A computer program
for creating load modules from one or more object modules or load modules
by resolving cross-references among the modules and, if necessary, adjusting
addresses.
-
linkage options part
- In EGL, a build
part that gives details on how a generated program calls and is called by
other programs. The part also gives details on how a generated COBOL program
accesses files on remote CICS regions. The information in this part is used
at generation time, test time, and run time.
-
linkage properties file
- An EGL-generated
or handwritten text file that can be used at Java EE run time to give details
on how an EGL-generated Java program or wrapper calls other code.
-
Linkage Section
- In COBOL, a section
of the Data Division that describes data made available from another program.
-
link analysis
- A method that is based
on the analysis of hyperlinks between documents and used to determine what
pages in the collection are important to users.
-
link-attached
- Pertaining to devices
that are connected to a controlling unit by a data link. See also channel-attached.
-
link count
- The number of directory
entries that refer to a particular file. [POSIX.1]
-
linked HATS/WebFacing project
- A combined
project that includes both WebFacing and HATS customization capabilities.
See also HATS/WebFacing enabled project.
-
link-edit
- To create a loadable computer
program by means of a linkage editor.
-
link-edit part
- In EGL, a build part
that describes how to form a load module from two or more programs. The information
in this part is used at generation time and preparation time, but only when
the target system is CICS for z/OS.
-
linked list
- A list in which the data
elements may be dispersed but in which each data element contains information
for locating the next.
-
link end
- An instance of an association
end.
-
linker
- A program that resolves cross-references
among separately compiled object modules and then assigns final addresses
to create a single executable program.
-
link level
- (1) In SNA, the combination
of the transmission connection, protocol, devices, and programming joining
network nodes.
- (2) A part of Recommendation X.25 that defines the
link protocol used to get data into and out of the network across the duplex
line connecting the subscriber's equipment to the network.
-
link-level facility
- The ESCON or
FICON hardware and logical functions of a control unit or channel subsystem
that allow communication over an ESCON or FICON read and write interface.
-
link level security
- The security
services that are invoked, directly or indirectly, by a message channel agent
(MCA), the communications subsystem, or a combination of the two working together.
-
link list
- The list of libraries searched
by the control program (after the job pack, task library, step library, job
library, and link pack area have been searched) for any load that does not
provide a specific data control block to be used. In MVS, the system name
is LNKLST.
-
link name
- A name defined in the deployment
descriptor of the encompassing application.
-
link pack area (LPA)
- The portion
of virtual storage below 16MB that contains frequently used modules. See also
dynamic link pack area.
-
link partner
- A device that the Ethernet
adapter is connected to in an Ethernet connection. A link partner can be a
switch, hub, router, or some other device that the adapter is connected to.
-
link pending
- A state that indicates
a datalink field contains one or more values that cannot be validated due
to a system failure, communications failure, or other similar error. The file
is still usable when it is in this state, but only for reading data.
-
Link Problem Determination Aid (LPDA)
- A series of procedures used by products to test modem or other data
circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) operations, and to provide information
about the DCE and the data link. An extended version also provides operational
and configuration commands. LPDA commands can be used only with DCEs that
support LPDA.
-
Link Problem Determination Aid-1 (LPDA-1)
- The first version of the LPDA command set. Although LPDA-1 and LPDA-2
provide several of the same functions, LPDA-1 is not compatible with LPDA-2.
-
Link Problem Determination Aid-2 (LPDA-2)
- A second version of the LPDA command set. In addition to most of the
functions of LPDA-1, LPDA-2 also supports modem configuration commands, a
call out (dial) command, a set transmit speed command, and commands to operate
a contact that controls external devices.
-
link protocol
- The rules for sending
and receiving data at the link level.
-
link protocol converter (LPC)
- A device
that changes one type of link-level protocol information to another type of
link-level protocol information for processing; for example, 5208 Link Protocol
Converter, 5209 Link Protocol Converter, or ROLMbridge 5250 Link Protocol
Converter.
|
|
-
link security
- A limit on one system's
authorization to attach transactions and access resources in another. Link
security works by signing on each end of a session (to RACF, in CICS Transaction
Server) when the session is bound. Each half-session then has the access requirements
of the single user profile defined for the remote system as a whole. This
profile is applied when a transaction is attached and whenever the transaction
accesses a protected resource. See also bind-time security.
-
link services
- A protocol for link-related
actions.
-
link-state advertisement (LSA)
- In
a link-state routing protocol, a packet that contains information about neighbors
and path costs. Each router in an area generates its link-state database from
the link-state advertisements (LSAs) that it receives from all the other routers
in the same area and the LSAs that itself generates.
-
link-state database
- In a link-state
routing protocol, a database that each router in an area generates from the
link-state advertisements (LSAs) that it receives from all the other routers
in the same area and the LSAs that itself generates. Based on the link-state
database, each router calculates the shortest-path spanning tree, with itself
as the root, using the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm.
-
link-state routing protocol
- A type
of routing protocol in which each router uses the Shortest Path First (SPF)
algorithm to calculate shortest (lowest-cost) paths, and broadcasts or multicasts
information regarding the cost of reaching each of its neighbors to all nodes
in the internetwork. See also Shortest Path First, distance-vector routing protocol.
-
Linux
- An open source operating system
that runs on a wide range of hardware platforms and has many features that
are similar to the UNIX system.
-
Linux for S/390
- The Linux distributions
that run on IBM's zSeries and S/390 processors in 32-bit mode.
-
Linux node
- One instance of a Linux
operating system running on IBM hardware.
-
LIP
- See loop
initialization primitive.
-
liquidity saving payment
- A payment
that has been assigned to the RTGS-Liquidity Savings (RTGS-L) channel.
-
list
- (1) In Backup, Recovery, and Media
Services, an entry in a control group that contains similar items such as
libraries, folders, or objects.
- (2) A type of object, which DB2 utilities
can process, that identifies multiple table spaces, multiple index spaces,
or both. A list is defined with the LISTDEF utility control statement.
-
list box
- A control that contains
a list of objects or settings choices that a user can select from.
-
LISTCAT
- A VSAM tool that provides
information that interprets the actual situation of VSAM data sets.
-
list command
- In Interactive Storage
Management Facility (ISMF), a command that is entered on the command line
and processed against all the entries in a list.
-
list edit mode
- In AFP Utilities,
the mode that allows a user to view and change overlay elements from a list.
-
listener
- A program that detects incoming
requests and starts the associated channel.
-
listener port
- An object that defines
the association between a connection factory, a destination, and a deployed
message-driven bean. Listener ports simplify the administration of the associations
between these resources.
-
listening policy
- A policy that collects
performance data and produces detailed information about transaction performance
times so that the performance of subtransactions can be measured.
-
list entry
- An entry on an coupling
facility list structure list.
-
list entry control
- Part of a coupling
facility list structure list entry that contains control information associated
with the list entry such as the entry key and entry ID.
-
list entry handle
- A value that uniquely
distinguishes an entry in a user interface manager (UIM) list until it is
removed from the list. A list entry handle is meaningful only for a particular
application, list, and entry combination.
-
list header
- A header that anchors
a list to a coupling list structure and contains control information associated
with the list.
-
list header number
- The number of
the list header, which identifies the particular list. The list header number
ranges from 0 to the maximum defined by the first connector to the coupling
facility list structure. The list header number must be specified on IXL requests
that access the list structure, to identify to which list the request is applicable.
-
list ID
- A two-part name by which
a distribution list is known. The two-part name allows distributions to be
sent to both local and remote systems.
-
list ID qualifier
- The second part
of a two-part name by which a distribution list is known.
-
list-of-groups checking
- A RACF option
that allows a user to access all resources available to all groups of which
the user is a member, regardless of the user's current connect group. For
any particular resource, RACF allows access based on the highest access authority
among the groups of which the user is a member.
-
list panel
- In Interactive Storage
Management Facility (ISMF), a tabular display of data set names, volume serial
numbers (VOLSERs), management class names, data class names, or storage class
names and their storage attributes.
-
list prefetch
- An access method that
takes advantage of prefetching even in queries that do not access data sequentially.
A list prefetch is done by scanning an index and collecting record identifiers
before any data pages are accessed. These record identifiers are then sorted,
and data is prefetched using this list.
-
list price
- A price that is part of
the catalog entry. See also offer price.
-
list structure
- (1) A coupling facility
structure that lets data be shared and manipulated as elements of a queue.
- (2) A coupling facility structure that enables multisystem applications
in a sysplex to share information organized as a set of lists or queues. A
list structure consists of a set of lists and an optional lock table, which
can be used for serializing resources in the list structure. Each list consists
of a queue of list entries.
-
list-type attribute
- A set of descriptive
values from which a user can select only one. See also attribute type, attribute value, entry-type attribute.
