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IBM Terminology

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�AAL: See ATM adaptation layer.
�AARP: See AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol.
�ABAP/4: See Advanced Business Application Programming/4.
�ABARS: See aggregate backup and recovery support.
�abbreviated combined relation condition: In COBOL, a combined condition that omits a common subject or a common subject and common relational operator from a consecutive sequence of relational conditions. For example, (A and B) or (A and C) can be abbreviated A and (B or C).
�abbreviated installation: A process in which the verification and i5/OS error recovery part of installation is done without restoring the saved version of the operating system. See also normal installation.
�abbreviated trace: Optional format for CICS trace entries which summarizes the information in full trace entries. See also full trace.
�abbreviation: A shortened form of a word or phrase that represents the full form of the term.
�ABC: See activity based costing.
�abend: See abnormal end of task.
�abend reason code: A 4-byte hexadecimal code that uniquely identifies a problem with a program that runs on z/OS.
�ABLE: See Agent Building and Learning Environment.
�ABLE Rule Language (ARL): A rule-based programming language that is used to express business logic outside of program logic. ARL provides tight integration with Java objects, and the tooling provided with ABLE is based on the Eclipse platform.
�ABLE Rules Engine: A technology of the IBM Autonomic Computing initiative that provides a set of fast, reusable, and scalable learning and reasoning components that capture and share individual and organizational knowledge, correlate events, and apply policies to take the appropriate action.
�ABM: See activity based management.
�ABME: See asynchronous balanced mode extended.
�abnormal end of task (abend): The termination of a task, job, or subsystem because of an error condition that recovery facilities cannot resolve during execution.
�abnormal termination: (1) An exit that is not under program control, such as a trap or a segmentation violation.; (2) A system failure or operator action that causes a job to end unsuccessfully.
�abort: In data communications, a function called by a sending primary, secondary, or combined station that causes the recipient to discard and ignore all bit sequences transmitted by the sender since the preceding flag sequences or to discard and ignore all data transmitted by the sender since the previous checkpoint.
�absolute address: An address that, without the need for further evaluation, identifies a storage location or a device.
�absolute mode: In storage management, a backup copy group mode that specifies that a file is considered for incremental backup even if the file has not changed since the last backup. See also modified mode.
�absolute path: The full path name of an object. Absolute path names begin at the highest level, or root directory (which is identified by the forward slash (/) or backward slash (\) character). See also relative path.
�absolute path name: A string of characters used to refer to an object, starting at the highest level (or root) of the directory hierarchy. The absolute path name must begin with a slash (/), which indicates that the path begins at the root. See also relative path name.
�absolute positional pattern: In REXX, the part of a parsing template that allows a string to be split by the specification of numeric positions. A positional pattern has no sign or has an equal sign.
�absolute time: A time relative to a selected previous time from which the time scale (or measurement of time) begins. For example, if you want to start a batch job using absolute time and the time scale begins at midnight, specifying an absolute time of 07:00 would mean that the batch job runs at 7 a.m. If the timescale begins at 9 a.m. with an absolute time of 07:00, the batch job would run at 4 p.m.
�absolute value: The numeric value of a number regardless of its algebraic sign (positive or negative).
�abstract class: (1) In object-oriented programming, a class that represents a concept; classes derived from it represent implementations of the concept. An object cannot be constructed from an abstract class; that is, it cannot be instantiated. See also parent class, base class, concrete class.; (2) A class with at least one pure virtual function that is used as a base class for other classes.
�abstract code unit (ACU): A measurement used by the z/OS XL C/C++ compiler for judging the size of a function. The number of ACUs that comprise a function is proportional to its size and complexity.
�abstract data type: A mathematical model that includes a structure for storing data and operations that can be performed on that data. Common abstract data types include sets, trees, and heaps.
�abstraction: (1) A data type with a private representation and a public set of operations.; (2) The creation of a view or model that suppresses unnecessary details to focus on a specific set of details of interest.
�abstraction relationship: In UML modeling, a dependency relationship that connects model elements, or sets of model elements, that represent the same concept at different levels of abstraction, or from different viewpoints. See also dependency relationship.
�abstract schema: Part of the deployment descriptor for an entity bean that is used to define the bean's relationships, persistent fields, or query statements.
�abstract sensor value: An abstract representation of the typed data values that a class of sensor interfaces can potentially provide. The actual data values that a sensor provides are sensor values.
�abstract syntax: A data specification that includes all distinctions that are needed in data transmissions, but that omits (abstracts) other details such as those that depend on specific computer architectures. See also transfer syntax.
�Abstract Syntax Checker (ASC): In OSI, a utility program for OSI Communications Subsystem that processes user-specified ASN.1 statements and generates (a) data structures in a user-selected programming language that define the format of the data used to communicate with peer application entities, and (b) the metatable that OSI Communications Subsystem uses to encode and decode the data passed between application entities.
�Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): In Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), a notation for defining data structures and data types. The notation is defined in international standards ISO 8824/ITU X.208 and ISO 8825/ITU X.209.
�abstract test: A component or unit test that is used to test Java interfaces, abstract classes, and superclasses; that cannot be run on its own; and that does not include a test suite. See also component test.
�Abstract User Interface Markup Language (AUIML): An XML implementation that provides a platform and technology-neutral method of representing windows, wizards, property sheets, and other user interface elements. It defines the purpose of the user interface, such that it can be described once and rendered to the user in multiple environments and on various devices.
�Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT): In Java programming, a collection of GUI components that were implemented using native-platform versions of the components. These components provide that subset of functionality which is common to all operating system environments. (Sun) See also Swing Set, Standard Widget Toolkit.
�abuttal operator: In REXX, when two terms in an expression are adjacent and are not separated by an operator, they are said to abut. The effect of this operation is that the two terms are concatenated without a blank.
�ac: See alternating current.
�AC adapter: See autonomic computing adapter.
�AC adoption model: See autonomic computing adoption model.
�ACB: (1) See adapter control block.; (2) See application control block.
�ACBGEN: See application control block generation.
�ACC: See application control command.
�accelerator: In a user interface, a key or combination of keys that invokes an application-defined function.
�accept calls: An inbound X.25 DTE attribute that determines whether or not the local node accepts a call from an adjacent node.
�accept operation: An operation that deletes the backup software package so that the previous operation cannot be restored.
�accept reverse charging: An inbound X.25 DTE attribute that determines whether or not the local node pays for a call from an adjacent node.
�access: (1) The ability to read, update, or otherwise use a resource. Access to protected resources is usually controlled by system software.; (2) To obtain computing services or data.
�access ACL: An access control list (ACL) that provides protection for a file system object.
�access-any mode: One of the two access modes that can be set for the ESS during initial configuration. It enables all host systems, attached to fibre channel and with no defined access profile, to access all logical volumes (LVOLs) on the ESS. With a profile defined in ESS Specialist for a particular host, that host has access only to volumes that are assigned to the worldwide port name (WWPN) for that host. See also anonymous, anonymous host, EsconNet, FiconNet, worldwide port name.
�access authority: One of a range of possible authority levels that control access to protected resources.
�access bean: An enterprise bean wrapper that is typically used by client programs, such as JSP files and servlets. Access beans hide the complexity of using enterprise beans and improve the performance of reading and writing multiple EJB properties.
�access client: A component that acts as an intermediary between collaborations and an external process such as a Web server. The access client communicates with InterChange Server through Server Access Interface.
�access code: A code that allows service providers to track the channel through which the subscriber is acquired and to provide a specific set of deals to that customer. Access codes are paired with registration names for the enrollment process. Access codes include tokens that define either the number of times the access code can be used or the period of time that the access code can be used before it expires. See also registration name.
