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IBM Terminology

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�G11N: See globalization.
�G.711: (1) Specification for uncompressed voice for PSTN and Voice over Internet Protocol access.; (2) An audio codec that produces a better sound quality (contains more frequencies) than G.723, but consumes more network bandwidth and is unusable over a 56K connection (requires 64K). G.711 consumes fewer processor cycles than G.723.
�G.723: An audio codec that compresses data by removing all frequencies except those required to support the human voice. This codec uses less network bandwidth but consumes more processor cycles than the G.711 codec.; �gadget; In the AIXwindows Toolkit, a windowless graphical object that looks like its equivalent like-named widget but does not support the translations, actions, or pop-up widget children supplied by that widget.
�Gantt chart: A graphical representation of a project or proposal timeline and duration.
�gap: (1) In SQL replication, a range of log or journal records that the Capture program cannot read. The changed data in a gap can be lost.; (2) Active-site log data that is not available to the tracking IMS. The log data might be missing either because it was not sent or because an I/O error occurred at the tracking site.
�garbage collection: (1) Part of a language's runtime system or an add-on library that automatically determines the memory that a program no longer uses, and recycles it for other use. Garbage collection may be assisted by the compiler, the hardware, the operating system, or any combination of the three.; (2) A routine that searches memory to reclaim space from program segments or inactive data.
�gatekeeper: A component of a Voice over Internet Protocol that provides services such as admission to the network and address translation.
�gateway: (1) A device or program used to connect networks or systems with different network architectures.; (2) An entity that operates above the link layer and converts, when required, the interface and protocol used by one network into those used by another distinct network.; (3) Software that provides services between the endpoints and the rest of the Tivoli environment.; (4) A component of a Voice over Internet Protocol that provides a bridge between VoIP and circuit-switched environments.; (5) A middleware component that bridges Internet and intranet environments during Web service invocations.; (6) A ground-based link to a mobile satellite service network.; (7) An exit point from Partner Gateway that is used by Partner Gateway to deliver documents to a back-end system or a trading partner.
�gateway class: The interface for Java Client applications to connect to the Gateway daemon. The Gateway classes, which are supplied with the CICS Transaction Gateway, must be in the classpath for Java Client applications to run.
�Gateway daemon: Used only in remote mode, the Gateway daemon listens on protocols defined in CTG.INI for gateway requests from remote Java client applications. It issues these requests to the Client daemon on distributed platforms, and directly to CICS over the external CICS interface (EXCI) on z/OS. The Gateway daemon runs the protocol listener threads, the worker threads and the connection manager threads.
�gateway destination: A type of service destination that receives messages for gateway services. Gateway destinations are divided into those that are used for request processing and those that are used for reply processing.
�Gateway group: A collection of Gateway daemon instances, that uses the services of a single ctgmaster. The group provides a TCP/IP load balancing capability for XA transactions.
�gateway method: A method that runs on behalf of an endpoint on the gateway to which the endpoint is assigned. The results of the method are forwarded to the managed resource that requested that the method be run.
�gateway service: A Web service that is made available through the Web services gateway.
�gateway service processor: A service processor that relays alerts from service processors on an Advanced System Management (ASM) interconnect network to IBM Director Server.
�gateway token: A token that represents a specific Gateway daemon, once a connection is established successfully.
�gauge: An indicator for the current value for an item. See also counter.
�GB: See gigabyte.
�GBIC: See gigabit interface converter.
�GBP: See group buffer pool.
�GBP-dependent: The status of a page set or page set partition that is dependent on the group buffer pool. Either read/write interest is active among DB2 subsystems for this page set, or the page set has changed pages in the group buffer pool that are not yet cast out to disk.
�Gbps: See gigabits per second.
�GCC: See GNU Compiler Collection.
�GCGID: See graphic character global identifier.
�GCS: See Group Control System.
�GCSGID: See graphic character set global identifier.
�GDA: See global directory agent.
�GDDM: See Graphical Data Display Manager.
�GDF: See graphics data format.
�GDF file: See graphics data format file.
�GDG: See generation data group.
�GDPS: See Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex.
�GDS: (1) See general data stream.; (2) See Global Directory Service.; (3) See generalized data stream.; (4) See generation data set.
�GDS reclaim processing: An automatic process that the the storage management subsystem (SMS) performs when a generation data set (GDS) exists in deferred roll-in state and a job attempts to create a (+1) generation. When the job begins, SMS reclaims the GDS and uses its data set name for the new (+1) generation. GDS reclaim processing can be disabled. See also generation number.
�general activity: In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, an instruction to perform a specific operation such as *LOAD (load a new tape) or *EXIT (perform user exit).
�general data stream (GDS): A structured field that precedes all mapped conversation user data in the communications data stream. It consists of a length (LL), which is defined as the first 2 bytes of the structured field, and a general data stream identifier (GDS ID), which is defined as the next 2 bytes following the length field that identifies the GDS-defined format of the data.
�general format: The use of a character symbol for each unique data value. For example, all alphabetic characters in a column are replaced with the letter A.
�General Inter-ORB Protocol (GIOP): A protocol that Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) uses to define the format of messages.
�generalizable element: A model element that may participate in a generalization relationship.
�generalization: The derivation of the definition of a class, function, or static data member from a template. An instantiation of a template function is a generalization.
�generalization relationship: In UML modeling, a relationship in which one model element (the child) is based on another model element (the parent).
�generalized data stream (GDS): The SNA-defined data stream format used for basic conversations on APPC sessions.
�generalized interactive executive (GIX): A function of the NetView Distribution Manager licensed program that provides the host system user with interactive use of the NetView Distribution Manager program.
�generalized main scheduling (GMS): A set of algorithms that allow the system programmer to tailor job scheduling and selection to the specific needs of the installation.
�Generalized Object File Format (GOFF): This object module format extends the capabilities of object modules so that they can contain more information. It is required for XPLINK.
�Generalized Performance Analysis Reporting (GPAR): A tool designed as a base for reporting on the performance of IBM or user-written programs.
�generalized sequential access method (GSAM): A database access method that allows batch application programs to access a sequential data set record that is defined as a database record. This database record is handled as one unit, with no segments, fields, or hierarchical structure. Any records to be added are inserted at the end of the database. GSAM does not allow database records to be updated or deleted .
�generalized sequential access method program communication block (GSAM PCB): The PCB that describes an application program's interface to a GSAM data set. One GSAM PCB is required for each GSAM data set view used by the application program.
�generalized trace facility (GTF): A z/OS service program that records significant system events such as I/O interrupts, SVC interrupts, program interrupts, and external interrupts.
�general log: A general purpose log stream used by CICS for any of the following: forward recovery logs, autojournals, or user journals. See also system log.
�General Packet Radio Service (GPRS): A packet data communications system that allows information to be sent and received across a mobile telephone network. GPRS permits faster Internet access and improved mobile technology through continuous connectivity.
�general pool: In a DFSMShsm environment with JES3, the collection of all DFSMShsm primary volumes added to that processor that have a mount status of permanently resident or reserved, that have the automatic recall attribute specified, and that have a mount attribute of storage or private.
�general purpose library (QGPL): A library that contains IBM-provided objects that are required for many system functions, and user-created objects that are not explicitly placed in a different library when they are created.
�general purpose register (GPR): An explicitly addressable register that can be used for a variety of purposes (for example, as an accumulator or an index register).
�general resource: In RACF, any system resource, other than an MVS data set, that is defined in the class descriptor table (CDT). In MVS, general resources include DASD volumes, tape volumes, load modules, terminals, IMS and CICS transactions and other CICS resources, and installation-defined resource classes.
�general resource profile: In RACF, a profile that provides protection for one or more general resources. The information in the profile can include the general resource profile name, profile owner, universal access authority, access list, and other data.
�General Use Programming Interface (GUPI): An interface, with few restrictions, for use in customer-written programs. The majority of programming interfaces are general-use programming interfaces, and are appropriate in a wide variety of application programs.
�generatable part: An EGL part that is generated into a single, compilable unit in the output code.
�generate: (1) In DB2 for i5/OS, to produce, through the actions performed by a precompiler. For example, the precompiler generates host language statements and declarations that are embedded into the input source, and this modified source is then used as input to a compiler.; (2) To produce a computer program by selection of subsets from skeletal code under the control of parameters.
�generated column: A column that is derived from an expression that may involve one or more columns in a table.
�generated course: A course that is created in a program other than LearningSpace - Virtual Classroom (for example, the Learning Management System), but is available in LearningSpace - Virtual Classroom.
�generation: The release of a software product to its customers that marks the end of a development cycle.
�generation data group (GDG): A chronological collection of historically related data sets that do not use the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM); each data set is called a generation data set. See also generation data set.
�generation data group base entry: An entry that permits a data set that does not use the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) to be associated as a generation data set (GDS) with other data sets not using VSAM .
�generation data set (GDS): One of the data sets in a generation data group (GDG); a GDS is historically related to the other data sets in the group. See also generation data group.
�generation feature: In CICS/VSE, An IBM licensed program order option used to tailor the object code of a program to user requirements.
�generation number: The number of a generation within a generation data group (GDG). A zero represents the current generation of the group, a negative integer (-1) represents an older generation, and a positive integer (+1) represents a new generation that has not yet been cataloged. See also GDS reclaim processing.
�generation template: A template used when authoring content. The template is used to generate resources or a list of resources to a static file.
�generic: Relating to, or characteristic of, a whole group or class.
�generic alert: (1) Alert information that is provided as text or is encoded using a method in which code points provide an index into short units of stored text. The use of generic alerts prevents the receiver from having to recognize and understand each unique problem for which an alert is sent. See also nongeneric alert.; (2) A Systems Network Architecture (SNA) Network Management Vector that enables a product to signal a problem to the network. CICSPlex SM uses generic alerts as part of its interface to NetView.
�generic applid: In XRF, the name by which the active-alternate pair of CICS systems is known to the end user. In VTAM terms, this is the USERVAR. The generic name is also used in intersystem communication. See also specific applid.
�generic business object: A business object that generically represents a business entity across multiple applications or data sources. See also application-specific business object.
�generic class: See class template.
�generic controller description: An asynchronous controller description that is reserved for incoming calls on an X.25 packet-switching data network from a remote system or device that does not use SNA transmission protocols and whose location name and identifier are defined in configuration list QASYNCLOC in library QSYS.
�generic data identifier: In CICS, a 1-to-8 character alphanumeric name consisting of the common leading characters of a group of temporary storage queue names for which recovery is required.
�generic envelope type: A value that defines a specific envelope type. The contents of this envelope are published so that it can be used as a common interchange format.
�generic gate: Gives access to a set of functions that are provided by several domains.
�generic key: In systems with VSAM, a leading portion of a key, containing characters that identify those records that are significant for a certain application. The key is one or more consecutive characters, taken from a data record, used to identify the record and establish its order with respect to other records.
�Generic Log Adapter (GLA): A tool that allows generic data collection from multiple heterogeneous data sources by converting individual records and events into the Common Base Event format. See also autonomic computing.
�generic name: (1) The characters common to object names that can be used to identify a group of objects. A generic name ends with an asterisk (*). For example, ORD* identifies all objects whose names begin with the characters ORD.; (2) In the hierarchical file system, a path name that contains one or more wildcard characters.