-
list view
- In AFP Utilities, the presentation
of a display shown while a user is in list edit mode.
-
literal
- (1) A character string whose
value is defined by the characters themselves. For example, the numeric constant
7 has the value 7, and the character constant 'CHARACTERS' has the value CHARACTERS.
- (2) A symbol or a quantity in a source program that is itself data,
rather than a reference to data.
- (3) In programming languages, a unit
that directly represents a value. For example, 14 represents the integer 14.
-
literal field
- In MFS, a message field
or device output field defined to contain specific data. See also default literal, explicit literal, system literal.
-
literal pattern
- In REXX, a string
delimited by apostrophes or quotation marks that is used in a parsing template
to specify how a sequence of characters is split.
-
literal string
- In REXX, a sequence
including any characters that are delimited by apostrophes or quotation marks.
-
Literal XML
- An encoding style for
serializing data over SOAP protocol. Literal XML is based on an XML schema
instance.
-
little endian
- A format for storage
or transmission of binary data in which the least significant value is placed
first. See also endian, big endian.
-
live session
- An online class in which
the instructors and all of the participants log in at the same time.
-
LLA
- See library
look-aside.
-
LLB
- See Local
Location Broker.
-
LLC
- See Logical
Link Control.
-
LLC protocol
- See Logical Link Control protocol.
-
L-lock
- See logical lock.
-
LMBCS
- See Lotus multibyte character set.
-
LMDS
- See Local
Multipoint Distribution Service.
-
LMI
- See local
management interface.
-
LMO
- See logical
management operations.
-
LMS server
- The primary server that
is in the Lotus Learning Management System and that manages core operations
for the application. See also content delivery server.
-
LM_TOV
- See loop master timeout value.
-
LN:DO
- See Lotus Notes:Data Object.
-
LNK
- See login
negative acknowledgment message.
-
LNP
- See local
number portability.
-
LNS
- See L2TP
network server.
-
load
- (1) To move data or programs into
storage.
- (2) To bring all or part of a computer program into memory
from auxiliary storage so that the computer can run the program.
- (3) To copy a version of an element to a snapshot view or Web view.
- (4) In System Manager, the smallest logical collection of objects that can make
an application option. Code and language are the two types of loads. The object
type is *PRDLOD.
-
loadable implementation library (LIL)
- The implementation module for a node or parser written in C. This is
implemented in the same way as a dynamic link library, but has a file extension
of .lil rather than .dll.
-
load agent
- The process that coordinates
the loading of data to each database partition. See also partitioning agent, pre-partitioning agent.
-
load authority
- An access level that
gives LOAD utility privileges to load data into tables. See also authority level.
-
load balancing
- (1) An optional Fast Path
facility that enables an application program to be scheduled into more than
one message or batch message region at the same time. See also transaction load balancing.
- (2) The monitoring of application
servers and management of the workload on servers. If one server exceeds its
workload, requests are forwarded to another server with more capacity.
-
load balancing group (LBG)
- A grouping
of Fast Path input messages that are ready for balanced processing by one
or more copies of a Fast Path program. There is one load balancing group
for each unique Fast Path message-driven application program. See also Fast Path.
-
load code page control (LCPC)
-
load copy
- A backup image of data
that was loaded at a previous time and can be restored during roll-forward
recovery.
-
loaded
- Pertaining to a status where
the optical image associated with the selected image catalog entry is active
or loaded in the selected virtual optical device. The installation software
will be able to access this image during the installation process.
-
loader
- A program that copies an executable
file into main storage so that the file can be run.
-
loader domain
- Major component of
CICS used by the domains of the CICS system to obtain access to storage-resident
copies of nucleus and application programs, maps, and tables. In order to
provide this, the loader domain interfaces with MVS to perform loading of
programs into CICS-managed storage (DSA/EDSA) and scanning of the MVS link
pack area.
-
loader token
- An 8-byte constant that
uniquely identifies a specific execution instance of the program module.
-
load font equivalence
- The mapping
of a descriptive font name to a font member name in a font library.
-
load identifier
- In System Manager,
the identification number assigned to a load.
-
load library
- A library containing
load modules.
-
load module
- A program in a form suitable
for loading into main storage for execution.
-
load module library
- A partitioned
data set (PDS) used to store and retrieve load modules.
-
load object
- In System Manager, an
object that contains the control information about a load or option.
-
load phase
- In Q replication, the
stage where a target table is loaded with data from a source table so that
the two tables are synchronized. The load phase can be automatic or manual.
-
load rule
- A statement in the config
spec that specifies an element or subtree to load into a snapshot view. Config
specs can have more than one load rule.
-
load-source disk unit
- The disk unit
that contains the Licensed Internal Code for the system. This unit is always
identified as unit number 1 in the disk configuration displays.
-
load utility
- A nontransactional utility
that performs block updates of table data.
-
LOB
- See large
object.
-
lobe
- In a star or ring network configuration,
two pairs of conductors that provide separate send and receive paths between
a wiring concentrator and a network port, such as an electrical outlet.
-
LOB locator
- A mechanism that allows
an application program to manipulate a large object (LOB) value in the database
system. An LOB locator is a simple token value that represents a single LOB
value. An application program retrieves an LOB locator into a host variable
and can then apply SQL functions to the associated LOB value using the locator.
-
LOB lock
- A lock on an LOB value.
-
LOB table space
- In DB2 for z/OS,
a table space in an auxiliary table that contains all the data for a particular
LOB column in the related base table.
-
local
- (1) Pertaining to a device, file,
or system that is accessed directly from a user's system, without the use
of a communication line. See also remote.
- (2) In OSI, pertaining to the node from which one views the rest of the
network.
- (3) Pertaining to information that is defined and used only
in one subdivision of a computer program. See also global.
- (4) In programming languages, pertaining to the relationship
between a language object and a block such that the language object has a
scope contained in that block.
- (5) Pertaining to an element that is
available only in its own process. See also global.
-
local address
- In SNA, an address
used in a peripheral node in place of a network address and transformed to
or from a network address by the boundary function in a subarea node.
-
local agent
- In OSI, an agent process
on the local node. See also remote agent.
-
local application entity
- In OSI,
an application entity on the local node.
-
local application process
- In OSI,
an application process on the local node. See also remote application process.
-
local application thread
- In DCE Remote
Procedure Call (RPC), an application thread that executes within the confines
of one address space on a local system and passes control exclusively among
local code segments.
-
local area network (LAN)
- A network
that connects several devices in a limited area (such as a single building
or campus) and that can be connected to a larger network.
-
local attached
- In PSF/MVS, pertaining
to an SNA-attached device that does not have a communications controller in
its configuration. For example, an IBM 3812 Page Printer connected to a channel-attached
3174 control unit that is defined to the host system through VTAM is considered
to be a local-attached printer. See also communication
attached.
-
local authentication
- The process
of validating a user's identity to the system according to the local operating
system account to which the user logged in. If the user is authenticated,
the user is mapped to a principal. See also remote
authentication.
-
local bus adapter
- The bus adapter
card in the system. The local optical link cards plug into the bus adapter
card.
-
local cache
- A user-allocated and
user-managed storage area on the local system.
-
local catalog
- A system data set that
CICS uses to record data used by the internal workings of CICS. See also global catalog.
-
local catalog domain
- Together with
the global catalog domain, a repository used by other CICS domains to hold
information to allow an orderly restart. The two catalog domains enable CICS
code to read, write, and purge records on the local and global catalog data
sets so that a record of the CICS state can be maintained when CICS is not
running.
-
local cell
- In the Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE), the cell to which the local machine belongs. See also foreign cell.
-
local CMAS
- The CICSPlex SM address
space (CMAS) that a user identifies as the current context when performing
CMAS configuration tasks.
-
local component installer (LCI)
- In Tivoli Kernel Services, the component that pulls and runs native code,
shared libraries, and installation scripts that are needed for deploying components.
-
local console
- (1) In the i5/OS Operations
Console, the personal computer that has direct communications with a System
i product. The local console uses either a dial-up connection or a direct
cable. It controls remote access to the System i product and grants control
of the System i product to remote consoles. See also Operations Console, remote console.
- (2) Any console that is dedicated to a single main within a JES3 installation.
A remote job processing (RJP) console cannot be a local console.
-
local controller
- A functional unit
within the system that controls the operation of one or more directly attached
input/output devices or communications lines. See also remote controller.
-
local custom
- A convention of a geographical
area or territory for such things as date, time, and currency formats. X/Open.
-
local data
- Data that is known only
to the routine in which it is declared.
-
local data area
- A 1024-byte data
area that can be used to pass information between programs in a job. A separate
local data area is automatically created for each job.
-
local database
- A database that is
located on the workstation in use. See also remote
database.