�access collection: A group of objects that have data-level access control. Users can access objects in an access collection if they have been given the necessary access which is based on role definitions that are stored in the Configuration Management database.
�access control: In computer security, the process of ensuring that users can access only those resources of a computer system for which they are authorized.
�access control environment element (ACEE): In RACF, a control block containing details of the current user, including user ID, current connect group, user attributes, and group authorities. An ACEE is constructed during user identification and verification.
�access control information (ACI): Data that identifies the access rights of a group or principal.
�access-controlled section: A defined area on a form that allows only certain users to edit the fields in the section. In addition to fields, an access-controlled section can include objects, layout regions, and text.
�access control list (ACL): In computer security, a list associated with an object that identifies all the subjects that can access the object and their access rights.
�access control list facility (ACL facility): A security feature that verifies access to objects.
�access control list group (ACL group): In the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), a group of users who have the same access privileges.
�access function: A user-provided function that converts the data type of text stored in a column to a type that can be processed by DB2 Net Search Extender and DB2 Text Search.
�access group: A type of member group used to define access control. See also site administrator.
�accessibility: An attribute of a software or hardware product that is usable by individuals who have disabilities.
�accessible: Pertaining to an object for which a client has a valid designator or handle.
�access ID: The unique identification of a user used during authorization to determine if access is permitted to the resource.
�access intent: (1) The resource type attribute that determines how a resource participates in a transaction when the resource has been placed under commitment control. The possible access intents are update, read-only, and undetermined access intent.; (2) In RACF, a subsystem's intended use of a protected resource.; (3) In IMS, a subsystem's intended use of a database. This is in contrast to the sharing level of the database itself, which specifies how the database can be shared.; (4) Metadata that optimizes and controls the runtime behavior of an entity bean with respect to concurrency control, resource management, and database access strategies.
�access intent policy: A grouping of access intents that governs a type of data access pattern for enterprise bean persistence.
�access key: In ESA key-controlled storage, a key associated with a storage access request. When key-controlled protection applies to a storage access, a store operation (write) is permitted only when the storage key matches the access key; a fetch (read) is permitted when the keys match or when the fetch-protection bit of the storage key is zero. In most cases, the access key for a storage operation is the program status word (PSW) key in the current PSW.
�access level: In computer security, the level of authority a user has while accessing a secured file or library.
�access list: In RACF, the part of a resource profile that specifies the users and groups that may access the resource and the level of access granted to each.
�access list entry token (ALET): A token that serves as an index into an access list.
�access method: A technique for moving data between main storage and input/output devices.
�access method control block: A control block that links an application program to Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) or Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM).
�access method services (AMS): A multifunction utility named IDCAMS that is used to manage catalogs, devices, and both VSAM and non-VSAM data sets.
�access mode: (1) A form of access permitted for a file.; (2) The manner in which files are referred to by a computer. See also dynamic access, random access, sequential access.; (3) One of the modes in which a logical unit (LU) in a disk controller system can operate. The three access modes are image mode, managed space mode, and unconfigured mode. See also unconfigured mode, managed space mode, image mode.
�access modifier: A keyword that controls access to a class, method, or attribute. The access modifiers in Java are public, private, protected, and package, which is the default.
�accessor: In computer security, an object that uses a resource. Users and groups are accessors.
�accessor method: A method that an object provides to define the interface to its instance variables. See also getter method, setter method, mutator method.
�accessory: (1) A type of merchandising association in which a suggested product is chosen as an addition to the currently displayed or selected product. See also cross-sell, merchandising association, up-sell.; (2) An IBM designation for a separately orderable part that has no type number, is for purchase only, and does not receive normal IBM maintenance.
�accessory script: A CGI script that processes SEARCH, POST, PUT, or DELETE requests. The accessory scripts process requests that are not explicitly mapped to a CGI script named on an EXEC directive.
�access path: The method that is selected by the database manager for retrieving data from a specific table. For example, an access path can involve the use of an index, a sequential scan, or a combination of the two.
�access path journaling: A method of recording changes to an access path as changes are made to the data in the database file so that the access path can be recovered automatically by the system.
�access permission: (1) The object authority to a high-performance file system file.; (2) A group of designations that determine the users who can access a particular file and how the users can access the file.; (3) The access privilege that applies to an object.
�access plan: (1) The set of access paths that is selected by the query optimizer to evaluate a particular SQL or XQuery statement. The access plan specifies the order of operations to resolve the execution plan, the implementation methods (such as JOIN), and the access path for each table that is referenced in the statement.; (2) In DB2 for i5/OS, the control structure produced during compile time that is used to process SQL statements encountered when the program is run.
�access point: (1) In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), either the point at which an abstract service is obtained, or a connection between a directory user agent (DUA) and a directory system agent (DSA).; (2) A cluster node that is being used as the primary source for replicated objects and for initiating changes to the object.
�access point group: A collection of core groups that defines the set of core groups in the same cell or in different cells that communicate with each other.
�access procedure: The protocol used to gain access to a shared resource; for example, in a local area network, the shared resource is the transmission medium. The medium access protocol specified by the IEEE 802 standard are CSMA/CD token, bus, and ring.
�access program: A user-provided part of a FEPI application that handles the main communications with application programs in CICS or IMS systems.
�access protocol: A protocol used between an external subscriber and a switch within a telephone network.
�access register (AR): A register through which one address space accesses the data in another address space or data space.
�access register mode (AR mode): The address space control mode in which the system uses general purpose registers and the corresponding access register (AR) to resolve an address in an address space or a data space. See also address space control mode, primary mode.
�access request: A request from an access client to InterChange Server.
�access response: Response returned from a component in InterChange Server to an access request.
�access scheduling: The selection by DL/I of IMS, DL/I, or SQL/DS database access tasks that are to be run. A CICS application program designed to access DL/I databases must schedule its access to DL/I.
�access security information field (ASIF): In SNA, a field within Function Management Header Type 5 (FMH-5), which is used to convey security information.
�access security information subfield (ASIS): In SNA, a subfield within Function Management Header Type 5 (FMH-5), which is used to convey security information.
�access specifier: A specifier that defines whether a class member is accessible in an expression or declaration. The three access specifiers are public, private, and protected.
�access token: An object that contains security information for a process or thread, including the identity and privileges of the user account that is associated with the process or thread.
�access unit: A unit that allows attaching devices to access a local area network (LAN) at a central point, such as a wiring closet or an open work area.
�access volume: A logical drive that allows the host-agent to communicate with the controllers in the storage subsystem.
�accompany data set: In aggregate backup and recovery support (ABARS), a data set that is physically transported from the backup site to the recovery site instead of being copied to the aggregate data tape. It is cataloged during recovery.
�account: (1) In WebSphere Commerce Payments, a relationship between the merchant and the financial institution that processes transactions for that merchant. There can be multiple accounts for each payment cassette.; (2) An entity that contains a set of parameters that define the application-specific attributes of a user, which include the identity, user profile, and credentials.; (3) A logical grouping of configuration items that is used to control access. An account can represent a company in a data center that supports more than one company, a department, or other groupings.
�accountability: (1) See nonrepudiation.; (2) The quality of being responsible for one's actions.
�account document: A document that contains information, such as the user name and password, about an Internet connection.
�accounting class data: High-level data produced by the CICS monitoring facility which can be used for installation accounting purposes, such as the number of transactions for a given combination of transaction identifier, transaction type, terminal, and operator. This data is the minimum required to enable accounting routines to associate particular transactions with particular users or terminals.
�accounting code: A 15-character field, assigned to a job by the system when it is processed by the system, that is used to collect statistics for the system resources used for that job when job accounting is active.
�accounting entry: A journal entry that contains statistics of system resources used for job accounting.