�generic port (G_port): A port on a fibre-channel switch that can function either as a fabric port (F_port) or as an expansion port (E_port). The functionality of a G_port is determined during port login: a G_port functions as an F_port when connected to a node port (N_port) and as an E_port when connected to an E_port.
�generic profile: A Resource Access Control Facility (RACF) profile that contains security information about multiple data sets that might have similar characteristics and require a similar level of protection. See also data set profile, discrete profile, resource profile.
�generic resource group: A set of IMS systems that have the same generic resource name, enabling VTAM to distribute terminal sessions among them.
�generic resource member: An IMS system that belongs to a generic resource group.
�generic resource name: A name that VTAM uses to represent several application programs that provide the same function in order to handle session distribution and balancing in a Sysplex environment.
�Generic Security Services API: See Generic Security Services application programming interface.
�Generic Security Services application programming interface (GSS API, Generic Security Services API): A common application programming interface (API) for accessing security services.
�generic server: A server that is managed in, but not supplied by WebSphere Application Server. Any server or process that is necessary to support the Application Server environment, including a Java server, a C or C++ server or process, a CORBA server, or a Remote Method Invocation (RMI) server.
�generic server cluster: A group of remote servers that need routing by the proxy server.
�generic unit name: A name assigned to a class of devices that share the same hardware characteristics. See also esoteric unit name.
�Generic Windows playback policy: A policy that collects performance data played back from a recorded sequence of actions in a Microsoft Windows application. Generic Windows uses the time measurement calls and threshold settings to detect performance problems and send violation events when threshold violations occur.
�genucode: A program that is used to download microcode to a specific adapter or device. This program is provided with a microcode update, when the microcode update is available before the Diagnostics Download Microcode Service Aid for the specific adapter or device is provided in AIX.
�geo-code: In WebSphere Commerce, an application-specific code representing a geographical region. See also jurisdiction.
�geocoder: In DB2 Spatial Extender, a scalar function that translates existing data into data that can be understood in spatial terms. For example, a geocoder that is supplied by Spatial Extender translates United States addresses into instances of a spatial data type. Another geocoder might translate the identifier of a shelf in a warehouse into data that identifies the location of that shelf in the warehouse.
�geodesic distance: The shortest path between two points on the ellipsoidal shape of the Earth.
�Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex (GDPS): An application that integrates Parallel Sysplex technology and remote copy technology to enhance application availability and improve disaster recovery. GDPS topology is a Parallel Sysplex cluster spread across two sites, with all critical data mirrored between the sites. GDPS manages the remote copy configuration and storage subsystems; automates Parallel Sysplex operational tasks; and automates failure recovery from a single point of control.
�geographic coordinate system: In DB2 Spatial Extender and DB2 Geodetic Extender, a reference system that uses latitude and longitude to define locations on the surface of a sphere or spheroid.
�geographic feature: An object on the surface of the Earth (such as a city or river), a space (such as a safety zone around a hazardous site), or an event that occurs at a location (such as an auto accident that occurred at a particular intersection). See also geographic information system.
�geographic information system (GIS): A complex of objects, data, and applications that is used to create and analyze spatial information about geographic features. See also DB2 Spatial Extender, geographic feature.
�geographic mirroring: A subfunction of cross-site mirroring (XSM) that generates a mirror image of an independent disk pool on a system, which is (optionally) geographically distant from the originating site for availability or protection purposes.
�GEOS: See geo-stationary Earth orbit system.
�geo-stationary Earth orbit system (GEOS): Communications system with satellites in geosynchronous orbits 22,300 miles above Earth.
�get: In message queuing, to use the MQGET call to remove a message from a queue.
�getpage: An operation in which DB2 for z/OS accesses a data page.
�getter method: A method whose purpose is to get the value of an instance or class variable. This allows another object to find out the value of one of its variables. See also setter method, accessor method, mutator method.
�GETVIS space: In CICS/VSE, storage space within a partition or the shared virtual area, available for dynamic allocation to programs.
�GFT: See grant functional transmission.
�GHz: See gigahertz.
�GID: (1) See group identification number.; (2) See group ID.
�GIF: See Graphics Interchange Format.
�gigabit: In data communications, 10 to the power of 9 or 1,000,000,000 bits.
�Gigabit Ethernet: A variation of the Ethernet protocol that is capable of transmitting data at one billion bits per second. Gigabit Ethernet on the System i family is supported only by TCP/IP in full-duplex mode.
�gigabit interface converter (GBIC): An encoding/decoding device that is a class-1 laser component assembly with transmitting and receiving receptacles that connect to fiber-optic cables. GBICs perform a serial optical-to-electrical and electrical-to-optical conversion of the signal. The GBICs in the switch can be hot-swapped.
�gigabits per second (Gbps): A measure of high speed bandwidth on a digital data transmission medium such as optical fiber. See also kilobits per second.
�gigabit switch: A 16-port, fibre-channel gigabit switch.
�gigabyte (GB): In decimal notation, 1 073 741 824 when referring to memory capacity; in all other cases, it is defined as 1 000 000 000.
�gigahertz (GHz): A unit of frequency equal to 1,000,000,000 hertz.
�GIOP: See General Inter-ORB Protocol.
�GIS: See geographic information system.
�GIX: See generalized interactive executive.
�GLA: See Generic Log Adapter.
�glare: A condition that occurs when both ends of a telephone line or trunk are seized at the same time.
�global: (1) Pertaining to information available to more than one program or subroutine. See also local.; (2) Pertaining to an element that is available to any process in the workspace. A global element appears in the project tree and can be used in multiple processes. Tasks, processes, repositories, and services can be either global (referenced by any process in the project) or local (specific to a single process). See also local.
�global access checking: An RACF feature that is used to improve performance of authorization checking for selected resources.
�global attribute: In XML, an attribute that is declared as a child of the schema element rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global attributes can be referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.
�global catalog: (1) In a federated system, the database system catalog. The catalog contains information about objects in the federated database and at the data source. The catalog also contains information about the entire federated system. The information in the global catalog is used by the query optimizer to plan the best way to process SQL statements.; (2) A system data set in which CICS records CICS system information. See also local catalog.
�global catalog domain: Together with the local catalog domain, a repository used by other CICS domains to hold information to allow an orderly restart. The two catalog domains enable CICS code to read, write, and purge records on the global and local catalog data sets so that a record of the CICS state can be maintained when CICS is not running.
�global character: See wildcard character.
�global command: A command that is recognized and honored by any node in a JES2 network.
�global commit coordinator: The sync point manager that controls the overall result of the two-phase commit process in a distributed transaction.
�global directory agent (GDA): A Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) component that makes it possible for the local control data set CDS to access names in foreign cells.
�Global Directory Service (GDS): The DCE Directory Service component that locates other cells using global cell names. GDS can use an X.500-based directory service or the Internet distributed directory service called Domain Name Service (DNS). See also Cell Directory Service.
�global domain: A group of Domino domains, such as Sales1, Sales2, and Marketing, under a single Internet domain, such as acme.com. All outbound SMTP mail, whether it originates from the Sales1 or Marketing domains, has the return address acme.com.
�global element: In XML, an element that is declared as a child of the schema element rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global elements can be referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.
�global error table: A method employed by some high-level languages, such as C and Fortran, to determine actions for handling conditions. Whereas Language Environment condition handling actions are defined at the stack frame level, actions defined using the global error table apply to an entire application until explicitly changed.
�global file set: The root file set in the global namespace.
�global file system: A single file system that provides complete, shared access to both Windows and UNIX clients in the same environment. See also file-placement rule.
�global instance identifier: A globally unique identifier that is generated either by the application or by the emitter and is used as a primary key for event identification.
globalization: In computing, the provision of a single software solution that has (1) multicultural support and (2) a user interface and documentation that is available in one or more languages. See also multicultural support.
�global lock: (1) A lock that provides concurrency control within and among DB2 subsystems. The scope of the lock is across all DB2 subsystems of a data sharing group.; (2) An IRLM lock that interests two IRLMs; both must coordinate to grant it.
�global lock contention: A conflict on locking requests between different members of a data sharing group when those members are trying to serialize shared resources.
�global lock management: Lock management that controls access to resources shared among IMS systems participating in block level sharing.
�globally defined object: On z/OS, an object whose definition is stored in the shared repository. The object is available to all queue managers in the queue-sharing group. See also locally defined object.
�Globally Unique Identifier (GUID): An algorithmically determined number that uniquely identifies an entity within a system. See also Universal Unique Identifier, type 1 GUID, type 3 GUID.
�global main: The global address space that controls job scheduling and device allocation for a complex of JES3 processors. See also local main.
�global mirror: An optional capability of the remote mirror and copy feature that provides a two-site extended-distance remote copy. Data that is written by the host to the storage unit at the local site is automatically maintained at the remote site. See also metro mirror, remote mirror and copy.
�global mobile personal communications service (GMPCS): Future mobile satellite systems that will provide global wireless phone service.
�global mutex: A mutual exclusion lock that is provided by the pthreads library to allow easy serialization to application resources.
�global name: (1) In COBOL, a name that is declared in only one program but that may be referred to from that program and from any program contained within that program. Condition names, data names, file names, record names, and some special registers may be global names.; (2) In Managed System Services, the name by which an object is known to SNA File Services (SNA/FS). SNA/FS enables objects to be uniquely named in an SNA network with systems of different types.
�global online change: An IMS function that changes resources online for all IMSs in an IMSplex.
�global operating mode: An operating mode that determines how deployment requests are created and approved for all managed applications.
�global optimization guideline: An optimization guideline that applies to all DML statements for which an optimization profile is in effect. See also optimization guideline.
�global optimizer: In a federated system, a feature of the DB2 SQL Compiler that analyzes distributed queries and determines the most efficient way to run them. The global optimizer evaluates queries based on resource cost. See also push-down processing.
�global polling: In Managed System Services, a type of polling used by the topology manager when collecting topology information for all the systems in the network.
�global positioning system (GPS): A satellite constellation that provides highly accurate position, velocity, and time navigation information to users.
�global processor: The processor that controls job scheduling and device allocation for a complex of processors.
�global record: In SQL replication, the row in the register table that defines global replication characteristics for a particular instance of the Capture program.
�global registry: A file created during a root installation of a DB2 product on a UNIX or Linux system. The file contains information such as service records, instance records (instance name, instance path), variable records (variable names, variable values), and DAS information.
�global repository: A top-level repository that appears in the Project Tree. It has a global scope and can be referenced by multiple processes. A global repository can be thought of as a data store.
�global resource identifier: An 8-byte identifier that identifies a coded font resource. A GRID contains the following fields in the order listed: GCSGID of a minimum set of graphic characters required for presentation. It can be a character set that is associated with the code page, or with the font character set, or with both. CPGID of the associated code page. FGID of the associated font character set Font width in 1440ths of an inch.
�global resource manager: A component of Tivoli Intelligent Orchestrator that determines optimal resource allocation and maintains a stable application infrastructure.
�global resource serialization (GRS): A component of z/OS that serializes the use of system resources and converts hardware reserves on direct access storage device (DASD) volumes to data set enqueues.
�global resource serialization complex: A group of systems that use global resource serialization (GRS) to serialize access to shared resources such as data sets on shared direct access storage device (DASD) volumes.