-
local database directory
- A directory
where a database physically resides. Databases that are displayed in the local
database directory are located on the same node as the system database directory.
See also system database directory.
-
local definition
- In WebSphere MQ,
an MQM object that belongs to a local queue manager.
-
local definition of a remote queue
- A WebSphere MQ object belonging to a local queue manager that defines the
attributes of a queue that is owned by another queue manager. In addition,
it is used for queue-manager aliasing and reply-to-queue aliasing.
-
local destination
- In an IMS multisystem
environment, a destination that resides in the local system. See also remote destination.
-
local device
- A device physically
attached to the local workstation, that is, the drives in the workstation
and any machinery connected to its parts. See also remote device.
-
local DL/I
- DL/I residing in the CICS
address space.
-
local domain name
- The primary TCP/IP
name associated with the local system. A system can have more than one system
name, but only one local domain name. The local domain name consists of two
parts, the domain and the host.
-
locale
- A setting that identifies
language or geography and determines formatting conventions such as collation,
case conversion, character classification, the language of messages, date
and time representation, and numeric representation.
-
local e-mail
- An e-mail configuration
option for storage servers that are connected to a host-system network that
does not have a domain name system (DNS) server.
-
local-end code violation
- In Performance
Tools, an unintended line code violation detected and counted by the terminal
equipment (TE) for frames received at the interface for the S/T reference
point of the integrated services digital network (ISDN).
-
local environment
- A structure within
the message tree that contains broker and, optionally, user information that
is associated with a message while it is being processed by a message flow.
In previous releases, the local environment structure was known as the Destination
List.
-
local error log
- A generic term that
refers to the logs to which WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker
writes records on the local system.
-
local exchange carrier (LEC)
- An authorized
carrier that has been commissioned to provide local voice-level telecommunications
services within a predetermined area.
-
local fabric
- Storage area network
(SAN) components (such as switches and cables) that connect the components
(nodes, hosts, switches) of the local cluster.
-
local federator
- In an enterprise
search application, a client object created by the search and index APIs that
enables users to search a set of heterogeneous collections and obtain a unified
set of search results.
-
local file system (LFS)
- In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), an organized collection of data in the form of
a root directory and its subdirectories and files. An LFS supports special
features useful in a distributed environment, such as the ability to replicate
data; to log file system data, which provides quick recovery after an abnormal
end; and to simplify administration by dividing the file system into easily
managed units called file sets.
-
local-form session identifier (LFSID)
- In SNA, a dynamically assigned value used at a type 2.1 node to identify
traffic for a particular session using a given transmission group.
-
local history
- Copies of files that
are saved in the workbench in order to compare the current version with previous
versions. Subject to configurable preferences, the workbench updates the local
history each time an editable file is saved.
-
local home interface
- In EJB programming,
an interface that specifies the methods used by local clients for locating,
creating, and removing instances of enterprise bean classes. See also remote home interface.
-
local host
- The computer to which
a user's terminal is directly connected.
-
local identifier (LID)
- (1) In distributed
relational database, an identifier or short label that is mapped by the environmental
descriptors to a named resource.
- (2) A 1-byte identifier assigned
to parts of the data stream to facilitate PSF processing. For example, the
Map Coded Font structured field assigns each coded font a local identifier.
When a coded font is required for processing, this identifier is specified
in the Set Coded Font Local text control. Other local identifiers are assigned
to suppressions and overlays. See also coded font local
identifier.
-
locality of reference
- The consistent
reference, during the execution of an application program, to instructions
and data within a relatively small number of pages for relatively long periods
of time.
-
localized
- In national language support,
pertaining to the support based on a user's national language, country or
region, culture, and character encoding.
-
local location address
- In SNA, the
address of the logical unit.
-
Local Location Broker (LLB)
- In the
AIX Network Computing System (NCS) Location Broker, a server that maintains
information about objects on the local host and provides the Location Broker
forwarding facility.
-
local location name
- The name by which
your system is known to other systems in an SNA network. Equivalent to an
SNA local logical unit name. See also remote location
name.
-
local lock
- (1) A lock that prevents the
concurrent use of resources within a single subsystem of DB2 for z/OS.
- (2) An IRLM lock that interests the IRLM that grants it only.
-
local lock management
- Lock management
that controls access to database records used by application programs in the
same online IMS system.
-
local logical unit (local LU)
- Any
logical unit (LU), other than the defined base LU, that is used for outbound
processing. See also logical unit.
-
local LU
- See local logical unit.
-
locally defined object
- On z/OS, an
object whose definition is stored on page set zero. The definition can be
accessed only by the queue manager that defined it. See also globally defined object.
-
local main
- In a complex of processors,
a processor connected to the global main by a channel-to-channel (CTC) adapter.
See also global main.
-
local management interface (LMI)
- The interface between the frame-relay data terminal equipment (DTE) and the
frame handler, which provides the status and configuration information about
the permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) available at the frame relay network.
-
local manager
- In OSI, a managing
process on the local node. See also remote manager.
-
local mode
- A mode that is used by
the CICS TG local protocol. See also remote mode.
-
Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS)
- A system for broadband microwave wireless transmission direct
from a local antenna to homes and businesses within a line-of-sight radius;
a solution to the so-called last-mile technology problem of economically bringing
high-bandwidth services to users. LMDS is an alternative to installing optical
fiber all the way to the user or to adapting cable TV for broadband Internet
service.
-
local name
- In the Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE), a name that is meaningful and usable only within the cell
where an entry exists. The local name is a shortened form of a global name.
-
local network
- That portion of a network
physically connected to the host without intermediate gateways.
-
local network address
- In OSI, a network
address that identifies the local node.
-
local network entity title
- In OSI,
the network entity title of the local node.
-
local node
- In the OSI Communications
Subsystem licensed program, the node from which one views the rest of the
OSI network--the node for which resources are defined. See also remote node.
-
local non-root registry
- A file created
during a non-root installation of a DB2 product on a UNIX or Linux system.
The file contains information such as service records (product level, installation
path), instance records (instance name, instance path), and variable records
(variable names, variable values).
-
local NSAP
- In OSI, an NSAP at the
local node.
-
local NSAP address
- In OSI, an NSAP
address of the local node.
-
local number portability (LNP)
- Subscribers'
ability to switch local or wireless carriers and still retain the same phone
number, as is possible now with long-distance carriers.
-
local object creator and killer (LOCK)
- In Tivoli Kernel Services, the component that starts, monitors, stops,
and restarts an ORB. On Microsoft Windows, LOCK runs as a service; on UNIX
systems, LOCK runs as a daemon.
-
local optical link card
- A smaller
card that plugs into the bus adapter in the system. The optical bus cables
from an expansion unit plug into this card.
-
local OSI network configuration
- In OSI, a general term for the local node and the lines, line sets, and the
subnetworks to which it is attached.
-
local presentation address
- In OSI,
the presentation address of an application entity at the local node. See also
remote presentation address.
-
local queue
- A queue that belongs
to the local queue manager. A local queue can contain a list of messages waiting
to be processed. See also remote queue.
-
local queue manager
- The queue manager
to which the program is connected. and that provides message queuing services
to the program. A queue manager to which a program is not connected is called
a remote queue manager, even if it is running on the same system as the program.
See also remote queue manager.
-
local recovery
- Resource recovery
in which all resources and participants reside on the same system.
-
local registration file (LRF)
- A file
that provides information about an agent or daemon, such as the name, the
location of the executable code, the names of processes dependent on the agent
or daemon, and details about the objects that an agent manages.
-
local/remote fabric interconnect
- The storage area network (SAN) components that are used to connect the local
and remote fabrics.
-
local request queue
- A recoverable
VSAM data set used to store pending BTS requests - for example, timers and
unserviceable requests. It is used to ensure that, if CICS fails, no pending
requests are lost.
-
local resource
- In CICS intercommunication,
a resource that is owned by the local system. See also remote resource.
-
local scope
- A name declared in a
block that has local scope and can only be used in that block. See also namespace scope.
-
local server
- In the DCE Distributed
Time Service (DTS), a server that synchronizes with its peers and provides
its clock value to other servers and clerks in the same network.
-
Local Service Manager (LSM)
- In Tivoli
Kernel Services, a component that runs on each system that is part of the
distributed system. The Local Service Manager keeps track of the services
defined locally and, by interacting with the Distributed Service Manager (DSM),
provides access to all the services defined in the distributed system of Tivoli
Kernel Services.
-
local service provider
- In OSI, a
managing process on the local node.
-
local service requester
- In OSI, a
service requester process on the local node. See also remote service requester.
-
local session identification (LSID)
- In SNA, a field in a format identification 3 (FID3) field transmission header
that indicates the type of session and the local address of the directly attached
logical unit (LU) or physical unit (PU). See also origin address field.