�accounting level: A system value identifying the type of data to be recorded when job accounting is active.
�accounting segment: The period of time during which statistics are gathered, beginning when the job starts or when the job's accounting code is changed, and ending when the job ends or when the job's accounting code is next changed.
�accounting string: User-defined accounting information that is sent to DRDA servers.
�account representative: A defined role in WebSphere Commerce responsible for creating contracts for accounts, and monitoring account activity. Account representatives are part of the sales organization, and can be involved in the creation of targeted sales promotions such as discounts and coupons.
�accumulator: (1) A register in which one operand of an operation can be stored and subsequently replaced by the result of that operation.; (2) A printer hardware feature that supplies a separate storage area to hold data in raster form. It can be used either for composing a sheet of data that combines a large amount of variable and constant data, or for storing an electronic overlay in raster form so that the overlay is merged with variable data as the page is printed.
�ACD: (1) See automatic call distribution.; (2) See automatic call distributor.
�ACD group: In telephony, the set of multiple agents assigned to process incoming telephone calls that are directed to the same dialed number. The routing of incoming calls to one of the agents in the ACD group is based on such properties as availability of the agent and length of time since the agent completed the last incoming call.
�ACDI: See Asynchronous Communications Device Interface.
�AC distributed infrastructure: See autonomic computing distributed infrastructure.
�ACD pilot number: In telephony, the common telephone number that calling parties can dial to route calls to one of multiple agents.
�ACDS: See active control data set.
�ACEE: See access control environment element.
�ACF: (1) See attribute configuration file.; (2) See Advanced Communications Function.
�ACF/TCAM: See Advanced Communications Function for Telecommunications Access Method.
�ACF/VTAM: See Advanced Communications Function for Virtual Telecommunications Access Method.
�ACG: See adaptive code generation.
�ACI: See access control information.
�ACID property: One of the properties of a transaction: atomicity, consistency, isolation, or durability. See also atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability.
�ACID transaction: A transaction involving multiple resource managers using the two-phase commit process to ensure atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable (ACID) properties.
�ACIF: See AFP Conversion and Indexing Facility.
�ACK: (1) See acknowledgment.; (2) See acknowledgment character.
�ACK0: See even positive acknowledgment.
�ACK1: In binary synchronous communication, the odd-numbered, positive acknowledgment, which indicates that text was received without transmission errors.
�acknowledged service: In communications, the service that provides for the establishment of a data link level connection. Acknowledged service provides for functions such as sequencing, flow control, and error recovery. See also unacknowledged service.
�acknowledgment (ACK): The transmission of acknowledgment characters as a positive response to a data transmission.
�acknowledgment character (ACK): A transmission control character that is sent as an affirmative response to a data transmission.
�ACL: (1) See access control list.; (2) See application connectivity link.
�ACL facility: See access control list facility.
�ACL group: See access control list group.
�ACLI (administrative CLI): See administrative command-line interface.
�ACL monitor: In Domino, a document created in the Statistics & Events database that causes the Event task on a server to monitor a specific database for ACL changes.
�AC maturity index: See autonomic computing maturity index.
�ACO: See automated console operation.
�acoustic panel: A panel bonded with a material to reduce operating noise from the devices in the rack.
�ACP: See adapter configuration profile.
�acquire: To assign a display station or session to a program.
�acquired activity: An activity that a program executing outside the process that contains the activity has gained access to, by issuing an ACQUIRE command. The activity remains acquired until the next syncpoint occurs. Acquiring an activity enables the program to read and write to the activity's data-containers, read the process data-containers of the process that contains the activity and issue various commands, including RUN and LINK, against the activity. See also acquired process.
�acquired process: The process whose root activity a program currently has access to. A program acquires a process in one of two ways: either by defining it; or, if the process already exists, by issuing an ACQUIRE PROCESS command. The process remains acquired until the next syncpoint occurs. Acquiring a process enables the program to read and write to the process's data-containers, read and write to the root activity's data-containers and issue various commands, including RUN and LINK, against the process. A program can acquire only one process (root activity) or one descendant activity within the same unit of work. See also acquired activity.
�acquire-program-device operation: An operation that makes a program device available for input or output operations. See also release-program-device operation.
�acquirer: In e-commerce, the financial institution (or an agent of the financial institution) that receives from the merchant the financial data relating to a transaction and authorizes the transaction.
�ACRI: See additional coding-related required information.
�ACS: See automatic class selection.
�ACSE: See association control service element.
�ACSE association: In OSI, an association that uses the services provided by association control service elements.
�ACS installation exit: Installation-supplied code that is run after an automatic class selection (ACS) routine. The ACS installation exit provides capabilities beyond the scope of the ACS routine.
�ACS interface routine: A procedure that calls an automatic class selection (ACS) routine from an ACS installation-exit routine.
�ACS routine: See automatic class selection routine.
�action: (1) A defined task that an application performs on an object as a result of an event.; (2) An access control list (ACL) permission attribute.; (3) A single step that specifies a unit of work in a collaboration business process. See also action node, activity, code fragment, collaboration template.; (4) The specification of an executable statement that forms an abstraction of a computational procedure. An action typically results in a change in the state of the system, and can be realized by sending a message to an object or modifying a link or a value of an attribute.; (5) In a policy-enabled system, a type of unsolicited decision that specifies the operation or set of operations to run when a policy is evaluated, selected, and executed. In Policy Management for Autonomic Computing, only a single operation is supported.; (6) An instruction in an artifact that defines a change management operation that needs to be performed in a hosting environment.; (7) A series of processing steps, such as document validation and transformation.; (8) In a business rule, the event that results from the evaluation of the condition.; (9) An activity that is run on a transition.
�action bar: See menu bar.
�action bean: A logging bean used to log user activity during Web site visits. Action data is used to determine rule and campaign effectiveness.
�action body: The part of a rule that contains actions to take if the rule evaluates to true.
�Action class: In Struts, the superclass of all action classes.
�action code: A software-generated or hardware-generated code that indicates a recovery action. In printers, the hardware action code is byte 2 of the sense data.
�action command: (1) Any command used to obtain or modify Management Information Base (MIB) variables.; (2) A CICSPlex SM command that affects one or more of the resources represented in a view. Action commands can be issued from either the COMM field in the control area of the information display or the COMMAND field in a displayed view.
�action definition (ACTNDEF): In real-time analysis, a definition of the type of external notification that is to be issued when the conditions identified in an analysis definition are true.
�action descriptor: An XML file that defines the specific actions that are needed to install or to uninstall an installable unit into a specific hosting environment. See also artifact.
�action group: An explicitly defined group of operations corresponding to Java commands that act on resources.
�action list: An approved list of the actions, defined by a system administrator or some other workflow coordinator, that a user can perform in a workflow or document routing process.
�action mapping: A Struts configuration file entry that associates an action name with an Action class, a form bean, and a local forward.
�action message: A request for operator intervention from the operating system.
�Action Message Retention Facility (AMRF): A z/OS facility that, when active, retains all action messages except those specified by the installation.
�action node: A unit of work within an activity diagram of a collaboration template. Every action node has an associated Java code fragment that defines the actions in the unit of work. Within an activity diagram in Process Designer, an action node is represented by a rounded rectangle symbol. See also action, code fragment.
�action object: An object created by applications that contain requests that set, clear, or display Management Information Base (MIB) object attributes on a machine.
�Action Palette: An area containing folders and icons that can be selected to create state table actions.
�action sequence: An expression that resolves to a sequence of actions.
�action service: (1) In OSI, a callable service that causes the OSI Communications Subsystem to take an action, such as a data transfer. See also callable service, extract service, set services.; (2) A service that triggers a process or notification to inform users about a situation.