�global rule: A rule specifying the project-wide replacement of a certain type of host input field with a particular widget.
�global scope: (1) The portion of a source program that is not contained within a class, function, or namespace definition.; (2) The portion of namespace scope that is not contained in a namespace definition. See also namespace scope.
�global scratch pool: A group of empty tapes that do not have unique serial numbers and are not known individually to DFSMShsm. The tapes are not associated with a specific device.
�global security: Pertains to all applications running in the environment and determines whether security is used, the type of registry used for authentication, and other values, many of which act as defaults.
�Global Security Kit (GSK): A toolkit for managing digital certificates used in implementing Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) security.
�global server: In the DCE Distributed Time Service (DTS), a server that provides its clock value to courier servers on other cells, or to DTS entities that have failed to obtain the specified number of servers locally.
�global service group (GSG): The collection of all IMS subsystems that can access a particular set of databases. A global service group can span several MVS systems at more than one geographical location.
�global shared resource (GSR): An indicator of the use of a Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) global resource pool. See also VSAM record-level sharing, shared resource, local shared resource.
�global sign-on (GSO): A flexible single sign-on solution that enables the user to provide alternative user names and passwords to the back-end Web application server. Global sign-on grants users access to the computing resources they are authorized to use -- through a single login. Designed for large enterprises consisting of multiple systems and applications within heterogeneous, distributed computing environments, GSO eliminates the need for users to manage multiple user names and passwords. See also single sign-on.
�Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM): A standard for digital cellular telephone systems that originated in Europe and is now used in countries across the globe. GSM networks support voice, data, text, and facsimile transmissions.
�global trace: A WebSphere MQ for z/OS trace option where the trace data comes from the entire WebSphere MQ for z/OS subsystem.
�global transaction: (1) A unit of work in a distributed transaction processing environment in which multiple resource managers are required.; (2) A recoverable unit of work performed by one or more resource managers in a distributed transaction environment and coordinated by an external transaction manager.
�global transaction identifier (GTRID): The part of an event identifier (EID) that uniquely identifies all of the nodes in a distributed transaction.
�global trap/trace exit: A problem-determination function controlled by the CSFE CICS transaction.
�global user exit: A point in a CICS module at which CICS can pass control to a user-written program (known as an exit program), and then resume control when the program has finished. When an exit program is enabled for a particular exit point, the program is called every time the exit point is reached. See also task-related user exit.
�global variable: (1) A named entity within query management that can be assigned a value used for communications between an application program and query management. The entity is accessible from both the application program and query management. See also runtime variable.; (2) A symbol defined in one program module that is used in other program modules that are independently compiled.; (3) A variable used to contain information for the use of actions. The values of global variables can be extracted from a host screen or elsewhere, and can be used in templates, transformations, macros, Integration Objects, or business logic. A global variable can be a single value or an array, and it can be shared with other applications sharing the same session.; (4) A variable that is used to hold and manipulate values assigned to it during translation and that is shared across maps and across document translations. One of the three types of variables supported by the Data Interchange Services mapping command language.; (5) A representation of a changeable value that can be accessed and modified by SQL statements that are running within the same session scope. See also special register, variable, session global variable, created global variable, built-in global variable.
�global variable pool: In query management, the set of all user- and query-defined variables associated with a query instance.
�global work area (GWA): An area provided by CICS for a user exit program when the user exit program is enabled.
�global zone: Logical division of the SMP/E consolidated software inventory (CSI).
�gloss: A unit of information associated with a dictionary entry, such as lemma, part of speech, morphosyntactic category, frequency of usage, or synonym. Glosses can refer to other glosses, because common sets of information are often combined into a single instance of a gloss and then multiply referenced.
�GLT: See group list table.
�glue code: A segment of code that is used to connect two pre-existing pieces of code and retain full functionality. See also off-the-rack.
�glyph: (1) A graphic symbol whose appearance conveys information, for example, the vertical and horizontal arrows on cursor keys that indicate the directions in which they control cursor movement.; (2) An image, usually of a character, in a font. See also character, graphic character.
�GMPCS: See global mobile personal communications service.
�GMS: See generalized main scheduling.
�GMT: See Greenwich mean time.
�GNOME: See GNU Network Object Model Environment.
�GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): An open source collection of compilers supporting C, C++, Objective-C, Ada, Java, and Fortran.
�GNU Network Object Model Environment (GNOME): A desktop environment that is built on open source ideals that prides itself on being free, user-friendly, widely accessible, standardized, developer-friendly, well-formed and well-supported.
�goal: In a policy-enabled system, a type of unsolicited decision that defines an objective that a managed resource must meet. A goal consists of a logic expression that defines the constraint and evaluation strategy, which defines when to evaluate the constraint. Based on a goal, an autonomic manager attempts to manage the behavior of a managed resource. In Policy Management for Autonomic Computing, goals are not supported.
�goal mode: (1) A workload management mode for an MVS image in a sysplex using an MVS workload management service definition to automatically and dynamically balance its system resources according to the active service policy for the sysplex.; (2) A mode of processing in which the active service policy determines system resource management.
�GOCA: See Graphic Object Content Architecture.
�GOFF: See Generalized Object File Format.
�golden master image: An archive of the file system that is put on managed computer systems. It includes the operating system, software, and data or configuration files.
�Gopher: In Internet communications, a distributed information service that makes available hierarchical collections of information. A single Gopher client can access information from any accessible Gopher server. The Gopher client provides the user with a menu-driven interface.
�governance: The decision making processes in the administration of an organization. The rights and responsibilities of these processes are typically shared among the organization's participants, especially the management and stakeholders.
�governance life cycle: A life cycle that represents the states and transitions that can exist in SOA deployment.
�governance policy validator: A sample validator that enables the user to control the operations that can be performed on specific entities based on the metadata that is attached to those entities.
�governance processes: A process that ensures that compliance and operational polices are enforced, and that change occurs in a controlled fashion and with appropriate authority as envisioned by the business design.
�governance state: A state defined within the governance life cycle, for example, "created", "planned", or "specified".
�governance Web service: A service that retrieves information and runs actions, relating to the governance of objects, from a Web service client.
�governed collection: Group of objects on which an operation may be performed automatically, as a result of an initial operation.
�governed entity: Controls visibility of artifacts as well as controlling who can perform which actions on specific governed entities.
�governor: See resource limit facility.
�GPAR: See Generalized Performance Analysis Reporting.
�GPFS cluster: A cluster of nodes defined as being available for use by GPFS file systems. See also cluster.
�GPFS portability layer: The interface module that each installation must build for its specific hardware platform and Linux distribution.
�GPFS recovery log: A file that contains a record of metadata activity and that exists for each node of a cluster. In the event of a node failure, the recovery log for the failed node is replayed, restoring the file system to a consistent state and allowing other nodes to continue working.
�G_port: See generic port.
�GPR: See general purpose register.
�GPRS: See General Packet Radio Service.
�GPS: See global positioning system.
�grain: In a FlashCopy bitmap, the unit of data represented by a single bit.
�grammar: (1) A structured collection of words and phrases bound together by rules. A grammar defines the set of all words, phrases and sentences that might be spoken by a caller and are recognized by the engine. A grammar differs from a vocabulary in that it provides rules that govern the order in which words and phrases can be joined together.; (2) A document type definition (DTD) or schema providing a structured format used for successful processing by the trace service.
�grammar mask: A set of values with grammatical and occasionally morphological information about the word. Grammatically ambiguous word forms have multiple grammar masks.
�grant: To give a privilege or authority to an authorization identifier.
�grant functional transmission (GFT): In MTAM, a control character indicating that the host system gives permission to i5/OS to send data or that i5/OS gives permission to the host system to send data. See also request functional transmission.
�granularity: The extent to which a larger entity is subdivided. For example, a meter broken into millimeters has finer granularity than a meter broken into centimeters.
�graph: (1) The displayed, printed, or plotted output that represents the horizontal and vertical axis variables specified by the user for a collection of data.; (2) See chart.
�graph format: In Performance Tools, a template used to display performance and historical graphs. The graph format consists of such things as titles, axis variables, and the type of graph.
�Graphical Data Display Manager (GDDM): An IBM computer-graphics system that defines and displays text and graphics for output on a display or printer. See also presentation graphics routines.
�graphical performance monitor: A monitor that displays status information and performance statistics for links in a job that is open in the designer client canvas while the job runs in the director client or debugger.
�graphical user interface (GUI): A type of computer interface that presents a visual metaphor of a real-world scene, often of a desktop, by combining high-resolution graphics, pointing devices, menu bars and other menus, overlapping windows, icons and the object-action relationship.
�graphic character: (1) A DBCS character.; (2) A visual representation of a character, other than a control character, that is normally produced by writing, printing, or displaying. See also glyph.
�graphic character global identifier (GCGID): A 4- to 8-character alphanumeric identifier assigned to a registered graphic character. Each graphic character that is to be assigned a code point must have a GCGID. Each GCGID is unique.
�graphic character set: A defined set of graphic characters treated as an entity. No coded representation is assumed.
�graphic character set global identifier (GCSGID): (1) A number between 00001 and 65534 that is assigned to identify a graphic character set. For i5/OS, the graphic character set global identifier is expressed as a 5-digit decimal number. For example, the invariant character set has the GCSGID of 00640.; (2) A unique graphic character set identifier that can be expressed as either a 2-byte binary value or a 5-digit decimal value.
�graphic character-set ID: A 5-digit registered identifier used to specify a graphic character set. The graphic character-set ID is the first part of the QCHRID system value or the CHRID parameter value.
�graphic data: Data that has an associated coding representation that defines how to interpret each specific pattern of bits that are grouped into one or more 2-byte sequences.
�graphic data type: A character string in which each character is represented by 2 bytes. The character string does not contain shift-in (SI) and shift-out (SO) characters. See also DBCS-only.
�Graphic Object Content Architecture (GOCA): An architecture that provides a collection of graphics values and control structures used to interchange and present graphics data.
�graphics data format (GDF): In AFP Utilities, the ability to create an AFP resource, such as an electronic overlay.
�graphics data format file (GDF file): A picture definition in a coded order format used internally by the GDDM function and, optionally, providing the user with a lower-level programming interface than the GDDM application programming interface.
�graphics field: In the GDDM function, that part of the display or the paper that is used for pictures and graphics text.
�Graphics Interchange Format (GIF): A file format for storing images. GIF files are common on the World Wide Web because they only contain a maximum of 256 colors and are therefore very small.
�graphics primitive: In the GDDM function, a single item of graphics information, such as a line or a string of graphics text.
�graphics segment: In the GDDM function, a group of graphics primitives (lines, arcs, and text) that are operated as a common set. The graphics primitives inside a graphics segment share characteristics, such as visibility and angle of rotation, but keep their individual characteristics, such as color and line width.
�graphics symbol set: In the GDDM function, an object that can contain either lines or images. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *GSS.
�graphics text: In the GDDM function, text displayed by an application program using a graphics symbol set.
�graphic string: A sequence of double byte character set (DBCS) characters.
�graphics window: In the GDDM function, the view of the graphics picture that is defined by the range of the world coordinates specified by the user.
�gray level: In the GDDM function, a digitally coded shade of gray that is in a range of 0 through 7.