-
local shared resource (LSR)
- (1) A file
that shares a common pool of buffers and a common pool of strings; that is,
control blocks supporting I/O operations, with other files. See also nonshared resources.
- (2) In the Virtual Storage Access Method
(VSAM), a resource in the local resource pool. See also VSAM record-level sharing, global shared resource, shared resource.
-
local space object
- An object located
in the System i product domain storage that is used to maintain and to track
CICS storage elements in both system and user storage objects.
-
local start
- A restart of a local
processor. Initialization is unnecessary and user jobs are not affected.
-
local subsystem
- The unique relational
database management system to which a user or an application program is directly
connected. In the case of DB2 for z/OS, the connection is established by means
of an attachment facility.
-
local system
- (1) For interactive jobs,
the system to which the display device is directly attached. For batch jobs,
the system on which the job is being processed.
- (2) In an IMS multisystem
environment, a specific system in the multiple configuration.
- (3) In a multisystem environment, the system on which an application program is
executing. A local application can process data from databases located on
either the same (local) system or another (remote) system. See also remote system.
-
local system queue area (LSQA)
- (1) An
element of the CICS address space. It generally contains the control blocks
for storage and contents supervision. See also high
private area.
- (2) In MVS, one or more segments associated with
each virtual storage region that contain job-related system control blocks.
-
local transaction (LTRAN)
- (1) A recoverable
unit of work managed by a resource manager and not coordinated by an external
transaction manager. See also remote transaction.
- (2) In a multisystem environment, a transaction that is processed
totally by the system in which it is defined. See also remote transaction.
-
local transaction containment (LTC)
- A bounded scope that is managed by the container to define the application
server behavior in an unspecified transaction context.
-
local update
- An update to a base
table, not to its replica.
-
local variable
- (1) A user-defined temporary
variable that can be accessed only by the program (state table, prompt, or
3270 script) for which it is defined. See also input
parameter, system variable.
- (2) A variable
unique to the map it is defined in (it is not shared across maps) and one
of the three types of variables supported by the Data Interchange Services
mapping command language. It is used to hold and manipulate values assigned
to it during translation.
-
local view
- A description of the data
that a particular business process requires. It includes a list of the data
elements, a conceptual data structure that shows how the data elements are
grouped according to the entities they describe, and the relationships among
the groups of data elements.
-
local work area
- Area provided for
the use of a single task-related user exit program. It is associated with
a single task and lasts for the duration of the task only.
-
local workstation
- A workstation that
is connected directly to the system without a need for data transmission functions.
See also remote workstation.
-
locate mode
- A transmittal mode in
which a pointer to a record is provided instead of copying the record. See
also move mode.
-
location
- (1) In Backup, Recovery, and
Media Services, a user-defined storage site where media and containers can
be stored awaiting reuse or movement to other locations.
- (2) A particular
occurrence or example of a location definition. If there is a location definition
called USA Call Center, an example of a location would be Toledo Call Center.
-
location alias
- Another name by which
a database server identifies itself in the network. Applications can use this
name to access a DB2 database server.
-
location document
- A document in a
user's Personal Address Book that contains communication and other location-specific
settings used when users work with Notes in a specific place. Users can create
as many location documents as needed.
-
location name
- (1) The unique name of
a database server. An application uses the location name to access a DB2 database
server. See also LU name.
- (2) In DFSMSrmm,
a name given to a place for removable media that DFSMSrmm manages. A location
name can be the name of a system-managed library, a storage location name,
or the identifier for the shelf space outside a system-managed library or
storage location.
-
location path
- An XPath expression
that selects a set of nodes based on the evaluation of a series of navigation
steps and filters, starting from the current context node. Navigation steps
are separated by the / character. Steps may expressed using a sequence of
XML tags or abbreviations defined by XPath.
-
location service daemon
- A component
of the Remote Method Invocation and Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (RMI/IIOP)
communication function that works with workload management to distribute RMI
requests among application servers in a cell.
-
locator
- A page number or link leading
from an index entry to the location of specific information in a topic.
-
locator variable
- A host variable
that contains the locator representing a LOB value on the application server.
-
lock
- (1) A means of preventing uncommitted
changes made by one application process from being perceived by another application
process and for preventing one application process from updating data that
is being accessed by another process. A lock ensures the integrity of data
by preventing concurrent users from accessing inconsistent data.
- (2) The process by which integrity of data is ensured by preventing more than
one user from accessing or changing the same data or object at the same time.
- (3) A mechanism with which a resource is restricted for use by the
holder of the lock.
- (4) A means of serializing a sequence of events
or serializing access to data.
- (5) To temporarily restrict resources
to provide protection from concurrent users of the system.
-
LOCK
- See local
object creator and killer.
-
lock duration
- The interval over which
a DB2 lock is held.
-
locked
- The state of a function in
which no programmatic changes can be made. If a function is locked it cannot
be changed through normal user interfaces.
-
locked keyboard
- A keyboard condition
where the display station accepts no input.
-
locked set
- A group of CD-ROMs that
contains licensed programs and options that require a license key after 70
days of use.
-
lock escalation
- (1) The response that
occurs when the number of locks issued for one agent exceeds the limit specified
in the database configuration; the limit is defined by the maxlocks configuration
parameter. During a lock escalation, locks are freed by converting multiple
locks on rows of a table into one lock on a table. This process is repeated
until the limit is no longer exceeded.
- (2) The promotion of a lock
from a row, page, or LOB lock to a table space lock because the number of
page locks that are concurrently held on a given resource exceeds a preset
limit.
-
lock management
- The reservation of
a segment by a program. Other programs are kept from using the segment until
the program using it is done.
-
lock manager domain
- Major component
of CICS that provides locking and associated queueing for CICS resources.
Before using these facilities, a resource must add a named lock for itself.
This lock can then be requested as either exclusive or shared. If an exclusive
lock is obtained, no other task many obtain the lock with that name; if a
shared lock is obtained, multiple tasks may obtain that lock.
-
lock mode
- A representation for the
type of access that concurrently running programs can have to a resource that
a lock is holding.
-
lock object
- The resource that is
controlled by a lock.
-
lock promotion
- The process of changing
the size or mode of a DB2 lock to a higher, more restrictive level.
-
lock sequence number (LSN)
- A unique
number, issued sequentially, given to a database resource to identify that
it is in use (locked) by a requestor. A locked resource cannot be used until
the current requestor has finished using it.
-
lock size
- The amount of data that
is controlled by a lock on table data. Examples of lock size values are table,
row, and page.
-
lock state
- A condition defined for
an object that determines how it is locked, how it is used (read or write),
and whether the object can be shared (used by more than one job).
-
lock structure
- A coupling facility
data structure that is composed of a series of lock entries to support shared
and exclusive locking for logical resources.
-
log
- (1) A file used to record changes
made in a system.
- (2) A collection of records that sequentially describes
the events that occur in a system.
- (3) In Backup, Recovery, and Media
Services, a history of backup, archive, recovery, and media management operations.
A log can be displayed online or printed.
- (4) In WebSphere MQ, a file
recording the work done by queue managers while they receive, transmit, and
deliver messages, to enable them to recover in the event of failure.
- (5) A record of events.
-
Log and Trace Analyzer tool
- The core
technology of the IBM Autonomic Computing initiative that defines the interfaces
for logging and tracing, providing a central point of interaction with multiple
data sources. See also Problem Determination.
-
logarithm
- The exponent that indicates
the power to which a number is raised to produce a given number.
-
logarithmic axis
- In the GDDM function,
an axis on which ascending powers of 10 are equally spaced.
-
log control file
- In WebSphere MQ
on UNIX systems, and WebSphere MQ for Windows, the file containing information
needed to monitor the use of log files (for example, their size and location,
and the name of the next available file).
-
log control interval definition (LCID)
- A suffix of the physical log record that tells how record segments are
placed in the physical control interval.
-
log file
- (1) The text file that records
messages and errors from the license server, and sometimes from licensed products.
- (2) The file where the log of events is recorded.
- (3) In
WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems, and WebSphere MQ for Windows, a file in which
all significant changes to the data controlled by a queue manager are recorded.
If the primary log files become full, WebSphere MQ allocates secondary log
files.
-
logged-on operator
- An operator station
task that requires a terminal and a logged-on user. See also autotask.
-
logger
- (1) A functional unit that records
events and physical conditions, usually with respect to time.
- (2) A named and stateful object with which the user code interacts and that logs
messages for a specific system or application component.
-
logging
- (1) The recording of data about
specific events on the system, such as errors.
- (2) The recording (by
CICS) of recovery information onto the system log, for use during emergency
restart. A specific journaling function that records changes made to the system
activity environment and database environment. These records are required
for recovery and backout support by CICS (and the user) following an abnormal
termination.