�action service handler: An entity that is responsible for the invocation mechanism of one or more action services.
�action servlet: In Struts, a program that is started by the servlet container of a Web server to process a request that invokes an action, receives a forward from the action, and asks the servlet container to pass the request to the forward's URL.
�action set: In Eclipse, a group of commands that a perspective contributes to the main toolbar and menu bar.
�actions profile: In VisualAge RPG, a collection of actions that can be associated with a specific project.
�action state: A state that represents the execution of a single action, typically the invocation of an operation.
�action subroutine: In VisualAge RPG, logic written by the user to respond to a specific event.
�activate: (1) To allocate static storage for a program.; (2) To make a resource ready to perform its function.; (3) To validate the contents of a policy set and then make it the active policy set.; (4) To establish a new storage management policy for the storage management subsystem (SMS) complex by loading the contents of a source control data set (SCDS) into SMS address-space storage and into an active control data set (ACDS), or loading the contents of an existing ACDS into SMS address-space storage.
�activate logical unit (ACTLU): In SNA, a command used to start a session on a logical unit.
�activate physical unit (ACTPU): In SNA, a command used to start a session on a physical unit.
�activation: (1) A processing step that prepares a program to be run. Activation can include allocating and initializing static storage for programs in a job and completing some portions of binding.; (2) In Java, the process of transferring an enterprise bean from secondary storage to memory. (Sun) See also passivation.; (3) The attachment of an activity to perform one of a series of processing steps. In order to perform all its processing, an activity may need to be activated several times. In between, it "sleeps". See also pseudoconversational.
�activation condition: A Boolean expression in a node within a business process that specifies when processing is to begin.
�activation group: A substructure of a job in which Integrated Language Environment (ILE) programs and service programs are activated. This substructure contains the resources necessary to run the program. These resources include: static and global program variables, dynamic storage, temporary data management resources, certain types of exception handlers and ending procedures.
�activation group number: A 4-byte number that uniquely identifies an activation group within the job.
�active: (1) Pertaining to a resource that is currently operational.; (2) Pertaining to a file, page, or program that is in main storage or memory, as opposed to a file, page, or program that must be retrieved from auxiliary storage.; (3) Pertaining to a node or device that is connected or is available for connection to another node or device.; (4) In cross-site mirroring, pertaining to the configuration state of a mirror copy that indicates geographic mirroring is being performed.
�active agent: An agent that is processing a request for an application. See also idle agent, inactive agent.
�active-alternate pair: An SAA run-time library that establishes a common execution environment for a number of SAA programming languages.
�active attack: In computer security, an assault on a network that involves an intruder who tries to break into or take over a computer that belongs to someone else. Spoofing is an example of an active attack.
�active class: (1) A class representing a thread of control in the system.; (2) A class whose instances are active objects. See also active object.
�active configuration: The storage management subsystem (SMS) configuration currently used to control the managed storage in the installation. The definition of this configuration is in the active control data set (ACDS). See also SMS configuration.
�active context handle: In DCE Remote Procedure Call (RPC) applications, a context handle that the RPC has set to a non-null value and has passed back to the calling program. The calling program supplies the active context handle in any future calls to procedures that share the same client context.
�active control data set (ACDS): A Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) linear data set that contains a source control data set (SCDS) that has been activated to control the storage management policy for the installation. The ACDS is shared by each system that is using the same SMS configuration to manage storage. See also communications data set, control data set, source control data set.
�active data: (1) Data that can be accessed without any special action by the user, such as data on primary storage or migrated data. Active data also can be stored on tape volumes. See also inactive data.; (2) For tape mount management, application data that is frequently referenced, small in size, and managed better on a direct access storage device (DASD) than on tape.
�active environment group: A collection of mapping structured fields, positioning controls, and data descriptors that define the environment for a page. These structured fields form an internal object in a composed text page, page definition, or overlay.
�active file: A file on a tape or diskette volume with an expiration date later than the system date.
�active gateway: A gateway that is treated like a network interface in that it is expected to exchange routing information. If it does not do so for a period of time, the route associated with the gateway is deleted.
�active group job: A group job that was not suspended by the Transfer to Group Job (TFRGRPJOB) command.
�active IMS: (1) In an RSR environment, an IMS that runs at an active site, performs production work, and is monitored by the tracking IMS. See also tracker.; (2) In an XRF environment, an IMS that performs production work and is monitored by the alternate IMS. See also alternate IMS.; (3) If FDBR is used, the IMS that performs production work. The active IMS is monitored by a separate Fast Database Recovery IMS control region.
�active IRLM: The internal resource lock manager (IRLM) that supports the active IMS subsystem in an XRF complex. See also alternate IRLM.
�active library: The library from which IMS draws its execution information when online change is used.
�active link: A link that is currently available for transmission of data.
�active log: (1) The primary and secondary log files that are currently needed for recovery and rollback. See also archive log.; (2) The portion of the DB2 for z/OS log to which log records are written as they are generated. The active log always contains the most recent log records.; (3) A data set with a fixed size on which WebSphere MQ records recovery events as they occur. When the active log is full, WebSphere MQ copies its contents to a data set called the archive log. See also archive log, recovery log.
�active meeting: A Sametime meeting that is in progress and available for participation. See also meeting status.
�active member state: A state of a member of a data sharing group. An active member is identified with a group by the cross-system coupling facility (XCF), which associates the member with a particular task, address space, and MVS system. A member that is not active has either a failed member state or a quiesced member state.
�active monitor: In a token-ring network, a function performed at any one time by one ring station that initiates the transmission of tokens and provides token error recovery facilities. Any active adapter on the ring has the ability to provide the active monitor function if the current active monitor fails.
�active name: A Sametime awareness component that appears as an HTML real-time link to registered Sametime participants. An active name provides visual indication of a person's online status. See also awareness component, presence list.
�active object: (1) An object that owns a thread and can initiate control activity.; (2) An instance of active class. See also active class.
�active open: In TCP/IP, the state of a connection that is actively providing a service. See also passive open.
�active partition: In BMS, the partition that contains the cursor. It can be scrolled vertically. While a partition is active, the cursor wraps round at the viewport boundaries, and any input key transmits data from that partition only.
�active policy set: The activated policy set that contains the policy rules currently in use by all client nodes assigned to the policy domain.
�active program: Any program that is loaded and ready to be executed.
�active record: An active subfile record or any record format that is currently shown on a display. See also inactive record.
�active routine: The currently executing program or sequence of instructions called by a program.
�Active Server Page (ASP): An HTML page that includes embedded programming code written in scripting languages like VBScript or Jscript that is processed on a Web server before the page is sent to the user. ASP is a Microsoft technology.
�active session: (1) A session that connects the active CICS to an end user.; (2) In XRF, a session between a class 1 terminal and the active system.
�active site: In a Remote Site Recovery (RSR) environment, the data-processing center containing active IMSs.
�active sort table: A system-supplied sort table that contains the collating sequences for all defined double-byte characters in a double-byte character set. These tables are maintained by the character generator utility function of the Application Development ToolSet feature.
�active subfile: A subfile in which a write operation is issued to the subfile record format or to the subfile control record format when the DDS Subfile Initialize (SFLINZ) keyword for display files is in effect.
�active subfile record: A record that is added to the subfile by a write operation, or a record that was initialized by the DDS keyword SFLINZ. See also inactive subfile record.
�active subsystem: See active IMS.
�active system: In an XRF environment, the CICS system that currently supports the processing requests of the user.
�active task: (1) A CICS task that is eligible for dispatching by CICS.; (2) During emergency restart, a task that completed an LUW and started another, but that did not cause any records to be written to the system log during the second LUW.