�gray scale: A scale that indicates the shades of gray between black and white that can be presented on a display device.
�gray-scale image: An image that is represented by different gray values that range from white to black.
�GRECP: See group buffer pool recovery pending.
�green-field development: Development that is started from scratch, as opposed to evolution of an existing system or reengineering of a legacy piece.
�green-screen application: An application coded for character-based interfaces such as IBM 3270 or 5250 terminals.
�Greenwich mean time (GMT): The mean solar time at the meridian of Greenwich, England.
�greeting: In voice mail, the recording heard by a caller on reaching subscriber's mailbox. See also voice message.
�greeting header: In voice mail, a recording made by a subscriber and played to callers either before or instead of a personal greeting.
�Gregorian calendar: The calendar widely used in the Western world and that closely approximates the length of a solar year.
�grid: (1) In Business Graphics Utility and the GDDM function, uniformly spaced horizontal and vertical lines on a chart.; (2) In AFP Utilities, horizontal and vertical lines printed on an AFP resource, such as an electronic overlay, to help in the design of the AFP resource.
�grid computing: The ability, using a set of open standards and protocols, to gain access to applications and data, processing power, storage capacity and a vast array of other computing resources over the Internet. Grid computing uses a type of parallel and distributed system that enables the sharing, selection, and aggregation of resources distributed across multiple administrative domains based on their availability, capability, performance, cost, and users' quality-of-service requirements. See also virtualization, Open Grid Services Architecture, virtualized.
�grid job: A set of managed background activities. See also native start endpoint.
�grid WSDL (GWSDL): An extension to WSDL 1.1 that is used in the OGSI specification, which among other things enables interface inheritance and open content for various port type definitions. GWSDL is a temporary solution that supports grid services until the WSDL 1.2 draft specification can be approved by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
�gross lock: The shared, update, or exclusive mode locks on a table, partition, or table space. See also exclusive lock, shared lock.
�group: (1) A logical organization of users whose membership allows them to perform the same activities or provide the same authority to access resources.; (2) In a satellite environment, a collection of satellites that share characteristics such as the database configuration and the application that runs on the satellites.; (3) A collection of users who can share access authorities for protected resources.; (4) A named list of users and servers. It can be used in contact lists, access control lists, and so on.; (5) In places, two or more people who are grouped for membership in a place.; (6) In resource definition online, a collection of related resources. The main purpose of an RDO group is convenience in storing definitions in the CSD.; (7) A list of elements with information about how those elements can appear in a message. Groups can be ordered, unordered, or selective.; (8) With respect to partitioned data sets (PDSs), a member and the member's aliases that exist in a PDS or partitioned data set extended (PDSE), or in an unloaded PDSE.; (9) A set of related documents within an interchange. An interchange can contain zero to many groups.; (10) A logical set of managed objects. Groups can be dynamic, static, or task-based.; (11) A collection of organizing computers independent of any resource pool or application tier association. Groups can be static or dynamic.
�group address: In communications, a multidestination address associated with one or more stations on a given network. See also individual address.
�group authority: Authority to use objects, resources, or functions from a group profile.
�group buffer pool (GBP): A coupling facility cache structure that is used by a data sharing group to cache data and to ensure that the data is consistent for all members. See also cache structure.
�group buffer pool duplexing: The ability to write data to two instances of a group buffer pool structure: a primary group buffer pool and a secondary group buffer pool. z/OS publications refer to these instances as the "old" (for primary) and "new" (for secondary) structures.
�group buffer pool recovery pending (GRECP): The state that exists after the buffer pool for a data sharing group is lost. When a page set is in this state, changes that are recorded in the log must be applied to the affected page set before the page set can be used.
�group calendar: A display that shows the events for up to seven users at one time.
�Group Control System (GCS): In OSI Communications Subsystem, a VM operating environment in which the subsystem and Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM) run.
�group data area: A data area that is automatically created when an interactive job becomes a group job. This data area is shared by all jobs in the group but cannot be used by jobs outside the group.
�group data set: On MVS, a RACF-protected data set in which either the high-level qualifier of the data set name or the qualifier supplied by an installation exit routine is a RACF group name. See also user data set.
�grouped row: A row of data in a QBE target or example table that is summarized either by the G.keyword or a built-in function.
�Groupe Special Mobile (GSM): A CEPT/CCH standard for mobile telephony.
�group ID (GID): (1) In Resource Access Control Facility (RACF), a string of one to eight characters that identifies a group. The first character must be A through Z, #, $, or @. The rest can be A through Z, #, $, @, or 0 through 9.; (2) In the AIX operating system, a number that corresponds to a specific group name. The group ID can often be substituted in commands that take a group name as a value.; (3) In the UNIX operating system, an integer that uniquely identifies each group of users to the operating system.
�group identification number (GID): A 4 byte, unsigned integer (GID) that is used to identify a group profile. See also user identification number.
�group indication: In RPG, the printing of control information for only the first record of a group of records containing identical control information.
�grouping task: A task in the Task Center that contains other tasks. Tasks are used to define task actions that depend on the results of the tasks that the grouping task contains.
�group item: In COBOL, a named set of consecutive elementary or group items.
�group job: One of up to 16 interactive jobs that are associated in a group with the same work station device and user.
�group job name: The name that identifies a given job within a group.
�group job transfer: An operation performed by the Transfer to Group Job (TFRGRPJOB) command that will either start a new group job or resume an existing group job.
�group level: The release level of a data sharing group, which is established when the first member migrates to a new release.
�group list print descriptor: A special type of print descriptor used to define print descriptor groups, and the search order used when a print descriptor is referred to.
�group list table (GLT): A CICS table that identifies the library and file names for resource mapping that is to be installed when the control region is started.
�group member: (1) A user profile that is a member of a group profile.; (2) The name of an entity that joins an XCF group and communicates with IMS using the OTMA protocol. A member can be either a server (IMS) or a client.
�group message queue: A message queue that is associated with a group of jobs. When the message queue is set either to break mode or notify mode in the active group job, the mode is the same for any job in the group that becomes the active job.
�group name: (1) The z/OS XCF identifier for a data sharing group.; (2) A name that uniquely identifies a group of users to the system. The group name contains 1 - 8 alphanumeric characters, beginning with an alphabetic character or one of these special characters: #, $, or >.
�group profile: A profile that provides the same authority to a group of users.
�group-related user attribute: In RACF, a user attribute assigned at the group level that allows the user to control the resource, group, and user profiles associated with the group and its subgroups.
�group restart: A restart of at least one member of a data sharing group after the loss of either locks or the shared communications area.
�group scope: In a data sharing environment, the scope of a command that affects all members of a data sharing group.
�group terminal option: In RACF, a function that allows users within a group to log on only from those terminals that they have been specifically authorized to use.
�group window: In System i Access for Windows, a window that contains one or more icons that represent applications, functions, or documents.
�GRS: See global resource serialization.
�GRS complex (GRSplex): One or more z/OS images that share a common global resource serialization (GRS) policy in either a ring or star configuration.
�GRSplex: See GRS complex.
�GSAM: See generalized sequential access method.
�GSAM PCB: See generalized sequential access method program communication block.
�GSG: See global service group.
�GSK: See Global Security Kit.
�gsk7ikm: A utility that creates public-private key pairs and certificate requests, receives certificate requests into a key database, and manages keys in a key database.
�GSM: (1) See Groupe Special Mobile.; (2) See Global System for Mobile Communications.
�GSO: See global sign-on.
�GSR: See global shared resource.
�GSS API: See Generic Security Services application programming interface.
�GTF: See generalized trace facility.
�GTRID: See global transaction identifier.
�guaranteed level of service: See service level agreement.
�guaranteed print labeling: A method of print labeling that ensures the integrity of the identification label by preventing the user from changing the label. If attempts are made to override print labeling, printing is stopped, and an audit record is written. See also non-guaranteed print labeling.
�guaranteed service: A type of service class that ensures bandwidth availability and provides information on queuing delays. Guaranteed service is the most reliable of the service classes. It is commonly used for applications that cannot tolerate network delays or performance variations. For example, applications such as Internet Protocol (IP) telephony and other real-time applications have specific timing needs that require guaranteed service.
�guaranteed space: A storage class attribute indicating that space is to be allocated when a data set is created. If you specify explicit, volume, serial numbers, the storage management subsystem (SMS) honors them. If space to satisfy the allocation is not available on the user-specified volumes, the allocation fails.
�guard condition: A condition that must be satisfied before an associated event can occur.
�Guest LAN: A virtual local area network (LAN) segment that is emulated by the z/VM Control Program (CP). A Guest LAN can be shared by guest virtual machines on the same z/VM system.
�guest partition: A secondary partition that runs an operating system other than i5/OS. The guest partition requires another partition to host it. The purpose of the hosting partition is to supply paths from virtual I/O in the guest partition's operating system to real I/O hardware drivers in the hosting partition.
�guest virtual machine: In z/VM, the functional equivalent of a System z9 or zSeries system, including the virtual processors, virtual storage, virtual devices, and virtual channel subsystem allocated to a single user. Each guest virtual machine can be controlled by an operating system, such as CMS, z/VSE, z/OS, or Linux.
�GUI: See graphical user interface.
�GUID: See Globally Unique Identifier.
�guided sell metaphor: A metaphor that presents customers with a series of multiple-choice questions, where each answer determines the next question and eventually refines the search to a smaller list of products. The guided sell metaphor is intended for customers who are not sure where to start.
�guideline value: In capacity planning, a value used as a general guide for optimal resource utilization. If resource utilization is above the guideline value, the resource may be approaching a problem area or a threshold value. Guideline values are also available for the rate of synchronous reads in the machine pool and for the sum of all pools. See also threshold value.
�GUI designer: The VRPG tool suite that allows the user to create interfaces by dragging and dropping controls from the parts palette to the design window.
�GUPI: See General Use Programming Interface.
�GWA: See global work area.
�GWSDL: See grid WSDL.

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�H.323: A recommendation from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that defines standards for audio and video communications over Local Area Networks (LANs) that do not provide a guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS).
�H.323 gatekeeper: The central point for all calls within an H.323 Zone. An H.323 client registers with a gatekeeper to become part of an H.323 Zone. The gatekeeper performs switching functions for clients within the zone. It also performs bandwidth management services by preventing the number of connections from rising above a specified limit.
�H.323 gateway: A device that allows different conferencing protocols to communicate with each other. An H.323 gateway translates between H.323 clients, such as NetMeeting, and other conferencing protocols.
�H.323 zone: All H.323 clients, gateways, and multipoint control units managed by a single gatekeeper.
�HA: See high availability.
�hacker: An unauthorized person who tries to gain access to protected resources on a system. See also cracker.
�HACMP: See High-Availability Cluster Multi-Processing.
�HADR: See high availability disaster recovery.
�HA group: A collection of one or more members used to provide high availability for a process.
�HAL: See hardware abstraction layer.
�HALDB: See high availability large database.
�HALDB master: A named entity of a high availability large database that represents only the structural definition of data and refers to the entire collection of partitions.
�HALDB OLR: See HALDB online reorganization.
�HALDB online reorganization (HALDB OLR): A function of IMS that allows non-disruptive, online reorganization of PHDAM and PHIDAM partitions.