-
logging agent
- An agent that programmers
can create in order to write data (for example Java primitives, objects, or
predefined logging structures) to one or more output sources (for example
text or XML), for an application under test.
-
logging bean
- A bean that generates
log events and routes them to the feedback log manager for processing by active
log listeners.
-
logging level
- A value that controls
which events are processed by Java logging.
-
log handler
- A class that uses loggers,
levels, and filters to direct whether events are processed or suppressed.
-
log head
- The oldest written log record
in the active log.
-
logic
- The systematized interconnection
of digital switching functions, circuits, or devices.
-
logical address
- On an ESCON or FICON
interface, the portion of a source or destination address in a frame used
to select a specific channel subsystem or control-unit image.
-
logical agent
- An agent that represents
the client or application connection.
-
logical application structure (LAS)
- A structure of the application to be deployed that is made up of software
definitions. See also application topology.
-
logical architecture
- Specialization
of an architecture through the addition of constraints that enable verification
of consistency and validity for the architecture's components, relationships
and their respective types.
-
logical association
- In a data-sharing
environment, the association IMS makes between a VSO DEDB area and a multi-area
structure when an XES connection exists between IMS and the structure.
-
logical block address (LBA)
- The block
number on a disk.
-
logical channel
- In a packet-switching
data network, a path over which data flows between the network and the sending
or receiving data terminal equipment.
-
logical child
- In a database, a pointer
segment that establishes an access path between its physical parent and its
logical parent. It is a physical child of its physical parent; it is a logical
child of its logical parent.
-
logical claim
- A claim on a logical
partition of a nonpartitioning index. See also claim.
-
logical control unit (LCU)
- See control-unit image.
-
logical database
- (1) A set of logical
database record occurrences. It is composed of one or more physical databases;
it represents hierarchic, structured relationships between data segments which
can be different from the physical structure in which the segments were loaded.
See also physical database.
- (2) A database
composed of one or more physical databases representing a hierarchical structure
that is derived from relationships between data segments, and that can be
different from the physical structure.
-
logical database record
- In a database,
a set of hierarchically related segments of one or more segment types. As
viewed by the application program, the logical database record is always a
hierarchic tree structure of segments. All of the segments that exist hierarchically
dependent to a given root segment and that root segment. See also database record.
-
logical data group
- A collection of
data elements that gathers database system monitoring information for a specific
scope of database activity. The snapshot monitor and event monitor each has
its own sets of logical data groups. See also monitor
element.
-
logical data stream (LDS)
- In bidirectional
text representation, a stream of data that is organized in a readable sequence.
See also visual data stream.
-
logical data structure
- In a database,
a hierarchic structure of segments. Application programs written to use IMS
deal only with logical data structures.
-
logical data unit
- A unit of storage
that is accessible on a given device.
-
logical deployment template (LDT)
- A template that describes the deployment of application modules on servers
and clusters. The template can be reused for applications composed of the
same types of application modules.
-
logical derivation
- A derivation from
a physical document that can have additional service description metadata
allocated to the derivation. See also logical model.
-
logical device
- (1) The facilities of
a logical subsystem with which a host communicates when performing I/O operations
to a single addressable unit over an I/O interface. The same logical device
may be accessible over more than one I/O interface.
- (2) A set of input
or output operations for a physical or virtual device. For example, the Router
logical device has logical device operations for creating a route and removing
a route. Logical devices can be an abstraction of a physical device, such
as a router, or virtual device, such as a software product.
-
logical device component (LDC)
- A
subcomponent (for example, a printer or a console) configured with a 3601,
3770 batch, 3770, 3790 batch or LU Type4 terminal. Each subcomponent is handled
by BMS output commands as if it is a separate terminal.
-
logical device operation
- A generic
instruction for a logical device that is independent of its implementation.
For example, a logical device operation to add an IP address applies to all
operating systems, but the steps for performing this instruction on each operating
system are defined by workflows in a device driver for the operation system.
-
logical drain
- A drain on a logical
partition of a nonpartitioning index. See also drain.
-
logical drive
- A unit of virtual storage
that is made available to the network through virtual logical unit numbers
(VLUNs) and iSCSI client logical-unit number (iLUNs). A logical drive consists
of one or more physical disks that are combined using Redundant Array of Independent
Disks (RAID) technology.
-
logical expression
- An expression
consisting of logical operators, relational operators, or both that can be
evaluated to a value of either true or false.
-
logical file
- A database file that
describes how data is to be presented or received from a program. A logical
file contains no data, but it defines record formats for one or more physical
files. See also physical file.
-
logical file member
- A named logical
grouping of data records from one or more physical file members.
-
logical index partition
- The set of
all keys that reference the same data partition.
-
logical interface
- An Internet Protocol
(IP) address on a given system. Typically, a logical interface has an associated
physical interface.
-
logical I/O
- In Performance Tools,
the operation used to pass a buffer of data from data management to the data
management code of an application program.
-
logical link
- In a multisystem environment,
the means by which a physical link is related to the transactions and terminals
that can use that physical link. See also physical
link.
-
Logical Link Control (LLC)
- A protocol
for data-link-level transmission control. The protocol was developed by the
IEEE 802 committee, and is common to all LAN standards.
-
Logical Link Control protocol (LLC protocol)
- In a local area network, the protocol that governs the assembling
of transmission frames and their exchange between data stations independently
of the medium access control protocol.
-
logical link path
- In a multisystem
environment, the path between any two systems. One or more logical link paths
must be defined for each logical link.
-
logical lock (L-lock)
- The lock type
that transactions use to control intra-DB2 and inter-DB2 data concurrency
between transactions. See also physical lock.
-
logical logging
- The process of moving
log records into the log buffers. See also physical
logging.
-
logically complete
- A state in which
the concurrent copy process is finished with the initialization of the target
objects that are being copied. The target objects are available for update.
-
logically partitioned mode (LPAR)
- A capability provided by the Processor Resource/System Manager (PR/SM) that
allows a single processor to run multiple operating systems using separate
sets of system resources, or logical partitions. See also basic mode.
-
logical management operations (LMO)
- Interfaces specified by system integration module PortType Web services description
language (WSDL) operations and discreet operations that are transformed to
management software system operations and workflows.
-
logical message
- (1) A collection of formatted
output data produced by chaining several smaller pieces of data. A user builds
a logical message by issuing a series of BMS SEND commands.
- (2) An
input or output message that is in a queue associated with a logical rather
than a physical terminal. The message queue can be moved, independent of an
application, from device to device.
-
logical model
- A set of logical derivations.
See also logical derivation.
-
logical mount
- A mount that attaches
a file system to the root directory or to a directory of another file system
so that the files and directories on the file system can be referenced. The
attached file system can consist of a file or many files and directories.
-
logical occupancy
- The occupancy of
logical files in a storage pool. This space does not include the unused space
created when logical files are deleted from aggregate files, so it might be
less than the physical occupancy. See also physical
occupancy.
-
logical operator
- A symbol, such as
AND, OR, or NOT, that represents an operation on logical expressions.
-
logical order
- In COBOL, the order
in which records are sequentially read from a file. For sequential and relative
files, the logical order corresponds to the physical order of the records
in the file. For indexed files, the logical order is based on the order of
the keys in the index of the file.
-
logical page
- (1) In COBOL, a conceptual
entity consisting of the top margin, the page body, and the bottom margin.
- (2) The defined presentation space on the physical form. All the
text and images in the print data must fit within the boundaries of the logical
page, which has specified characteristics, such as size, shape, orientation,
and offset.
- (3) In the IMS message format service, a user-defined
group of related message segment and field definitions. See also physical page.
-
logical page list (LPL)
- A list of
pages that are in error and that cannot be referenced by applications until
the pages are recovered. These pages are in logical error even though the
actual media (coupling facility or DASD) might not contain any errors. Usually,
a connection to the media has been lost.
-
logical page origin
- The point on
the logical page from which positions of images, graphics, page overlays,
and text with 0-degree inline direction are measured.
-
logical paging
- In MFS, the means
by which output message segments are grouped for formatting. See also operator logical paging.
-
logical parent
- In a database, the
segment a logical child points to. It can also be a physical parent. Furthermore,
it contains the common reference data. The pointer in the logical child to
the logical parent can be symbolic or direct.
-
logical partition (LP, LPAR)
- (1) A set
of key or RID pairs in a nonpartitioning index that is associated with a particular
partition.
- (2) One or more subsets of a single system that contains
hardware resources and operates as an independent system. See also path group.
- (3) In a partitioned database environment, a database
partition server on a processor that has more than one database partition
server assigned to it.
- (4) A subset of the processor hardware that
is defined to support an operating system.
-
logical partition firmware
- The code
that is loaded into an AIX or Linux logical partition from the server firmware.