�active version: The most recent backup version of a file. The active version of a file cannot be deleted until a backup process detects that the user has either replaced the file with a newer version or has deleted the file from the workstation. See also inactive version, backup version.
�active window: The window with which a user is currently interacting. This is the window that receives keyboard input. It is distinguishable by the unique color of its title bar and border.
�activity: (1) In OSI, a logical unit of work into which peer application entities can separate the data that they exchange.; (2) In System Manager, a change management operation initiated by the central site, for example, sending an object, deleting a file, and installing a PTF. An activity is a single stop within a change request.; (3) An operation in an activity plan that is performed on a set of targets on a specific schedule and that can depend upon the execution of other activities.; (4) A unit of work or a building block that performs a specific, discrete programmatic task.; (5) In BTS, one part of a process managed by CICS business transaction services. Typically, an activity is part of a business transaction. A program that implements an activity differs from a traditional CICS application program only in its being designed to respond to BTS events.; (6) An item within a course outline that contains some tasks for the student to complete, such as taking a test or attending a live session in the LearningSpace -- Virtual Classroom.; (7) A set of steps that perform a portion of a scenario. See also action, activity diagram, scenario.; (8) An object that tracks the work required to complete a development task. An activity includes a text headline, which describes the task, and a change set, which identifies all versions that developers create or modify while working on the activity.; (9) A unit of work that an individual or group performs.; (10) An element of a process, such as a task, a subprocess, a loop, or a decision. Activities are represented as nodes in process diagrams.; (11) The largest unit into which a process is divided.; (12) An entity that consumes database resources during its lifetime, which can span one or more requests. A cursor and a procedure are examples of activities.
�activity based costing (ABC): A method to measure the cost and performance of activities, resources, and cost objects.
�activity based management (ABM): A method for managing activities to increase both their value to customers and company profit.
�activity completion event: An atomic event that fires when an activity completes.
�activity condition: In System Manager, the criteria that must be met before the activity can start running.
�Activity Decision Flow (ADF): The format in which models are exported from WebSphere Business Integration Workbench into WebSphere Business Modeler.
�activity diagram: (1) A graphical implementation of an activity, including actions, execution flow, and external calls. An activity diagram contains symbols that specify the steps, the order of the steps, and the logic that determines how they execute. See also activity.; (2) A diagram that represents the performance of a task or duty in a workflow, or the execution of a statement in a procedure.; (3) See activity graph.; (4) A UML behavioral diagram that models the dynamic parts of a system by showing the steps or tasks that constitute a process.
�activity graph: A state machine that models processes that involve one or more classifiers.
�activity identifier: A means of uniquely referring to an instance of a BTS activity. Activity identifiers are assigned by CICS.
�activity keypoint: A record of task and DCT entry status on the system log made on a periodic basis to facilitate the identification of transaction backout information during emergency restart. In the event of an uncontrolled shutdown and subsequent emergency restart, activity keypoints can shorten the process of backward scanning through the system log. Activity keypoints are written automatically by the system (system activity keypoints) or by the user (user activity keypoint). See also system activity keypoint, user activity keypoint.
�activity level: A characteristic of a subsystem that specifies the maximum number of jobs that can compete at the same time for the processing unit.
�activity log: An audit trail of every function that has altered the data in the active ledger.
�Activity Monitor: A DB2 administration tool that provides a set of predefined reports to assist a database administrator in monitoring application performance and concurrency, resource consumption, and SQL or XQuery statement usage of a database or database partition. The tool also provides recommendations to help a database administrator to diagnose the cause of database performance problems and to tune queries for optimal use of database resources.
�activity plan: A set of activities performed on a set of targets on a specified schedule.
�activity report: A report that shows details on software patch and software product deployment and installation activities performed on various data center systems.
�activity template: A structured collection of tasks that can be reused in specific process workflows. Activity templates can be edited, created, cloned, and removed. Users typically apply and modify activity templates when the create a process template.
�activity threshold: A threshold that applies to an individual activity. If an activity exceeds the upper boundary of the threshold tracking that activity, the corresponding action is executed and applied once to that activity. See also aggregate threshold.
�activity trail: A record of operations that is used to identify which activities were done, the order in which they were done, and who performed them.
�activity tree: A hierarchy of activities. An activity tree may be several levels deep.
�ACTLU: See activate logical unit.
�ACTNDEF: See action definition.
�actor: In UML, a person or device that interacts with a system.
�actor generalization: A generalization that indicates that the descendant inherits the role the ancestor can play in a use case.
�ACTPU: See activate physical unit.
�actual argument: In Fortran, the data passed to a called routine at the point of call. See also dummy argument.
�actual decimal point: In COBOL, the physical representation of the decimal point position in data using either of the decimal point characters (. or ,). The actual decimal point appears in printed reports and requires a position in storage. See also assumed decimal point.
�actual parameter
�actual UCB: The unit control block (UCB) used for all I/O operations as viewed with a virtual address that is the same in every address space. The actual UCB can reside in common storage either above or below 16 MB. See also captured UCB, unit control block.
�actuator: (1) The device within an auxiliary storage device that moves the read/write heads.; (2) A device that causes mechanical motion.
�ACU: (1) See automatic calling unit.; (2) See abstract code unit.
�adapter: (1) A mechanism for connecting two unlike parts or machines, or for electrically or physically connecting a device to a computer or to another device.; (2) A set of software modules that communicate with an integration broker and with applications or technologies to perform tasks such as executing application logic and exchanging data.; (3) A transparent, intermediary software component that allows two other software components to communicate with one another.
�adapter card: The electrical circuits on a logic card that connect one device to another or to a computer.
�adapter configuration profile (ACP): The profile that contains information for one or more event adapters.
�adapter control block (ACB): In NCP, a control block that contains line control information and the states of I/O operations for BSC lines, SS lines, or SDLC links.
�adapter handler: In System i Access, a program that controls the operation of a communications adapter. For example, the twinaxial adapter handler controls the operation of a twinaxial adapter that is used to connect a personal computer to a System i platform for System i Access functions.
�adapter load balancing: The ability of several adapters in a team to be active simultaneously, with the outbound-traffic load balanced across all the adapters in the team; spreading tasks among adapters improves performance by preventing uneven distribution of workload. If one adapter in the team fails, the outbound traffic is redistributed across the remaining active adapters in the team. See also teaming.
�adapter support software: The software used to operate adapters in a PC system and provide a common interface to application programs.
�adaptive code generation (ACG): A technology that enables a program that uses processor features of a given system model to continue to work correctly when the program is moved to another system model that does not have all the processor features of the original model.
�adaptive pacing: See adaptive session-level pacing.
�adaptive session-level pacing: A form of session-level pacing in which session components exchange pacing windows that may vary in size during the course of a session. This allows transmission within a network to adapt dynamically to variations in availability and demand of buffers on a session-by-session basis. Session-level pacing occurs within independent stages along the session path according to local congestion at the intermediate and endpoint nodes. See also fixed session-level pacing.
�adaptive session pacing: See adaptive session-level pacing.
�ADATA: See associated data.
�ADC: See automatic dictionary creation.
�adcon: See address constant.
�ad copy: The information, images and other media used to support a marketing activity. Also referred to as sales collateral.
�add authority: A data authority that allows the user to add entries to an object; for example, to add job entries to a job queue or to add records to a file. See also delete authority.
�add-in: A third-party application that adds new function to the System i Access for Windows licensed program.
�additional coding-related required information (ACRI): A specification that is required by an encoding scheme to complete its definition, which extends beyond the character set and code page elements.
�additional heap: A heap created and controlled by a call to call to the CEECRHP callable service.
�address: (1) A unique code or identifier for a register, device, workstation, system, or storage location.; (2) The second part of a two-part user identification used to send distributions.