�HALDB partition: A named entity of a high availability large database that represents a partition of an HALDB.
�half-adjust: A method of rounding off a number by adjusting the last significant digit. When the number to the right of the last significant digit is 5 or greater, add 1 to the digit. For example, 2.475 half-adjusted to two decimal places becomes 2.48, but 2.474 becomes 2.47.
�half-duplex (HD): Describing a communications connection over which only one device at a time can transmit data. See also duplex.
�half-session: In SNA, one of the locations in a logical connection in a network.
�halfword: A contiguous sequence of bits or characters that constitutes half a computer word and can be addressed as a unit. See also doubleword, fullword, word.
�halfword binary: In DB2 for i5/OS, a binary number with a precision of 15 bits.
�halfword boundary: A storage location whose address is evenly divisible by 2. See also word boundary.
�halt indicator: In RPG, an indicator that stops the program when an unacceptable condition occurs. Valid halt indicators are H1 through H9.
�Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML): A specialized version of HTML designed to enable wireless pagers, cell phones and other handheld devices to obtain information from Web pages.
�handle: (1) A variable that represents an internal structure within a software system.; (2) A character string that is created by an extender that is used to represent an image, an audio, or a video object in a table. A handle is stored for an object in a user table and in administrative support tables. In this way, an extender can link the handle that is stored in a user table with information about the object that is stored in the administrative support tables.; (3) In application programming interfaces, a variable that represents an object, an instance of an application using some function, or a processing session.; (4) In WebSphere MQ, the identifier or token by which a program accesses an MQM object.; (5) In the AIX operating system, a data structure that is a temporary local identifier for an object. Allocating a handle creates it. Binding a handle makes it identify an object at a specific location.; (6) A character string that represents an object, and is used to retrieve the object.; (7) In the Java EE specification, an object that identifies an enterprise bean. A client may serialize the handle, and then later deserialize it to obtain a reference to the enterprise bean. (Sun); (8) In DB2 ODBC, a variable that refers to a data structure and associated resources.
�handle cursor: (1) A pointer that keeps track of the current exception handler.; (2) A pointer used by the condition manager as it traverses the stack. The handle cursor points to the condition handler currently being invoked in the stack frame, whether it is a user-written condition handler or a condition handler specific to a high level language.
�handled condition: A condition that either a user-written condition handler or the high-level language-specific condition handler has processed and for which the condition handler has specified that execution should continue. See also unhandled condition.
�handler: (1) A function that is registered by the application programmer to be called by the system or by the application when certain events occur in the system or application.; (2) A software routine that controls a program's reaction to specific external events, such as an interrupt handler.; (3) In the CICS/ESA Front End Programming Interface (FEPI), a transaction initiated to handle specified events.; (4) In Web services, a mechanism for processing service content and extending the function of a JAX-RPC runtime system.
�hand raise: An action that gets the meeting leader's attention during a session. The user can click the "hand raise" button and then ask a question.
�handshake: The exchange of messages at the start of a Secure Sockets Layer session that allows the client to authenticate the server using public key techniques (and, optionally, for the server to authenticate the client), then allows the client and server to cooperate in creating symmetric keys for encryption, decryption, and detection of tampering.
�hang: (1) To become unresponsive to user commands and to stop or appear to stop processing.; (2) A condition in which software becomes unresponsive to user commands and stops or appears to stop processing.
�Hanja: Korean characters derived from Chinese.
�HA policy: A set of rules that is defined for an HA group that dictate whether zero (0), or more members are activated. The policy is associated with a specific HA group by matching the policy match criteria with the group name.
�hard address: The arbitrated loop physical address (AL_PA) that a node loop port (NL_port) attempts to acquire during loop initialization.
�hard booking: The allocation of a resource that commits the resource to work on a project for its entire duration. Contoured work is placed in a planned state.
�hardcoded: Pertaining to software instructions that are statically encoded and not intended to be altered.
�hardcopy: A printed copy of machine output in a visually readable form, such as printed reports, documents, and summaries.
�hard disk: A nonremovable storage medium used for storage of data on a personal computer.
�hard disk drive (HDD): A stand-alone disk drive that reads and writes data on rigid disks and can be attached to a port on the system unit.
�hardened message: A message that is written to auxiliary (disk) storage so that the message is not lost in the event of a system failure.
�hard link: (1) In a file system, an actual path to an existing object. A hard link is established by creating a directory entry. A hard link cannot cross file systems.; (2) A named connection between an object and its parent directory. An object may have multiple named connections between itself and one or more parent directories.
�hard page segment: A page segment that is declared in the Map Page Segment structured field and loaded in the printer before printing begins. This resource can be reused during the job without being reloaded in the printer. Hard page segments can be controlled by a page segment list in a page definition. See also soft page segment.
�hard resource: A resource declared in the appropriate Map structured field and loaded in the printer the first time it is referenced. It can be reused during the job without being reloaded to the printer. See also soft resource.
�hardware: The physical components of a computer system. See also software.
�hardware abstraction layer (HAL): In operating systems such as Windows NT, a layer in which assembly language code is isolated. A hardware abstraction layer functions similarly to an application programming interface (API) and is used by programmers to write device-independent applications.
�hardware cell: In the GDDM function, the default character box associated with a particular display.
�hardware character: In the GDDM function, an alphanumeric character provided by the display station, usually from a display file.
�hardware configuration definition (HCD): An interactive interface in z/OS that is used to define hardware configurations to the operating system and the channel subsystem.
�hardware control point: The hardware device through which the management server controls node hardware.
�hardware default font: The font used by the printer if no other font is specified.
�Hardware Management Console (HMC): A system that controls managed systems, including the management of logical partitions and use of Capacity Upgrade on Demand. Using service applications, the HMC communicates with managed systems to detect, consolidate, and send information to IBM for analysis.
�Hardware Management Console Application (HWMCA): A user-customized, object-oriented graphical user interface (GUI) that provides a single point of control for the system's hardware elements. The HWMCA provides aggregated and individual real-time system status using colors; consolidated hardware messages support; consolidated services support; and hardware commands targeted at a single system, multiple systems, or a group of systems.
�hardware monitor: A monitor that collects and displays events and statistical data both for hardware and for software applications to identify failing resources in a network. For problem determination, it also provides probable cause information and recommended actions. See also session monitor.
�hardware scanner: An application that searches the physical components of a computer system and returns information on these components with varying levels of detail, specified in the scanner configuration.
�hardware service manager: A tool for displaying and working with system hardware from both a logical and a packaging viewpoint, for debugging input/output processors (IOPs) and devices, and for fixing failing and missing hardware.
�hardware system area (HSA): A logical area of central storage, not addressable by application programs, used to store Licensed Internal Code and control information.
�harvesting: In the Reusable Asset Specification (RAS), the activity of extracting reusable content, assets and architectures.
�has components relationship: The type of relationship that indicates dedicated containment, such as a parent-child relationship among components in which the child components cannot be shared with other components. See also federates relationship, fixes relationship.
�hash: In computer security, a number generated from a string of text that is used to ensure that transmitted messages arrived intact.
�hash function: A function that determines which category, or bucket, to put an element in. A hash function is needed when implementing a hash table.
�hashing: A method by which a large number of memory records are stored and can then be efficiently searched. This is accomplished through the use of a tailored index that organizes the memory records. This arrangement of records is called a hash table.
�hash join: A method for joining two or more files together that uses a hash value to find the matching keys.
�hash partitioning: A data distribution strategy in which a hashing algorithm is applied to a distribution key value to determine the database partition to which a row is assigned.
�hash table: (1) The arrangement of memory records.; (2) A table of information that is accessed by way of a shortened search key (the hash value). The use of a hash table minimizes average search time.; (3) A data structure that divides all elements into (preferably) equal-sized categories, or buckets, to allow quick access to the elements. The hash function determines which bucket an element belongs in.
�hash value: A number that is generated from a string of text. The hash value (or simply hash), is substantially smaller than the text itself and is generated by a formula in such a way that is extremely unlikely that some other text will produce the same hash value. Hashes are used in security systems to ensure that transmitted messages have not been tampered with and also are used to access data records.
�HA solution: See high availability solution.
�HASP: See Houston Automatic Spooling Program.
�HATS: See Host Access Transformation Services.
�HATS application: An application that presents a Web-enabled version of a host application to users. A HATS application is created in HATS Studio from a HATS project and deployed to WebSphere Application Server and/or interacts with other host applications or e-business applications to present combined information to an end user.
�HATS EJB project: A project that contains enterprise beans made from Integration Objects that other applications can call to get host data. A HATS EJB project does not present transformed screens from a host application.
�HATS entry servlet: The servlet that is processed when a user starts a HATS application.
�HATS project: A collection of resources (also sometimes called "artifacts") created and customized in HATS Studio, which can be assembled into a HATS application.
�HATS Studio: The component of HATS that runs on WebSphere Studio and enables users to work with HATS projects to create HATS applications.
�HATS/WebFacing enabled project: A project that can be linked with a HATS project for the purpose of creating combined applications with full access to both WebFacing and HATS customization capabilities. See also linked HATS/WebFacing project.
�HBA: See host bus adapter.
�HC: See heuristic commit.
�HCD: See hardware configuration definition.
�HCF: See Host Command Facility.
�HCP: See host command processor.
�HCP emulation: See host command processor emulation.
�HD: See half-duplex.
�HDAM: See hierarchical direct access method.
�HDB3: See High-density bipolar of order 3.
�HDD: See hard disk drive.
�hdisk: An AIX term representing a logical unit number (LUN) on an array.
�HDLC: See High-level Data Link Control.
�HDML: See Handheld Device Markup Language.
�HD organization: See hierarchic direct organization.
�HDR: (1) See host-discovered resource.; (2) See header label.
�head: A device that reads, writes, or erases data on a storage medium.
�head and disk assembly: The portion of a hard disk drive (HDD) associated with the medium and the read/write head.
�header: (1) In disk management, the 8-byte portion of the 520-byte disk sector used by the operating system for control and access information.; (2) The portion of a message that contains control information.; (3) System-defined control information that precedes user data.; (4) Text that is formatted to be in the top margin of printed pages in a document. See also footer.; (5) See include statement.
�header file: See include file.
�header fragment: The first fragment in a series of fragments.
�header label (HDR): (1) A set of information on a diskette or tape that describes the contents of the diskette or tape.; (2) The label or data set label that precedes the data records on a unit of recording medium.
�header record: (1) A record that contains information, such as customer name and customer address, that is common to detail records. See also detail record.; (2) In RPG, output records that are printed at the top of a report and include report titles, column headings, or any other data needed to identify the information in the report.
�headless: Pertains to a program or application that can run without a graphical user interface or, in some cases, without any user interface at all. Headless operation is often used for network servers or embedded systems.
�health: The general condition or state of the database environment.
�Health Center: The DB2 graphical interface that shows the overall state of the database environment and all current alerts. From the Health Center, a user can get details about alerts and recommended resolution actions.
�health check report: A report that shows the values over time of one or more metrics, which can be selected from one or more star schemas, for one or more components. Typically, a health check report shows time-delineated, diagnostic data that shows the fluctuation of key indicators. See also extreme case report, summary report.
�health controller: An autonomic manager that constantly monitors defined health policies. When a specified health policy condition does not exist in the environment, the health controller verifies that configured actions correct the error.