-
logical partitioning
- A function of
an operating system that creates segments of resources that can be run on
copies, or instances, of the operating system and associated applications.
-
logical path
- In ESS Copy Services,
a relationship between a source logical subsystem and target logical subsystem
that is created over a physical path through the interconnection fabric used
for Copy Services functions.
-
logical printer
- In NetSpool, the
target of the VTAM print data, which acts as the secondary logical unit (SLU)
on the session.
-
logical record
- (1) In COBOL, the most
inclusive data item. The level number for a logical record is 01.
- (2) A group of logically related fields. Portions of the same logical record may
be located in different physical records, and several logical records or parts
of several logical records may be located in one physical record.
-
logical record interface (LRI)
- A
function of the overflow sequential access method (OSAM) that supports variable-length
spanned records.
-
logical recovery
- Restoration of a
facility to its status at a point just prior to any in-flight transaction
activity.
-
logical recovery pending (LRECP)
- The state in which data and the index keys that refer to that data are inconsistent.
-
logical redundancy check (LRC)
- A
data integrity protection capability on storage devices. A logical redundancy
check uses a bit column to create and check parity across bytes of stored
data.
-
logical relationship
- In a database,
a user-defined path between two independent segments.
-
logical resource
- In OSI, an abstract
resource--such as a layer entity. See also physical
resource.
-
logical server
- (1) In replication, on
Linux, UNIX, and Windows, a DB2 database.
- (2) On z/OS, a subsystem
that is running DB2 for z/OS.
-
logical storage
- (1) The amount of central
storage required by a job or a job step to execute efficiently on a processor.
- (2) With respect to data, the attributes that describe the data and
its usage, as opposed to the physical location of the data. See also physical storage.
-
logical subsystem (LSS)
- The logical
functions of a storage controller that allow one or more host I/O interfaces
to access a set of devices. The controller groups the devices according to
the addressing mechanisms of the associated I/O interfaces. One or more LSSs
exist on a storage controller. In general, the controller associates a given
set of devices with only one LSS.
-
logical table
- In Q replication, all
of the copies of one table that are distributed across servers in bidirectional
or peer-to-peer replication. If a user replicates two logical tables, then
copies of both tables are distributed across the servers.
-
logical terminal (LT, LTERM)
- (1) A message
destination logically associated with a physical terminal or user. An LTERM
is represented by a CNT control block. See also remote
logical terminal.
- (2) In SWIFT, the logical entity through which
users send and receive SWIFT messages. A logical terminal is identified by
its LT name.
-
logical terminal pool
- A user-defined
group of logical terminals to be associated with non-VTAM switched communication
lines through the /IAM command. Each logical terminal pool consists of one
or more logical terminal subpools.
-
logical terminal subpool
- A user-defined
group of logical terminals to be associated with non-VTAM switched communication
lines through the /IAM command. Each logical terminal pool consists of one
or more logical terminal subpools.
-
logical terminal table (LTT)
- A MERVA
table used to define logical terminals, their synonyms, and other attributes.
-
logical twins
- In a database, all
occurrences of one type of logical child with a common logical parent occurrence.
See also physical twins.
-
logical unit (LU)
- (1) An access point
through which a user or application program accesses the SNA network to communicate
with another user or application program.
- (2) A unit of linear measurement.
For example, in Mixed Object Document Content Architecture (MO:DCA) and AFP
data streams, the following measurements are used: 1 L-unit = 1/1440 inch,
1 L-unit = 1/240 inch.
- (3) In open systems, a logical disk drive.
- (4) A device or controller to which Small Computer System Interface
(SCSI) commands are addressed, such as a virtual disk (VDisk) or managed disk
(MDisk).
-
logical unit 6.2 (LU 6.2)
- A type
of SNA logical unit that supports general communication between programs in
a distributed processing environment.
-
logical unit base
- The linear measurement
base. The value defines, for any object, the meaning of the logical unit (LU)
values.
-
logical unit number (LUN)
- In the
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) standard, a unique identifier used
to differentiate devices, each of which is a logical unit (LU).
-
logical unit of work (LUW)
- (1) The processing
that a program performs between synchronization points.
- (2) The work
that occurs between the start of a transaction and commit or rollback and
between subsequent commit and rollback actions. This work defines the set
of operations that must be considered part of an integral set.
- (3) A recoverable unit of work performed within CICS.
-
logical unit of work identifier (LUWID)
- A name that uniquely identifies a thread within a network. This name
consists of a fully qualified logical unit network name, a logical unit of
work instance number, and a logical unit of work sequence number.
-
logical unit of work state (LUW state)
- The condition of a logical unit of work (LUW). The LUW state reflects
the actions that have been done in that LUW and determines what the next set
of actions may be.
-
Logical Unit type 2 (LU type 2, LU2)
- An SNA session that uses a 3270 device data stream to support communication
between an application and a display.
-
logical view
- An architectural view
that describes the main classes in the design of the system: major business-related
classes, and the classes that define key behavioral and structural mechanisms
(persistency, communications, fault-tolerance, user-interface).
-
logical volume (LV, LVOL)
- (1) A collection
of physical partitions organized into logical partitions, all contained in
a single volume group. Logical volumes are expandable and can span several
physical volumes in a volume group.
- (2) The combined space on all
volumes for either the database or the recovery log. The database is one logical
volume and the recovery log is one logical volume.
- (3) The storage
medium associated with a single logical unit (LU). An LVOL typically resides
on one or more storage devices.
-
Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
- A set
of system commands, library routines, and other tools that allow the user
to establish and control logical volume (LVOL) storage. The LVM maps data
between the logical view of storage space and the physical disk drive module
(DDM).
-
logic part
- An EGL declaration that
defines a runtime sequence. The types of logic parts are program, function,
library, and page handler.
-
log in
- To connect to a computer system
or network by entering identification and authentication information at the
workstation.
-
login acknowledgment message (LAK)
- This message informs you that you have successfully logged in to the SWIFT
network.
-
login binding
- A definition of the
implementation to provide login information per authentication methods.
-
login facility
- A function in Distributing
Computing Environment (DCE) that initializes a user's security environment
in DCE. A login facility employs the user's password to authenticate the user
to the DCE Security Service and returns authentication information associated
with the user.
-
log initialization
- The first phase
of restart processing, during which DB2 for z/OS attempts to locate the current
end of the log.
-
login mapping
- A Java Authentication
and Authorization Service (JAAS) login configuration that is used to authenticate
a security token in a Web service security header.
-
login name
- (1) A string of characters
that uniquely identifies a user to the system.
- (2) In Lotus Learning
Management System, the name a user enters to log in to the Lotus Learning
Management System. Not to be confused with user ID.
-
login negative acknowledgment message (LNK)
- This message indicates that the login to the SWIFT network has failed.
-
logistics manager
- A defined role
in WebSphere Commerce that manages fulfillment. The logistics manager has
access to all operational tasks, including the duties of the pick packer,
receiver, and returns administrator. See also pick
packer, returns administrator, receiver.
-
log manager
- A new domain in CICS
Transaction Server for z/OS, which replaces the CICS journal control management
function of current CICS releases. The CICS log manager uses MVS system logger
services to write CICS system logs, forward recovery logs, and user journals
to log streams managed by the MVS system logger.
-
logmode table
- See logon mode table.
-
logname
- The name of the CICS system
log currently in use. See also exchange log name.
-
logo
- A letter, combination of letters,
or symbol that identifies a product or company.
-
logoff
- The process of disconnecting
from a computer system or network.
-
log of logs
- A form of user journal
containing copies of the tie-up records written to forward recovery logs.
It provides a summary of which recoverable Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM)
data sets the Customer Information Control System (CICS) has used, when they
were used, and to which log stream the forward-recovery log records were written.
The log of logs is written by CICS to provide information to forward recovery
programs such as CICS VSAM Recovery (CICSVR).
-
logon
- (1) The process of connecting to
a computer system or network.
- (2) The procedure by which a user begins
a terminal session.
-
log on
- To connect to a computer system
or network.
-
logon descriptor
- An ETO descriptor
that provides information required by IMS to build terminal-related control
blocks. See also ETO descriptor.
-
logon mode
- In VTAM, a subset of session
parameters specified in a logon mode table for communication with a logical
unit (LU).
-
logon mode table
- In VTAM programs,
a set of entries for one or more logon modes.
-
log out
- To disconnect from a computer
system or network.
-
log record
- (1) A discrete piece of information
that describes an event that occurs in a system. For example, a record of
an update to a database performed during a unit of work (UOW) is written after
the log tail of the active log.
- (2) An entry in a log view that consists
of properties and their values. A log record does not contain instances of
other log records but has nested levels of entries or children.
-
log record header (LRH)
- A prefix,
in every log record, that contains control information.