�address book: A collection of shipping and billing addresses owned by a customer. These are useful for a customer who wants to purchase gifts and ship them to different addresses.
�address class: In Internet communications, the categorization by the part of an IP address that distinguishes the network address from the host address. Class A addresses allocate 7 bits to the network ID and 24 bits to the host ID. Class B addresses allocate 14 bits to the network ID and 16 bits to the host ID. Class C addresses allocate 21 bits to the network ID and 8 bits to the host ID. Class D addresses contain 1110 in the first 4 bits and identify the address as a multicast. The remaining 28 bits in the class D address specify a particular multicast group.
�address constant (adcon): A field containing an address, a length, or an offset.
�addressed direct access: In the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM), the retrieval or storage of a data record identified by its relative byte address.
�addressed sequential access: In the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM), the retrieval or storage of a data record in its entry sequence relative to the previously retrieved or stored record.
�address expansion: The process by which the full name of a financial institution is obtained using the SWIFT address, telex correspondent's address, or a nickname.
�address identifier: In fibre-channel technology, an address value used to identify the source (S_ID) or destination (D_ID) of a frame.
�addressing: (1) In data communications, the way that the sending or control station selects the station to which it is sending data.; (2) A method of identifying storage locations.; (3) The assignment of addresses to the instructions of a program.
�addressing mode (AMODE): The attribute of a program module that identifies the addressing range in which the program entry point can receive control.
�address mapping table (AMT): A table that provides a current mapping of node addresses to hardware addresses.
�address poisoning: A hacking technique that redirects data to a different system (for snooping packets) or to nonexistent addresses.
�address pool: In data communications, a collection of multipoint addresses. Each address can be associated with an individual communications session.
�address resolution: A method for mapping network-layer addresses to media-specific addresses.
�Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): A protocol that dynamically maps an IP address to a network adapter address in a local area network.
�address space: (1) The range of addresses available to a computer program or process. Address space can refer to physical storage, virtual storage, or both. See also allied address space, buffer pool, virtual address space.; (2) A range of up to two gigabytes of contiguous virtual storage addresses that the system creates for the user. See also data space.
�address space connection: A connection that is a result of an allied address space connecting to DB2. See also task control block.
�address space control mode: The mode, determined by the program status word, that indicates where to find referenced data. Three types of address space control modes are primary, secondary, and access register. VTAM macroinstructions must be invoked in primary address space control mode. See also access register mode.
�address space identifier (ASID): A unique, system-assigned identifier for an address space.
�address switch: A switch on a device that the user sets to represent the address of that device.
�address type: In data communications, a value used to define the format and contents of an address field. Address types are associated with the originator address, the recipient address, and the reply-to address information. The address types supported by a system are defined when the mail server framework is configured. The value associated with an address type must be unique.
�ADF: See Activity Decision Flow.
�ad hoc inventory receipt: A record of physical inventory that arrived at a specific fulfillment center at a specific time, and was not expected inventory. See also inventory receipt.
�ADI: See alternate delay interval.
�adjacent CMAS: A CICSPlex SM address space (CMAS) that is connected to local CMAS via a direct CMAS-to-CMAS link.
�adjacent control point: A control point (CP) that is directly connected to an APPN, LEN, or composite node by a link.
�adjacent destination node: In OSI, a destination node that is also an adjacent node--that is, attached to the same subnetwork as the local node. See also intermediate system, nonadjacent destination node.
�adjacent link station (ALS): In SNA, a link station directly connected to a given node by a link connection over which network traffic can be carried. Several secondary link stations that share a link connection do not exchange data with each other and therefore are not adjacent to each other.
�adjacent node: In OSI, a node that is attached to the same subnetwork as the local node. An adjacent node can be either a destination node or a relay node.
�adjacent nodes: Two nodes connected by at least one path that connects no other nodes.
�adjacent SSCP table: A table that contains lists of the system services control points (SSCPs) that VTAM can be in session with or can use to reach destination SSCPs in the same network or in other networks. The table is filed in the VTAM definition library.
�adjudication: The process of deciding to exclude a violation from, or reinstate a violation to, the service level objective for an associated service level agreement (SLA).
�adjust: To move text so that it fits between the defined left and right margins or between the first and last typing lines.
�ADL: See Advanced Distributed Learning.
�ADMD: See administration management domain.
�admin: See administrator.
�admin domain: See administrative domain.
�administration bag: In the WebSphere MQ Administration Interface (MQAI), a type of data bag that is created for administering WebSphere MQ by implying that it can change the order of data items, create lists, and check selectors within a message.
�administration domain: In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a domain defined by the boundaries of a cell.
�administration management domain (ADMD): In OSI X.400, a public organization that handles a management domain.
�administration notification log: A list of messages that helps an administrator to resolve minor issues. See also contact.
�administration notification message: An alarm, error message, warning, attention message, or informational message that is written by the database manager, replication programs, user applications, or the health monitor to a notification file or event log. See also contact.
�administration process: A Domino server task (Adminp) that automates many administrative tasks. An administrator initiates the tasks, and the administration process completes them. Some of the tasks that the administration process can automate are: recertifying Notes IDs, renaming and deleting references to Notes users and groups, creating replicas of databases, and moving databases.
�administration queue: In Q replication and event publishing, a WebSphere MQ queue that is used by the Q Apply program and user applications to communicate with the Q Capture program. The administration queue for each Q Capture program must be a local, persistent queue.
�administration server: The Domino server assigned to apply Administration Process updates to a primary replica.
�administrative agent: A program that provides administrative support without requiring a direct connection to a database.
�administrative CLI (ACLI): See administrative command-line interface.
�administrative command-line interface (ACLI, administrative CLI): A command-line interface used to administer all aspects of the SAN File System. The ACLI runs on all engines that host metadata servers and the administrative server.
�administrative domain (admin domain): (1) A collection of hosts and routers, and the interconnecting networks, that are managed by a single administrative authority.; (2) A logical collection of resources that is used to separate responsibilities and manage permissions.
�Administrative Facility: In OSI, an interactive, menu-driven utility provided by OSI Communications Subsystem with which users define and maintain their network layout, installed protocols, available application entities, and other information used by OSI Communications Subsystem.
�administrative log: A log that maintains a history of routine activities and error conditions that are generated by the administrative servers.
�administrative repository: A database that contains configuration, problem, change, and inventory information needed to administer the information system. The repository can be used to perform the functions of configuration management, problem management, and change management.
�administrative right: A level of authority possessed by a process.
�administrative role: A classification of a user that prescribes access to a user.
�administrative server: A set of servlets running within a customized instance of WebSphere Application Server that handles all administrative requests from the SAN File System console or from the administrative command line interface (ACLI). The administrative server also enforces administrative permissions, which restrict the use of tasks that are permitted for a specified administrator. See also SAN File System console.
�administrative VOB: A versioned object base (VOB) that contains global type objects. Local copies of global type objects can be created in any VOB that has an AdminVOB hyperlink to the administrative VOB that defines the global type object.
�administrator (admin): A person responsible for administrative tasks such as access authorization and content management. Administrators can also grant levels of authority to users.
�administrator collection: In a Tivoli environment, a resource that contains all Administrator objects. The Administrator icon on the Tivoli desktop represents an administrator collection.
�administrator command: A command used to manage WebSphere MQ objects, such as queues, processes, and namelists.
�administrator profile: Data that describes a DirectTalk user. Information in an administrator profile includes ID, password, language preference, and access privileges.
�admin role: See authorization role.
�admission control: (1) A policy decision that is applied initially to QoS reservation requests for controlling the admission of network traffic into the network. Admission control is the process of ensuring that the load on the network links is manageable.; (2) The process used by the server to ensure that its bandwidth needs are not compromised by new asset requests.