�health indicator: A measure of some aspect of the health of an object. Threshold-based health indicators identify whether the behavior of an object is within ranges of normal, warning, and alarm. State-based health indicators identify whether the state of an object is normal or non-normal. See also health monitor alert.
�Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): A legislative act in the U.S. that requires health plans and providers to use a common format when electronically communicating health information.
�health monitor: An instance-level monitor that creates alerts based on a health indicator exceeding a threshold or being in non-normal state. The monitor sends notifications to the notification log and also sends e-mails and pages to contacts on its notification list.
�health monitor alert: An alert that is generated by the health monitor and is based on the type of health indicator. See also health indicator.
�health notification contact list: A set of contacts that receives notifications when health alerts occur.
�health snapshot: Health data, retrieved from the database manager at a point in time, for a set of database objects.
�heap: (1) An object that provides dynamic storage for a procedure. The object is part of the activation group and is deleted when the activation group is deleted.; (2) A logical grouping of memory that fulfills the needs of a particular component. For example, the utility heap memory is used by DB2 utilities such as backup, restore, and load.; (3) An area of storage that is allocated with a lifetime unrelated to the execution of the current routine. The heap consists of the initial heap segment and zero or more increments.; (4) In Java programming, a block of memory that the Java virtual machine (JVM) uses at run time to store Java objects. Java heap memory is managed by a garbage collector, which automatically de-allocates Java objects that are no longer in use.
�heap element: An area of contiguous storage that is allocated upon request from the user application. Heap elements are always allocated within a single heap segment. See also heap segment.
�heap identifier: A number that identifies a heap within its activation group.
�heap increment: The second and subsequent segments of storage allocated when the initial heap segment does not have enough free storage to satisfy a request for heap storage.
�heap pool: A storage pool used by the storage manager to improve the performance of heap storage allocation. The use of heap pools can improve the performance of an application, especially multi-threaded applications.
�heap segment: A contiguous area of storage obtained directly from the operating system. The Language Environment storage management scheme subdivides heap segments into individual heap elements. If the initial heap segment becomes full, Language Environment obtains a second segment, or increment, from the operating system. See also heap element.
�heap storage: An area of storage used for allocation of storage that has a lifetime that is not related to the execution of the current routine. The heap consists of the initial heap segment and zero or more increments.
�heartbeat: A signal that one entity sends to another to convey that it is still active. See also Remote Technical Assistance and Information Network, call home, heartbeat call-home record.
�heartbeat call-home record: Machine operating and service information sent to a service machine. These records might include such information as feature code information and the logical-configuration information for a product. See also heartbeat.
�heartbeat flow: A pulse that is passed from a sending message channel agent (MCA) to a receiving MCA when there are no messages to send. The pulse unblocks the receiving MCA, which would otherwise remain in a wait state until a message arrived or the disconnect interval expired.
�heartbeat interval: The time, in seconds, that is to elapse between heartbeat flows.
�heavyweight thread: A type of thread that has a one-to-one correspondence with a task control block (TCB) in that the lifetime of the thread is the lifetime of the TCB.
�held query: A query that was prevented from running by Query Patroller because its estimated cost is higher than a Query Patroller threshold. The query is held until released by Query Patroller itself or by a user with sufficient authority, such as an administrator. See also managed query, intercepted query.
�held state: The state of a connection that results in the connection being maintained after the next commit operation. This is the initial state of connections. See also released state.
�hello message: A message sent periodically to establish and test reachability between routers or between routers and hosts.
�Hello Protocol: A protocol used by OSPF systems for establishing and maintaining neighbor relationships.
�help level specification: In a display file, data description specification coded between the record and field level that defines areas on the screen and associates help information with those areas.
�help module: In user interface manager, the smallest part of a panel group object that can be displayed separately. A help module can be used for contextual help, extended help, or a hypertext node.
�help panel: A screen of information that presents tutorial text to assist a user at a workstation or terminal.
�hertz (Hz): A unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second.
�heterogeneous computer network: A computer network in which computers have dissimilar architecture, but nevertheless are able to communicate.
�Heterogeneous Workload Management: A core capability of the IBM Autonomic Computing Initiative that addresses the need to definitively determine the cause of a bottleneck in a complex system, including response time measurement and transaction processing.
�heuristic commit (HC): A decision to commit some, but not all, of the protected resources in an ACID transaction.
�heuristic damage: The inconsistency in data between one or more participants that results when a heuristic decision to resolve an indoubt LUW at one or more participants differs from the decision that is recorded at the coordinator.
�heuristic decision: (1) A decision to force a commit or rollback of a logical unit of work in part of a transaction program network that is using the two-phase commit protocol. A heuristic decision is made when a system or communication failure prevents the logical unit of work from being completed.; (2) An action that is independent of the DB2 transaction manager to commit or roll back a transaction on a DB2 database.; (3) A decision that forces indoubt resolution at a participant by means other than automatic resynchronization between coordinator and participant.
�heuristic mixed: Pertaining to an inconsistent state of resources in an ACID transaction when some resources were committed and some resources were backed out.
�heuristic reset: The decision to back out some, but not all, of the protected resources in a transaction.
�hexadecimal: Pertaining to a numbering system that has a base of 16.
�hexadecimal constant: A constant, usually starting with special characters, that contains only hexadecimal digits.
�hexadecimal string: In REXX, any sequence of zero or more hexadecimal digits (0-9, a-f, or A-F), optionally separated by blanks, delimited by apostrophes or quotation marks, and immediately followed by the symbol x or X.
�HFS: See hierarchical file system.
�HFS data set: See hierarchical file system data set.
�HFS file: An object that exists in a mountable file system.
�HIDAM: See hierarchical indexed direct access method.
�hidden address: An address that is mapped to another address. The method of mapping that is used does not allow external systems to initiate communications with hidden addresses unless port numbers are specified.
�hidden field: A field in a display file that is passed to and from the program but is not sent to the display.
�hide function: In AFP Utilities, a function on the screen view used to display elements hidden by other elements that were specified after the hidden elements and in the same or approximate position as the hidden elements.
�hierarchical: Pertaining to data that is organized on computer systems using a hierarchy of containers, often called folders (directories) and files. In this scheme, folders can contain other folders and files. The successive containment of folders within folders creates the levels of organization, which is the hierarchy.
�hierarchical business object: A business object that contains one or more child business objects. See also flat business object, top-level business object.
�hierarchical CSM: A tiered Cluster Systems Management (CSM) environment in which a top-level executive management server (EMS) manages mid-level first-line management servers (FMS).
�hierarchical direct access method (HDAM): A database access method using algorithmic addressability to records in a hierarchic direct organization. A choice of OSAM or VSAM ESDS is available as a base for HDAM.
�hierarchical file system (HFS): (1) A part of the i5/OS operating system that includes the application programming interfaces and the underlying file system support. HFS enables an application written in a high-level language to create, store, retrieve, and manipulate data on a storage device. The view of the data to the user is a hierarchical directory structure similar to DOS.; (2) A system for organizing files in a hierarchy, as in a UNIX system.
�hierarchical file system data set (HFS data set): A data set that contains a particular type of file system that is compliant with the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX). An HFS data set is a collection of files and directories organized in a hierarchical structure that can be accessed using z/OS UNIX System Services (z/OS UNIX).
�hierarchical indexed direct access method (HIDAM): A database access method used for indexed access to records in a hierarchic direct organization. It provides indexed access to the root segments and pointer access to subordinate segments.
�hierarchical indexed sequential access method (HISAM): A database access method used for indexed access to records in a hierarchic sequential organization.
�hierarchical loop (HL): A technique for describing the relationship of data entities which are related in a parent to child manner, like a corporate organization chart.
�hierarchical naming: A system of naming that reflects the relationship of names to the certifiers in an organization. Hierarchical naming helps distinguish users with the same common name for added security and allows for decentralized management of certification. The format of a hierarchical name is: common name/organizational unit/organization/country code -- for example, Pam Tort/Fargo/Acme/CA.
�hierarchical sequential access method (HSAM): An IMS HS organization that is used for sequential storage and access of segments on tape or direct access storage. BSAM and QSAM are used as the basis for HSAM.
�hierarchical storage management (HSM): A function that automatically distributes and manages data on disk, tape, or both by regarding devices of these types and potentially others as levels in a storage hierarchy that range from fast, expensive devices to slower, cheaper, and possibly removable devices. The objectives are to minimize access time to data and maximize available media capacity. See also recall, storage hierarchy, migrate.
�hierarchical view: In Notes, a view that distinguishes between main documents and response documents. Each main document has its response documents indented under it.
�hierarchic database: A database organized in the form of a tree structure that predetermines the access paths to data stored in the data base. DL/I, IMS, and SQL/DS are hierarchic database managers.
�hierarchic direct organization (HD organization): The physical storage organization in which database segments that represent a physical database record are related by direct address pointers in the segment's prefix.
�hierarchic sequence: In a database, the sequence of segment occurrences in a database record defined by traversing the treetop to bottom, front to back, and left to right.
�hierarchic sequential organization (HS organization): The physical storage organization in which database segments that represent a physical database record are related by adjacency.
�hierarchy: (1) In COBOL, a set of entries that includes all subordinate entries to the next equal- or higher-level number.; (2) The tree-like arrangement of segments in a database, beginning with the root segment and proceeding down to dependent segments.; (3) A defined relationship among a set of attributes that are grouped by levels in the dimension of a cube model.
�hierarchy of parts: A tree structure that defines the superior and subordinate EGL parts at definition time, as reflected in any of three kinds of EGL files.
�high availability (HA): (1) Pertaining to a clustered system that is reconfigured when node or daemon failures occur, so that workloads can be redistributed to the remaining nodes in the cluster. See also application tier.; (2) The ability of IT services to withstand all outages and continue providing processing capability according to some predefined service level. Covered outages include both planned events, such as maintenance and backups, and unplanned events, such as software failures, hardware failures, power failures, and disasters. See also high availability solution.
�High-Availability Cluster Multi-Processing (HACMP): Software that provides host clustering, so that jobs are moved to other hosts within the cluster if one host fails.
�high availability disaster recovery (HADR): A disaster recovery solution that uses log shipping and provides data to a standby system if a partial or complete site failure occurs on a primary system. See also asynchronous mode, Q replication, standard database, standby database, log shipping.
�high availability file system: A cluster file system that can be used for component redundancy to provide continued operations during failures.
�high availability large database (HALDB): A partitioned full-function DL/I database. The supported database organizations are PHDAM, PHIDAM, and PSINDEX.
�high availability manager: A framework within which core group membership is determined and status is communicated between core group members.
�high availability solution (HA solution): A combination of hardware, software, and services that fully automates the recovery process and does not disrupt user activity. HA solutions must provide an immediate recovery point with a fast recovery time. See also high availability.
�high-capacity input station: A transfer station used by the operator to add tape cartridges to the Automated Tape Library Dataserver (ATLDS), which is inside the enclosure.
�high-capacity output station: A transfer station used by the operator to remove tape cartridges from the Automated Tape Library Dataserver (ATLDS), which is inside the enclosure.