-
log record identifier (LRID)
- A sequence
number used to identify a log record and to maintain the order of log records
for a subsystem.
-
log record sequence number (LRSN)
- A unique identifier for a log record that is associated with a data sharing
member. DB2 for z/OS uses the LRSN for recovery in the data sharing environment.
See also log sequence number.
-
log router
- In an RSR environment,
the component of the tracking subsystem that receives log data from active
subsystems, stores the data in tracked log data sets, and routes the log records
to tracking components.
-
log sequence number (LSN)
- (1) See log record identifier.
- (2) In DB2 Database
for Linux, UNIX, and Windows, an ordered identifier for a log record. The
log sequence number is used by recovery operations. See also log record sequence number.
-
log shipping
- The process of copying
whole log files to a standby machine, either from an archive device or through
a user exit program running against the primary database. See also high availability disaster recovery.
-
log table
- A table created by DB2
Net Search Extender or DB2 Text Search that contains information about text
documents to be indexed.
-
log tail
- The log record that was
written most recently in an active log.
-
log token
- A token that identifies
a particular log record in the z/OS log stream that is used to locate that
log record.
-
log truncation
- A process by which
an explicit starting relative byte address (RBA) is established. This RBA
is the point at which the next byte of log data is to be written.
-
log write-ahead (LWA)
- The process
of logging records of completed operations to the write-ahead data set before
entering them in the online log data set.
-
log year
- The year that a document
was filed. Used to identify a printed document number. For example, 88-0001,
where 88 is the log year and 0001 is the sequence number. All documents filed
in 1988 have a log year of 88.
-
long comment
- Up to a full-screen
description of a field, record format, or file. Long comments are typed when
the field, record format, or file is created or changed, and displayed either
from IDDU or Query.
-
long format
- In binary floating-point
storage formats, the 64-bit representation of a binary floating-point number,
not-a-number, or infinity.
-
long-form identifier
- A variable-length
identifier that includes three parts: An encoding scheme identifier. One or
more coded graphic character set global identifiers. Each coded graphic character
set global identifier is a concatenation of a graphic character set global
identifier and a code page global identifier. Additional coding-related required
information.
-
long host name
- A fully qualified
host name (for example, node15.ibm.com).
-
longitudinal parity check
- See longitudinal redundancy check.
-
longitudinal redundancy check (LRC)
- (1) See logical redundancy check.
- (2) A method
of error-checking during data transfer that involves checking parity on a
row of binary digits that are members of a set that form a matrix.
-
long name
- The property that specifies
the logical name for the server on the z/OS platform in WebSphere Application
Server.
-
long running mirror
- A mirror task
that waits for the next syncpoint in a session, even though it logically does
not need to do so (applicable only to MRO links).
-
long-running process
- A process that
can come to a complete stop while waiting for input or instructions. The most
common form of this interruption would be a human interaction or decision.
-
long string
- A variable-length string
whose maximum length is greater than 254 bytes.
-
long table space
- See large table space.
-
long unit of work identifier (long UOW ID)
- A 27-byte value that CICS uses to identify a distributed UOW. This is
built from a short UOW id prefixed by two 1-byte length fields and by the
fully-qualified NETNAME of the CICS region.
-
long UOW ID
- See long unit of work identifier.
-
longwave laser adapter
- A connector
used between a host and the ESS to support longwave fibre-channel communication.
-
long wavelength (LWL)
- A type of fiber-optic
cabling that is based on 1300-mm lasers and supports link speeds of 1.0625
Gbps. LWL also refers to the type of gigabit interface converter (GBIC) or
small form-factor pluggable (SFP). See also short wavelength.
-
lookahead field
- In RPG, a field that
allows the program to look at information in a field on the next record in
an input file.
-
look-aside query
- In BMS, a query
performed in one partition by an operator working in another partition. Using
partitions, a partially completed operation need not be transmitted to the
host processor before releasing the screen for an inquiry.
-
lookup relationship
- The association
between data, such as attributes in business objects. The data can be related
on a one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many basis. Each participant in the
relationship is associated with a simple data type, not a business object.
Lookup relationships typically transform non-key attributes whose values are
represented with codes, such as marital status or currency code. Use a lookup
relationship if the data in the attributes is static, that is, if new values
are not often added or existing values removed.
-
lookup table
- A database table used
to map one or more input values to one or more output values.
-
loop
- (1) A connectivity topology that
connects a series of systems or expansion units together. Signals can travel
in either direction for optimized performance. Redundancy is provided to each
unit by treating the connection as a string when a failure occurs somewhere
in the loop.
- (2) A sequence of instructions performed repeatedly.
- (3) A closed unidirectional signal path connecting input and output
devices to a system.
- (4) A configuration of devices connected to the
fabric by way of a fabric loop port (FL_port) interface card.
- (5) The physical connection between a pair of device adapters in the ESS. See
also device adapter.
-
loopback address
- A specific address
that allows testing of communications on a local machine.
-
loopback interface
- An interface that
bypasses unnecessary communications functions when the information is addressed
to an entity within the same system.
-
loopback test
- A test in which signals
from a tester are looped at a modem or other network element back to the tester
for measurements that determine or verify the quality of the communications
path.
-
loop failure
- A loss of signal within
a loop for any period of time or loss of synchronization for longer than the
timeout value.
-
loop ID
- (1) A hex value representing
one of the 127 possible arbitrated loop physical address (AL_PA) values in
an arbitrated loop.
- (2) A unique code that identifies an EDI loop.
-
loop initialization
- The logical procedure
used by a loop port (L_port) to discover its environment. Loop initialization
can be used to assign arbitrated loop physical addresses (AL_PAs), detect
loop failure, or reset a node.
-
loop initialization primitive (LIP)
- A fibre channel primitive used to indicate a loop failure, reset a specific
node, or initiate a procedure that results in unique addressing for all nodes.
-
looplet
- A set of devices connected
in a loop to a port that is a member of another loop.
-
loop master timeout value (LM_TOV)
- The minimum time that the loop master waits for a loop initialization sequence
to return.
-
loop port (L_port)
- A port used to
connect a node to a Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL). See also nonparticipating mode, participating mode.
-
loop port state machine (LPSM)
- The
logical entity that performs arbitrated loop protocols and defines the behavior
of loop ports (L_ports) when they require access to an arbitrated loop.
-
loop repeat
- A number indicating the
maximum number of times a loop can be used in succession.
-
loop tenancy
- See tenancy.
-
looptest mode
- The test mode that
permits the establishment of an output write loop, whereby continuous attempts
are made to transmit a user-entered message to the test terminal.
-
loop unrolling
- An optimization that
increases the step of a loop, and duplicates the expressions within a loop
to reflect the increase in the step. This can improve instruction scheduling
and memory access time.
-
loose coupling
- A coupling that supports
an extensible software architecture.
-
loosely coupled multiprocessing
- Two or more computing systems interconnected by an I/O channel-to-channel
adapter. The processors can be of different types and have their own unique
configurations.
-
Lotus Domino for i5/OS (Domino for i5/OS)
- The System i implementation of the Lotus Domino server. Lotus Domino
for i5/OS is a full-function Domino server that follows the Domino architecture.
The server software includes e-mail, groupware, workflow, calendar and scheduling,
and Web server functions.
-
Lotus multibyte character set (LMBCS)
- The format in which Notes stores all internal text, except file attachments
and objects. As a result, any user can edit, forward, and mail documents and
work with databases in any language.
-
Lotus Notes:Data Object (LN:DO)
- An LSX-compliant module that allows the use of LotusScript scripts for external
data access applications.
-
LotusObject
- Any object that is an
instance of a Lotus-product class. LotusObjects can be manipulated using LotusScript.
LotusObjects share a common design. Many are implemented either the same way
across products, or almost the same way, with slight variations from product
to product.
-
Lotus QuickPlace place
- A Web venue
that is provided by Lotus QuickPlace that enables geographically dispersed
participants to collaborate on projects and communicate online in a structured
and secure workspace. See also place.
-
Lotus QuickPlace room
- A partitioned
area of a Lotus QuickPlace place that is restricted to authorized members
who share a common interest and a need to work collectively.
-
LotusScript
- A version of BASIC that
offers not only standard capabilities of structured programming languages,
but a powerful set of language extensions that enable object-oriented development
within and across products. Its interface to Notes is through predefined object
classes.
-
LotusScript Data Object (LS:DO)
- The ODBCConnection, ODBCQuery, and ODBCResultSet classes, collectively called
the LotusScript Data Object (LS:DO). These classes provide properties and
methods for accessing and updating tables in external databases through the
ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) Version 2.0 standard.
-
Lotus Workplace
- A platform for collaboration
built on Java Platform, Enterprise Edition and relational databases.