�adopted authority: Authority given to the user by the object while the object is running. The object must be created with owner authority. These object types can have adopted authority: program, service program, and SQL package.
�ADS: (1) See area data set.; (2) See architecture description specification.
�ADSI: See Analog Display Services Interface.
�ADSI telephone: A 'smart' telephone capable of interpreting and returning ADSI data.
�ADSL: See Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line.
�ADSP: See automatic data set protection.
�ADS view: A projection into models and specifications that are architecturally significant.
�ADS viewpoint: In the Reusable Asset Specification (RAS), a collection of views with strong affinity for representing architecturally significant artifacts.
�ADT: See application deployment template.
�advanced assistance level: The type of displays that provide the same functions as the intermediate assistance level. However, the displays contain as much information as possible by not displaying the allowed function keys and options.
�advanced attribute: The combination of a capability and capability value.
�Advanced Business Application Programming/4 (ABAP/4): A fourth-generation programming language in which SAP R/3 application software is written.
�Advanced Communications Function (ACF): A group of IBM licensed programs that use the concepts of Systems Network Architecture (SNA), including distribution of function and resource sharing.
�Advanced Communications Function for Telecommunications Access Method (ACF/TCAM): See Telecommunications Access Method.
�Advanced Communications Function for Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (ACF/VTAM): An IBM licensed program that controls communication and the flow of data in an SNA network. It provides single-domain, multiple-domain, and interconnected network capability.
�Advanced DBCS Printer Support: The IBM licensed program that provides support for printers capable of printing double-byte character sets (DBCS).
�Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL): A set of standards designed to facilitate the sharing of learning objects across different learning management systems.
�Advanced Encryption Standard (AES): A data encryption technique that improved upon and officially replaced the Data Encryption Standard (DES). AES is sometimes referred to as Rijndael, which is the algorithm on which the standard is based.
�advanced function common control unit (AFCCU, afccunit): A controller that converts Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS) into a presentation format that is usable by the COM and that transfers the setup data, document pages, and text-related information to COM.
�Advanced Function Presentation (AFP): A set of licensed programs, together with user applications, that use the all-points-addressable concept to print data on a wide variety of printers or to display data on a variety of display devices. AFP includes creating, formatting, archiving, retrieving, viewing, distributing, and printing information.
�Advanced Function Presentation data stream (AFPDS): A presentation data stream that is processed in AFP environments. MO:DCA-P is the AFP interchange data stream. IPDS is the AFP printer data stream.
�advanced intelligent network (AIN): A telephone network that expands the idea of the intelligent network to provide special services more efficiently: for example, by giving users the ability to program many of the services themselves.
�Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS): The original analog cellular network and currently the world's largest cellular standard.
�Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN): An extension to SNA that features distributed network control, dynamic definition of network resources, automated resource registration, and automated directory lookup. This network architecture supports the routing of data in a network between two or more Advanced Peer-to-Peer Communication (APPC) systems that do not need to be directly connected. See also network node.
�advanced printer function (APF): A function of the Application Development ToolSet feature that allows a user to design symbols, logos, special characters, large characters, and forms tailored to a business or data processing application.
�Advanced Program-to-Program Communication (APPC): An implementation of the SNA LU 6.2 protocol that allows interconnected systems to communicate and share the processing of programs. See also APPC/MVS.
�Advanced Program-to-Program Communication/IMS (APPC/IMS): A part of IMS TM that uses the common programming interface, which allows IMS application programs to communicate with other programs by using LU 6.2.
�Advanced Radio Data Information Service (ARDIS): A packet-switched network that provides a data rate of 19.2 Kbps and is known for its deep penetration into buildings. ARDIS is primarily used for field service and transportation applications.
�Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA): See Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
�Advanced System Management interconnect (ASM interconnect): A feature of IBM service processors that enables users to connect up to 24 servers to one service processor, thus eliminating the need for multiple modems, telephones, and LAN ports. It provides such out-of-band management functions as system power control, service-processor event-log management, firmware updates, alert notification, and user profile configuration.
�Advanced System Management interconnect network (ASM interconnect network): A network of IBM servers created by using the ASM interconnect feature. The servers are connected through RS-485 ports. When servers containing integrated system management processors (ISMPs) and ASM processors are connected to an ASM interconnect network, IBM Director can manage them out-of-band.
�Advanced System Management PCI adapter (ASM PCI adapter): An IBM service processor that is built into the Netfinity 7000 M10 and 8500R servers. It also was available as an option that could be installed in a server that contained an ASM processor. When an ASM PCI adapter is used with an ASM processor, the ASM PCI adapter acts as an Ethernet gateway, while the ASM processor retains control of the server. When used as a gateway service processor, the ASM PCI adapter can communicate with other ASM PCI adapters and ASM processors only.
�Advanced System Management processor (ASM processor): A service processor built into the mid-range Netfinity and early xSeries servers. IBM Director can connect out-of-band to an ASM processor located on an ASM interconnect; an ASM PCI adapter, a Remote Supervisor Adapter, or a Remote Supervisor II must serve as the gateway service processor.
�advice: An incoming message that advises of a payment to come. For credits, this is also called a notice to receive.
�advisor: (1) An application that provides a recommendation or suggestion that is based on input from the user. Advisors do not perform functions or change system values.; (2) In Performance Tools, a tool used to analyze data collected by the performance monitor function of the operating system. The advisor analyzes a collection of performance data and produces a list of conclusions and recommendations to improve system performance.
�advisory lock: A type of lock that a process holds on a region of a file preventing any other process from locking the region or an overlapping region. See also enforced lock.
�AE: See application entity.
�AES: See Advanced Encryption Standard.
�AE title: See application entity title.
�AFCB: See authorized function control block.
�AFCCU (afccunit): See advanced function common control unit.
�afccunit (AFCCU): See advanced function common control unit.
�affinity: An association between objects that have some relationship or dependency upon each other.
�affix: A morpheme that cannot occur by itself and that is joined before, after, or within a root or stem. For example, the prefix 're-' in reengineering, and 'opto-' in optoelectronics.
�AFP: See Advanced Function Presentation.
�AFP Conversion and Indexing Facility (ACIF): An Advanced Function Presentation (AFP) program that converts a print file into a Mixed Object Document Content Architecture-Presentation (MO:DCA-P) document, creates an index file for later retrieval and viewing, and retrieves resources used by an AFP document into a separate file.
�AFPDS: See Advanced Function Presentation data stream.
�AFP printer driver: A printer driver that runs on a Windows workstation and creates output in Advanced Function Presentation (AFP) format for printing on AFP printers.
�AFP resource: One of the resources that are used to produce printed output, including form definitions, page definitions, fonts, overlays (electronic forms), and page segments (graphic images).
�AFP statistics report (AFPSTATS): A report that contains summary data about the resources used to print a document. The AFPSTATS report is used to indicate in which libraries PSF found a resource, diagnose some resource selection problems, obtain statistical data about how a print file is printed, and diagnose some print file printing performance problems.
�AFPSTATS: See AFP statistics report.
�AFP Toolbox: An IBM product that assists application programmers in formatting printed output. Without requiring knowledge of the AFP data stream, AFP Toolbox provides access to sophisticated AFP functions through a callable C, C++, or COBOL interface. AFP Toolbox is available on OS/390, z/OS, AIX, and OS/400 platforms.
�AFP Upload: An optional feature of PSF for z/OS that lets you submit a job to Infoprint for AIX for printing on any printer supported by PSF for z/OS .
�AFP Viewer plug-in: A program that runs on a Windows workstation and is used for viewing files in Advanced Function Presentation (AFP) format from a Web browser.