�High-density bipolar of order 3 (HDB3): An E1 line coding method in which each block of four successive zeros is replaced by 000V or B00V, so that the number of B pulses between consecutive V pulses is odd. Therefore, successive V pulses are of alternate polarity so that no dc component is introduced. Note: B represents an inserted pulse conforming to the alternate mark inversion rule and V represents an AMI violation. HDB3 is similar to B8ZS used with T1.
�High Level Assembler: An IBM licensed program that translates symbolic assembler language into binary machine language.
�high-level assembler language (HLAS): One of the programming languages in which applications for CICS/VSE can be coded.
�High-level Data Link Control (HDLC): A form of communications line control that uses a specified series of bits rather than control characters to control data transmission over a communications line.
�high-level language (HLL): A programming language that provides some level of abstraction from assembler language and independence from a particular type of machine.
�high-level language pointer (HLL pointer): A source pointer that the programmer declares in the user program.
�highlight: To emphasize a display element or segment by changing its visual attributes.
�high-order: The most significant; leftmost. For example, bit 0 in a register is the high-order bit.
�high-performance file system (HPFS): In PC operating systems, an installable file system that uses high-speed buffer storage, known as a cache, to provide fast access to large disk volumes. The file system also supports the coexistence of multiple, active file systems on a single personal computer, with the capability of multiple and different storage devices.
�high performance optical file system (HPOFS): An IBM-developed media-format architecture that is available when initializing optical media. This media format is required for Write Once Read Many (WORM) media, and it is the default media format when initializing erasable optical media.
�high performance option (HPO): An option provided with MVS to improve performance by reducing the transaction pathlength; that is, the number of instructions needed to service each request.
�High-Performance Routing (HPR): An addition to APPN that enhances data-routing performance and session reliability.
�high private area: Part of the CICS address space, consisting of the local system queue area (LSQA), the scheduler work area (SWA), and subpools 229 and 230. The area at the high end of the CICS address space is not specifically used by CICS, but contains information and control blocks that are needed by the operating system to support the region and its requirements. See also local system queue area.
�high-speed line: A communications line that transmits at speeds greater than 19,200 bits per second.
�high-speed link (HSL): A hardware connectivity architecture that links system processors to system I/O buses and other systems.
�high-speed link loop: The system-to-tower connectivity technology that is required to implement switchable independent disk pools residing on an expansion unit (tower). The servers and towers in a cluster using resilient devices on an external tower must be on an HSL loop connecting with HSL cables.
�high-speed link ring (HSL ring): A logical ring of HSL connections originating from the HSL controller of a processor unit, sequentially connecting I/O or other processor units and ending back at the HSL controller where the ring originated.
�high-speed sequential processing (HSSP): An option, available only to batch message programs, for optimizing the sequential processing of DEDB areas. A simultaneous image copy can also be created.
�high threshold of occupancy: In DFSMShsm, the upper limit of space that can be occupied on a volume managed by DFSMShsm.
�high watermark setup (HWS): A method to allocate a minimum number of unique device types that fulfill the requirements for each job step. Devices used in one step can be released and used again in later steps.
�hijacked file: A version of an element in a snapshot view or a Web view that is modified but not checked out.
�HIPAA (HIPAA): See Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
�Hiperbatch: An extension to both the queued sequential access method (QSAM) and the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) designed to improve performance. Hiperbatch uses the Data Lookaside Facility to provide an alternate fast-path method of making data available to many batch jobs.
�HiperSockets: A System z hardware feature that provides high performance internal communications between logical partitions (LPARs) within the same central processor complex (CPC) without the use of any additional or external hardware equipment such as a channel adapter.
�hiperspace: A high-performance, virtual-storage space of up to 2 gigabytes (GB). Unlike an address space, a hiperspace contains only user data and does not contain system control blocks or common areas; code does not execute in a hiperspace. Unlike a data space, data in a hiperspace cannot be referenced directly; data must be moved to an address space in blocks of 4 KB before being processed.
�hiperspace memory file: A type of file that is stored in a single buffer in an address space, with the rest of the data being kept in a hiperspace. In contrast, for regular files, all the file data is stored in a single address space.
�Hiragana: One of the two common Japanese phonetic alphabets (the other is katakana). The symbols are cursive or curvilinear in style. Hiragana syllables are typically used in the representation of native Japanese words and grammatical particles. See also Katakana, Kanji.
�HISAM: See hierarchical indexed sequential access method.
�histogram: (1) In the GDDM function, a chart in which each value of the dependent variable corresponds to a range of values of the independent variable (represented by the width of the associated bar). For example, such a chart might display the number of people in various age ranges.; (2) In Performance Tools, a bar graph used in the performance advisor to display the variations over time of one type of data in a performance data collection.
�histogram statistics: A way of summarizing data distribution. This technique divides up the range of possible values in a data set into intervals, such that each interval contains approximately the same percentage of the values. A set of statistics are collected for each interval.
�historical analysis: In Query Patroller, the analysis of past usage of a data warehouse for reasons such as management reporting, tuning, and optimization of Query Patroller thresholds.
�historical inventory: A set of files that contain information about Infoprint Server print jobs that are no longer on the JES spool. These print jobs finished processing or were deleted from the JES spool. Infoprint Central can display information about print jobs in the historical inventory.
�history: Metadata in a versioned object base (VOB) that consists of event records for objects in that VOB.
�history file: A file in which a record is kept of shell commands that are executed.
�history log: (1) A summary of the system activities, such as system and job information, device status, system operator messages, and a record of program temporary fix (PTF) activity on the system. The history log is identified by the name QHST, and the system-recognized identifier for the object type is *MSGQ.; (2) A file that keeps a record of activities for a workflow.
�history log data set: A sequential data set in which all SMP/E actions are recorded. Each zone has its own SMPLOG data set.
�HL: See hierarchical loop.
�HLAS: See high-level assembler language.
�HLL: See high-level language.
�HLL pointer: See high-level language pointer.
�HLQ: High-level qualifier.
�HLR: See home location register.
�HMAC: See Keyed-Hashing Message Authentication Code.
�HMC: See Hardware Management Console.
�HMC 5250 console: An emulation session to a logical partition's i5/OS operating system.
�holdable result set: A result set that is associated with a cursor that was created with the WITH HOLD clause.
�hold delivery: The method of delivering messages to a message queue that holds the messages until the user requests them. The user is not notified when a message arrives.
�hole: A row of a result table that cannot be accessed because a delete operation or an update operation has been performed on that row.
�home address: A field at the beginning of a track that contains information that identifies the physical track and its association with a cylinder. See also track.
�home address space: The area of storage that z/OS currently recognizes as dispatched.
�home cell: See local cell.
�home directory: The current directory associated with the user at the time of login.
�home interface: In enterprise beans, an interface that defines zero or more create and remove methods for a session bean or zero or more create, finder, and remove methods for an entity bean. See also remote interface.
�home location: (1) In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, the storage location where available media is stored awaiting reuse. Typically, this is the on-site tape inventory.; (2) In DFSMSrmm, the location to which DFSMSrmm normally returns a volume when the volume is no longer retained by vital records processing.
�home location register (HLR): A database in a cellular system that contains all the subscribers within the provider's home service area.
�home menu: The menu that is displayed if the user presses the Home key while the cursor is in the home position of a menu.
�home method: A method in the home interface that is used by a client to create, locate, and remove instances of enterprise beans.
�home page: (1) The initial Web page that is returned by a Web site when a user specifies the URL for the Web site. Essentially, the home page is the entry point for accessing the contents of the Web site.; (2) The top-level Web page of a portal.
�home position: (1) In System i Access, the first position of the first input field on the display.; (2) The position (farthest left) to which the print head moves after the printer is turned on and the Stop or Reset button is pressed.; (3) The first item in a list or the first line of help information.
�home submap: In Tivoli NetView, the root, or home, submap associated with all maps when they are opened.
�home system: The first system in a chain of systems that are linked by any combination of TELNET and pass-through requests.
�homologation: The process of getting a telephony product approved and certified by a country's telecommunications authority.
�hook: A location in a compiled program where the compiler has inserted an instruction that allows programmers to interrupt the program (by setting breakpoints) for debugging purposes.
�hook flash: A signal sent to a switch to request a switch feature (such as call transfer).
�hop: One segment of a transmission path between adjacent nodes in a routed network.
�hop count: A measure of the links between two systems on a network. A hop count of 5 means that four gateways separate the source and destination machines.
�horizontally displayed records: Subfile records that are grouped so that each line on the display shows more than one record of the same record format.
�horizontal scaling: A topology in which more than one application server running on multiple computing nodes is used to run a single application.
�host: (1) A computer that is connected to a network and provides an access point to that network. The host can be a client, a server, or both a client and server simultaneously. See also server, client.; (2) In a cooperative processing environment, the system running the server program with which the CoOperative Development Environment/400 session communicates.; (3) In TCP/IP, any system that has at least one Internet address associated with it.; (4) In performance profiling, a machine that owns processes that are being profiled. See also server.; (5) The controlling or highest-level system in a data communications configuration.
�Host Access Transformation Services (HATS): An IBM software set of tools that provides Web-based access to 3270 and 5250-based applications and data sources.
�host adapter: A physical subunit of a storage server that provides the ability to attach to one or more host I/O interfaces.
�host address: See IP address.
�host application: An application residing on the host computer.
�host bay: The physical space used for installing host adapters. The ESS has multiple host bays, with an equal number of bays assigned to each cluster.
�host bus adapter (HBA): An interface card that connects a host bus, such as a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, to the storage area network.
�host-centric application: In VisualAge RPG, an application in which the user's program logic is stored and run on the host.
�host command: In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a command processed on a host system. It can be sent from the host emulation window or from the AD/Cycle CoOperative Development Environment session.
�Host Command Facility (HCF): A feature available on a System/370, 43xx, or 30xx host system that enables a user on the host system to use applications on a System i system or other systems as if they were using remotely attached 5250-type display stations.
�host command processor (HCP): The SNA logical unit of the programmable store system store controller.
�host command processor emulation (HCP emulation): A function of the Point-of-Sale Utility licensed program that allows the System i system to appear to the host command processor (HCP) in a point-of-sale system as if the System i system were the System/370 host system.
�host computer: In a computer network, a computer that provides services such as computation, database access, and network control functions.
�host-discovered resource (HDR): A set of storage hardware resources that are attached to a host system and are available on the operating system.
�hosted partition: A logical partition that is dependent on another logical partition for I/O resources. The I/O resources that a hosted partition can share include disk, CD, and tape devices.
�host expression: A Java variable or expression that is referenced by SQL clauses in an SQLJ application program.
�host ID: (1) In TCP/IP, that part of the internet address that defines the host on the network. The length of the host ID depends on the type of network class (A, B, or C).; (2) A numeric identifier assigned to a group of host fibre-channel ports for the purpose of logical unit number (LUN) mapping. For each host ID, there is a separate mapping of Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) IDs to virtual disks (VDisks).
�host identifier: A name that is declared in the host program.
�hosting application: A software application that acts as a containing environment for another software application. For example, a servlet engine is a hosting application for a servlet.
�hosting domain: A root managed resource that provides manageability interfaces to the multiple indirect managed resources that are associated with it. For example, a messaging server, along with the queue managers and queues that are its indirect managed resources, is a hosting domain. See also direct managed resource, indirect managed resource.