-
low bit rate (LBR)
- A generic term
for an interleaved H.263/G.723 stream. Low bit rate streams range from 6.4
kbps up to 384 kbps.
-
low earth orbit (LEO)
- An orbit between
700 and 2,000 kilometers above the Earth that is used by mobile communications
satellites.
-
low-entry networking node (LEN node)
- A node in an APPN network that uses the LU session type 6.2 node type 2.1
architecture without the APPN extension.
-
lowercase dictionary
- A dictionary
in which all the entries are stored in lowercase form regardless of their
correct spelling, for example: 'Canada' is stored in a lowercase dictionary
as 'canada'.
-
low-level application programming interface (LAPI)
- An IBM message-passing interface that implements a one-sided
communication model.
-
low-on-scratch management
- The process
by which DFSMSrmm replenishes scratch volumes in a system-managed library
when it detects that there are not enough scratch volumes available.
-
low-order
- The least significant,
or rightmost, example. For example, in a 32-bit register (0 through 31), bit
31 is the low-order bit.
-
LP
- (1) See licensed
program.
- (2) See logical partition.
-
LPA
- See link
pack area.
-
LPAR
- (1) See logical
partition.
- (2) See logically partitioned
mode.
-
LPC
- See link
protocol converter.
-
LPD
- See line
printer daemon.
-
LPDA
- See Link
Problem Determination Aid.
-
LPDA-1
- See Link Problem Determination Aid-1.
-
LPDA-2
- See Link Problem Determination Aid-2.
-
LPEX Editor
- The default editor for
source files in the Remote System Explorer; can be used to create and edit
many kinds of files, including program source files, documentation, and data
files. In addition to basic editing functions, the LPEX Editor offers language
parsing, location marking, elaborate search, and keystroke recording facilities.
-
lpi
- See lines
per inch.
-
LPI
- See lexical
parsing item.
-
LPL
- See logical
page list.
-
LPO
- See licensed
program offering.
-
L_port
- See loop port.
-
LPP
- See licensed
program product.
-
LPQ
- See line
printer queue.
-
LPR
- See line
printer requester.
-
LPRM
- See line
printer removal.
-
LPS
- See lexical
parsing stream.
-
LPSM
- See loop
port state machine.
-
LRC
- (1) See logical
redundancy check.
- (2) See longitudinal redundancy
check.
-
LRECP
- See logical recovery pending.
-
LRF
- See local
registration file.
-
LRH
- See log
record header.
-
LRI
- See logical
record interface.
-
LRID
- See log
record identifier.
-
LR message
- Last received control
message, which contains the message-sequence number of the application or
acknowledgment message that was last received from the partner application.
-
LRSN
- See log
record sequence number.
-
LRU
- See least
recently used.
-
LSA
- See link-state
advertisement.
-
LS:DO
- See LotusScript Data Object.
-
LSID
- See local
session identification.
-
LSM
- See Local
Service Manager.
-
LSN
- (1) See lock
sequence number.
- (2) See log sequence number.
-
LSQA
- See local
system queue area.
-
LSR
- See local
shared resource.
-
LSS
- See logical
subsystem.
-
LT
- (1) See line
transmission termination.
- (2) See logical
terminal.
-
LTC
- See local
transaction containment.
-
LTERM
- See logical terminal.
-
LT name
- A nine-character name of
the form BBBBCCLLX, where BBBBCCLL represents the eight-character bank identifier
code (BIC8), and X represents the LT code.
-
LTPA
- See Lightweight
Third Party Authentication.
-
LTRAN
- See local transaction.
-
LTT
- See logical
terminal table.
-
LU
- See logical
unit.
-
LU0
- See LU
type 0.
-
LU2
- See Logical
Unit type 2.
-
LU3
- See LU
type 3.
-
LU4
- See LU
type 4.
-
LU 6
- See LU
type 6.
-
LU 6.1
- See LU type 6.1.
-
LU 6.2
- See logical unit 6.2.
-
LU 6.2 conversation
- In SNA, a logical
connection between two transaction programs over an LU 6.2 session that enables
them to communicate with each other.
-
LU 6.2 conversation level security
- In SNA, a conversation level security protocol that enables a partner transaction
program to authenticate the transaction program that initiated the conversation.
LU 6.2 conversation level security is also known as end user verification.
-
LU 6.2 destination
- An LU 6.2 application
program defined by an LU (logical unit) name plus a transaction program name.
-
LU 6.2 session
- In SNA, a session
between two logical units (LUs) of type 6.2.
-
LUC
- See LU
conversation.
-
LU conversation (LUC)
- A conversation
between two LUs. LU conversations are used to forward alerts and retrieve
data from distributed databases. LU conversations also handle hardware monitor
and session monitor cross-domain conversations.
-
LUC task
- A task that serves as the
endpoint of an LUC session.
-
LU group
- A grouping of logical units
according to some affinity. Using an LU group simplifies data collection and
analysis.
-
Luhn formula
- An industry standard
used by many credit card companies as a rudimentary prevention of credit card
fraud.
-
LU-LU session
- In SNA, a session between
two logical units (LUs) in an SNA network. It provides communication between
two end users, or between an end user and an LU services component.
-
LU-LU session type 0
- In SNA, a type
of session between two LU half-sessions using SNA-defined protocols for transmission
control and data flow control, but using end-user or product-defined protocols
to supplement or replace function management data services protocols. The
system uses the SNA upline facility support.
-
LU-LU session type 1
- In SNA, a type
of session between an application program and single- or multiple-device data
processing display stations in an interactive, batch data transfer, or distributed
processing environment. The system uses the SNA remote job entry (RJE) support.
-
LU-LU session type 2
- In SNA, a type
of session between an application program and a single display station in
an interactive environment, using the SNA 3270 data stream. The System i product
uses the 3270 display emulation support.
-
LU-LU session type 3
- In SNA, a type
of session between an application program and a single printer, using the
SNA 3270 data stream. The system uses the 3270 printer emulation support.
-
LU-LU session type 4
- In SNA, a type
of session between (a) an application program and a single-device or multiple-device
data processing or word processing display station in an interactive, batch
data transfer, or distributed processing environment; or (b) logical units
in peripheral nodes. The system uses the 5250 printer support.
-
LU-LU session type 6.2
- In SNA, a
type of session for communications between peer systems.
-
LU-LU session type 7
- In SNA, a type
of session between an application program and a single display station in
an interactive environment. The system uses the 5250 display station support.
-
LUN
- See logical
unit number.
-
LU name
- The name by which VTAM refers
to a node in a network. See also location name.
-
LUSTAT
- In SNA, a command used to
send logical unit status information.
-
LU type
- The classification of a logical
unit in terms of the specific subset of SNA protocols and options that it
supports for a given session. LU type specifies the values allowed in the
session activation request, the usage of data stream controls, function management
headers, request unit parameters, sense data values, and presentation services
protocols.
-
LU type 0 (LU0)
- Type of logical unit
used for communicating with non-SNA terminals, using binary synchronous communication
(BSC). LU0 enables the transmission of non-SNA protocols across an SNA network,
and is heavily used for connecting non-SNA terminals. LU0 is more primitive
than LU6.
-
LU type 1
- An SNA logical unit type
that provides a communication protocol among host application programs and
terminals. Some printers also use this protocol to communicate with host application
programs.
-
LU type 2
- See Logical Unit type 2.
-
LU type 3 (LU3)
- Type of logical unit,
used for sending data to 3270 printers.
-
LU type 4 (LU4)
- Type of logical unit,
Used for communicating with office systems terminals.
-
LU type 6 (LU 6)
- Type of logical
unit, used for processor-to-processor communication. LUTYPE6 defines a number
of processes (applications - the file model, the queue model, the DL/I model,
and so on) which are used in CICS intersystem communication (ISC). LUTYPE6
also supports user application to user application communication. There is
no BMS support for this LU Type.
-
LU type 6.1 (LU 6.1)
- Type of logical
unit used for processor-to-processor sessions. LU type 6.1 is a development
of LU type 6. CICS - DL/I, IMS, or SQL/DS intercommunication uses LU type
6.1 sessions.
-
LU type 6.2
- An SNA logical unit type
that converges functions from existing LU types to provide a single, interchangeable
communication protocol.
-
LUW
- See logical
unit of work.
-
LUWID
- See logical unit of work identifier.
-
LUW state
- See logical unit of work state.
-
LV
- See logical
volume.
-
lvalue
- An expression that represents
a data object that can be viewed, tested, and changed. An lvalue is usually
the left operand in an assignment expression. See also rvalue.
-
LVM
- See Logical
Volume Manager.
-
LVOL
- See logical
volume.
-
LWA
- See log
write-ahead.
-
LWL
- See long
wavelength.
-
LZ
- See Lempel-Ziv.
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