�hosting environment: A type of managed resource that acts as a container for a set of hosted managed resources throughout their lifetime. See also change manager, installable unit, smallest installable unit.
�hosting partition: Either the primary or a secondary partition that is not a guest partition. The hosting partition has the real I/O devices that the virtual I/O device drivers in a guest partition connect to. The hosting partition also supplies the guest partition's DST console session, via a TELNET connection into the hosting partition. The guest partition's console is not part of the hosting partition's console. The host partition's console, the guest partition's console session and the guest partition's operating system's console are all different console sessions.
�hosting requirement: A prerequisite that is met by a hosting application.
�host keypad: A set of buttons or links representing functions typically available from a host keyboard, such as function keys or the Enter key. See also application keypad.
�host language: Any programming language in which SQL statements or XQuery expressions can be embedded.
�host list: A comma-separated-value list of hosts used to add large numbers of hosts to the provisioning server without having to start the hosts individually on the network.
�hostmap file: See host name mapping file.
�host master key: In Cryptographic Support, a type of key-encrypting key used to encrypt data-encrypting keys and whose variants are used to encrypt all other key-encrypting keys stored on the system.
�host master-key variant: In Cryptographic Support, a key-encrypting key derived from the host master key that is used to encrypt a certain type of cross-domain key.
�host-mixed encoding scheme: An encoding scheme that contains a mixture of single-byte EBCDIC code pages and double-byte host code pages. A 5026 encoding scheme, for example, is CP290 (single byte) and CP300 (double byte).
�host name: (1) In Internet communication, the name given to a computer. Sometimes, host name is used to mean the fully qualified domain name; other times, it is used to mean the most specific subname of a fully qualified domain name. For example, if mycomputer.city.company.com is the fully qualified domain name, either of the following host names can be used: mycomputer.city.company.com or mycomputer.; (2) The network name for a network adapter on a physical machine in which the node is installed.
�host name mapping file: A file containing a list of host names and associated hardware control information.
�host node: In SNA, a subarea node that contains a system services control point (SSCP), for example, an IBM System/390 computer with MVS and VTAM.
�host object: A logical object that groups one or more worldwide port names (WWPNs) of the host bus adapters (HBAs) that the cluster has detected on the storage area network (SAN).
�host platform server: A physical server that has hosting capabilities for virtual servers.
�host print transform (HPT): An i5/OS print function that converts an SNA character string (SCS) data stream into an ASCII data stream. The conversion enables consistent ASCII printing through hardware connections.
�host processor: (1) The primary or controlling computer in a multiple computer installation.; (2) A processor that controls a user application network.
�host program: An application program that is written in a host language and that contains embedded SQL statements or XQuery expressions.
�host resource: A resource found either in a system library, in a user library, or inline in the print data set.
�host server: Any computer on a network that is a repository for services available to other computers on the network.
�hosts relationship: A relationship that indicates the component only applies to a specific hosting environment.
�host structure: In an application program, a structure that contains a list of host variables that can be referred to by embedded SQL statements.
�host system: (1) See host.; (2) An enterprise mainframe computer system that hosts 3270 applications. In the 3270 terminal service development tools, the developer uses the 3270 terminal service recorder to connect to the host system.; (3) A computer, either mainframe (S/390 or zSeries) or open-system, that is connected to the ESS. S/390 or zSeries hosts are connected to the ESS through ESCON or FICON interfaces. Open-systems hosts are connected to the ESS by the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) or the fibre-channel interface.
�host table: A list of host names and associated Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
�host terminal: A HATS Studio tool. A session tied to a particular HATS connection, which the HATS developer can use to capture screens, create screen customizations, and record macros.
�host transit time: The average time (in seconds) that all transactions spend in the host. The time includes both VTAM and application time. It is also reported as an average for the transactions that originate at the logical unit for which data collection is occurring.
�host variable: (1) In an application program, a variable that is referred to by embedded SQL statements. Host variables are programming variables in the application program and are the primary mechanism for transmitting data between tables in the database and application program work areas.; (2) A program data area that provides value to or receives value from a column in an SQL table.
�host variable array: An array of elements, each of which corresponds to a value for a column. The dimension of the array determines the maximum number of rows for which the array can be used.
�host zone: A zone defined in the storage area network (SAN) fabric in which the hosts can address the SAN Volume Controllers.
�hot backup: In a remote journal network, pertaining to the function of replicating an application's dependent data from one primary System i product to a backup System i product. If the primary system fails, processing can be performed on the backup system.
�hot deployment: The process of adding new components to a running server without stopping and restarting the application server or application. See also dynamic reloading.
�hot directory: See monitored directory.
�hot key: (1) A key sequence used to shift operations between different applications or between different functions of an application.; (2) To jump from a host session to an application on a workstation, or from the workstation to the host session.
�hot link: In VisualAge RPG, a function used to copy information to and from Microsoft Windows programs.
�hot plug: To install a hardware component without turning off the system.
�hot servant region: A servant region that had a request dispatched to it previously and now has available threads.
�hot spare: Pertaining to redundant hardware (such as an adapter, a disk, or a server) that is installed and available in the event of a hardware failure.
�hot spot: (1) Text or a picture in a rich-text field that a user can click to perform an action, run a formula or script, or follow a link.; (2) An area of the display that, when clicked on, calls a macroinstruction.
�hot standby: A redundant server that, if the primary server or hub server fails, assumes the responsibilities of the failed server.
�hot start: A type of warm restart that is performed when JES terminates abnormally and an initial program load (IPL) has not yet occurred.
�hot-swap: Pertaining to a device that is capable of being replaced while the system is on.
�hot writer: An output writer that must be started and stopped by the operator. Hot writers are typically used when operator intervention is anticipated, for example, when changing forms.
�hourly average data: An average of all response times detected by a policy over a one-hour period. See also instance data.
�Houston Automatic Spooling Program (HASP): A mainframe spooling program that provides task management, job management, and data management functions.
�hover help: A form of online help that can be viewed by moving a cursor over a GUI item such as an icon or field.
�HPFS: See high-performance file system.
�HPO: See high performance option.
�HPOFS: See high performance optical file system.
�HPR: See High-Performance Routing.
�HPS network: The network that interconnects the High Performance Switch (HPS) adapters.
�HPT: See host print transform.
�HRI: See human readable interpretation.
�HSA: See hardware system area.
�HSAM: See hierarchical sequential access method.
�HSL: See high-speed link.
�HSL ring: See high-speed link ring.
�HSM: See hierarchical storage management.
�HSM complex (HSMplex): One or more z/OS images running DFSMShsm that share a common set of control data sets (CDSs).
�HSMplex: See HSM complex.
�HS organization: See hierarchic sequential organization.
�HSSP: See high-speed sequential processing.
�HT: See Hyper-Threading.
�HTML: See Hypertext Markup Language.
�HTTP: See Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
�HTTP channel: A type of channel within a transport chain that provides client applications with persistent HTTP connections to remote hosts that are either blocked by firewalls or require an HTTP proxy server. An HTTP channel is used to exchange application data in the body of an HTTP request and an HTTP response that are sent to and received from a remote server.
�HTTPd: See HTTP daemon.
�HTTP daemon (HTTPd): A multithreaded Web server that receives incoming Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests.
�HTTP method: An action that is used by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol. HTTP methods include GET, POST, and PUT.
�HTTP-NG: See HyperText Transfer Protocol-Next Generation.
�HTTP over SSL (HTTPS): A Web protocol for secure transactions that encrypts and decrypts user page requests and pages returned by the Web server.
�HTTP request: A transaction that a Web browser initiates and that adheres to HTTP.
�HTTPS: (1) See HTTP over SSL.; (2) See Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.
�HTTP Server for i5/OS: A licensed program that enables a computer that uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to serve objects by responding to requests from other programs, such as browsers. The IBM HTTP Server for i5/OS, which supports the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol, provides secure communications between a server and an SSL-capable browser.
�HTTP transaction: A single HTTP request, such as clicking a link, and an associated response, such as displaying a page.
�hub: (1) A fibre channel device that connects nodes into a logical loop by using a physical star topology. See also fabric.; (2) A customer-facing store that enables partners or clients.; (3) A half-duplex device that sums all of its input and then broadcasts that sum on all output to the connected adapters. A hub has a large collision domain and shared media.
�hub administrator: The superuser who configures the hub and who has the ability to perform all the tasks associated with setting up and administering the hub.
�hue: The gradual variations of colors such as blue, green, red, yellow, and so on.
�Huffman coding: A character-coding technique to compress data.
�human readable interpretation (HRI): In AFP Utilities, the characters printed above or below a bar code. These characters are read by people, not by scanners.
�human task: An interaction between people and business processes or services. See also inline task, stand-alone task.
�hunt group: (1) A set of telephone lines from which a non-busy line is hunted to handle, for example, an incoming call.; (2) A group of Domino servers that are assigned one phone number. Clients dial the one phone number and connect to any available server. Hunt groups balance the load on servers.
�HWMCA: See Hardware Management Console Application.
�HWS: See high watermark setup.
�Hyades: An integrated test, trace, and monitoring environment, based on Eclipse, that provides standards, tools, and tool interoperability. Now obsolete.
�hybrid code: Program statements that have not been internationalized with respect to code page, especially where data constants contain variant characters. Such statements can be found in applications written in older implementations of MVS, which required syntax statements to be written using code page IBM-1047 exclusively. Such applications cannot be converted from one code page to another using iconv().
�hybrid search: A combined Boolean search and free text search.
�hyperbolic viewer: A viewer that allows interactive navigation of graphical structures that are too large to render in their entirety by providing controls that expand or collapse individual sections of those graphical structures.
�hyperlink: (1) A direct connection between the data in one CICSPlex SM view and a view containing related information. For example, from a view that lists multiple CICS resources, there may be a hyperlink to a detailed view for one of the resources. To use a hyperlink, place the cursor in the data portion of a hyperlink field and press Enter.; (2) An area on a Web page that, when clicked, connects you to another area on the page or another Web page.
�hyperlink field: On a CICSPlex SM view, a field for which a hyperlink is defined. Headings of hyperlink fields are shown in high intensity or color, depending on the terminal type.
�hypertext: A way of presenting information online with connections (called hypertext links) between one piece of information (called a hypertext node) and another.
�hypertext link: The connection between one hypertext node and another.
�Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): A markup language that conforms to the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) standard and was designed primarily to support the online display of textual and graphical information, including hypertext links.
�hypertext node: In a hypertext environment, a complete module of information that is linked to other relevant modules by hypertext links.
�Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): An Internet protocol that is used to transfer and display hypertext and XML documents on the Web.
�HyperText Transfer Protocol-Next Generation (HTTP-NG): A replacement for HTTP 1.0, HTTP-NG maintains HTTP 1.0's simplicity while adding important features such as security and authentication.
�Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): An Internet protocol that is used by Web servers and Web browsers to transfer and display hypermedia documents securely across the Internet.
�Hyper-Threading (HT): A technology with which a single processor can function as two virtual processors and execute two threads simultaneously.
�hyperview: An elliptical view that enables users to see a large number of resources at once.
�hypervisor: A program or a portion of Licensed Internal Code that allows multiple instances of operating systems to run simultaneously on the same hardware.
�Hz: See hertz.

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