�AFP Workbench Viewer: An IBM-licensed product that lets you display AFP and ASCII files at your Windows workstation in the same format they are printed.
�AFS: A distributed file system for large networks that is known for its ease of administration and expandability.
�after-image: (1) In SQL replication, the updated content of a source-table column that is recorded in a change data (CD) table or in a database log or journal. See also before-image.; (2) The contents of a record in a physical file after the data is changed by a write or an update operation.; (3) A record of the contents of a data element after it has been changed. After-images are used for forward recovery.; (4) A business object that contains all of an entity's data after changes have been made to it during an update operation. An after-image contains the complete business object rather than only the primary key and those elements that were changed. See also delta business object.
�after-job subroutine: A routine that runs after a job completes.
�after-stage subroutine: A routine that runs after a stage processes data.
�after trigger: A trigger that is specified to be activated after a defined trigger event (an insert, an update, or a delete operation on the table that is specified in a trigger definition). See also before trigger, trigger, trigger activation, trigger activation time.
�after value: In Q replication, the updated content of a source-table column.
�agent: (1) In a z/OS environment, the structure that associates all processes that are involved in a unit of work.; (2) In telephony, a customer service person whose job is to handle incoming or outgoing telephone calls.; (3) A function that represents a requester to a server.; (4) In the two-phase commit protocol, a node at the bottom of the transaction program network hierarchy.; (5) An entity that represents one or more objects by (a) sending notifications regarding events and (b) handling requests from managers to modify or query the objects.; (6) A program that performs a specific service, such as data collection, without user intervention or on a regular schedule. See also common agent, subagent.; (7) A separate process or thread that carries out all DB2 requests that are made by a particular client application. See also engine dispatchable unit.; (8) In a two-phase commit syncpointing sequence (LU6.2 or multiregion operation (MRO)), a task that receives syncpoint requests from an initiator.; (9) A program that performs a series of automated tasks according to a set schedule or at the request of a user. An agent consists of three components: the trigger (when it acts), the search (what documents it acts on), and the action (what it does).; (10) A server program that receives virtual connections from the network manager (the client program) in an SNMP-TCP/IP network-managing environment. An agent is the interface to a managed device.; (11) The function that manages the parsing and routing of distributed data management (DDM) commands and replies.; (12) In Q replication, one of the threads of the Q Apply program that is started by a browser. It receives transactions from the browser and applies this data to target tables. One or more agents can exist for each browser.
�Agent Building and Learning Environment (ABLE): A Java framework and toolkit for constructing and deploying intelligent agents.
�agent code: An open-systems standard that interprets Common Information Model (CIM) requests and responses as they are transferred between the client application and the device.
�Agent Controller: A daemon process that resides on each deployment host and provides the mechanism by which client applications either launch new host processes or attach to agents that coexist within existing processes on the host.
�agent group: A group of management agents that run the same policy or policies. Each management agent is associated with one or more listening and playback components.
�agent ID: A ID that identifies a specific instance of the common agent software that is installed on a managed system. The ID is the directory in which the common agent software is installed. A managed system, which is identified by a Tivoli GUID, can have multiple common agents installed on it.
�agent manager: (1) The background server program that manages and runs agents on a server.; (2) A network service that provides authentication and authorization and that maintains a registry of configuration information about the common agents and resource managers in a user's environment.
�agent private memory: Memory that is allocated for a database agent when the agent is assigned as the result of a connect request or a new SQL request in a parallel environment. The memory is used only by the specific agent. See also private sort.
�agent recovery service: A service of the agent manager that provides error logging for agents that are unable to communicate with other agent manager services.
�agent site: In the Data Warehouse Center, the location, defined by a single network host name, where a warehouse agent application is installed. See also remote agent site, default agent site.
�aggregate: (1) A structured collection of data objects that form a data type.; (2) An array, structure, or union.; (3) In C++, an array or a class with no user-declared constructors, no private or protected non-static data members, no base classes, and no virtual functions.

�aggregate backup: The process of copying an aggregate group and recovery instructions so that a collection of data sets can be recovered later as a group.
�aggregate backup and recovery support (ABARS): A function that backs up a user-defined related group of data sets, called an aggregate, and recovers those data sets on the same system or on a recovery system.
�aggregate bandwidth: Total throughput, in megabits per second, that moves through a server or server subsystem. See also throughput.
�aggregate class: A class that represents the whole in an aggregation (whole-part) relationship.
�aggregate data sets: In aggregate backup and recovery support (ABARS) processing, data sets that have been defined in an aggregate group as being related.
�aggregated installable unit (aggregated IU): An installable unit (IU) that comprises other installable units. See also change manager, installable unit.
�aggregated IU: See aggregated installable unit.
�aggregate function: A function that optionally accepts arguments and returns a single scalar value that is the result of an evaluation of a set of like values, such as those in a column within a set of one or more rows. See also function, routine.
�aggregate group: (1) In DFSMShsm, a collection of related data sets and control information that has been pooled to meet a defined backup or recovery strategy.; (2) A collection of data objects that form a data type, so that the data can be referred to collectively or individually. Aggregate group is used in conjunction with the storage of direct access storage device (DASD) data, not within an object access method (OAM) environment.
�aggregate line speed: The maximum possible speed that data can be transmitted using a communications controller. The speed is determined using the sum of the speeds of the communications lines attached to the communications controller.
�aggregate metric: A metric that is calculated by finding the average, maximum, minimum, sum, or number of occurrences of an instance metric across multiple runs of a process. Examples of aggregate metrics are an average order amount, a maximum order amount, a minimum order amount, the total order amount, or the number of occurrences of $500 for an order amount.
�aggregate object: Any object that contains other objects (known as child objects or children). Because an aggregate object is not monitored directly, it does not receive events directly. Rather, it receives only the events that are propagated by its children.
�aggregate recovery: The process of recovering a user-defined group of data sets that were backed up using aggregate backup.
�aggregate table: In SQL replication, a read-only replication target table that contains aggregations of data from the source table. This data is based on SQL column functions such as MIN, MAX, SUM, and AVG.
�aggregate threshold: A threshold that applies to a group of activities. If an activity in that group exceeds the boundary set by the threshold, the corresponding action is applied to that activity. See also activity threshold.
�aggregate type: A user-defined data type that combines basic types, such as char, short, and float, into a more complex type, such as structs, arrays, strings, or sequences.
�aggregation: (1) The process of collecting, interpreting, and sorting data from various locations into a single file.; (2) The structured collection of data objects for subsequent presentation within a portal.; (3) An association that models a whole-part relationship between an aggregate (the whole) and its parts.
�aggregation relationship: In UML modeling, a relationship that depicts a classifier as part of, or as subordinate to, another classifier. See also composite aggregation.
�aggregator stage: A type of stage that computes total or other functions of sets of data.
�agile software development: A software design philosophy that promotes teamwork, customer involvement, user centered design and the separation of larger projects into many smaller projects. This approach is much more flexible than traditional models of software design because of the ability to reform design following early user feedback.
�aging: The process of increasing a job's priority.
�AGM security: See application group name security.
�AGN: See application group name.
�AH: See Authentication Header.
�AIB mask: A mapping that an application program uses to interpret the application interface block (AIB).
�AICC: See Aircraft Industry Computer-Based Instruction Consortium.
�AID: (1) See attention identifier.; (2) See automatic initiation descriptor.; (3) See automatic initiate descriptor.
�AID key: See attention identifier key.
�AIN: See advanced intelligent network.
�Aircraft Industry Computer-Based Instruction Consortium (AICC): A body responsible for maintaining standards for computer-managed instruction. AICC also refers to the format meeting these standards that is often used in online courses and is supported by many e-learning products.
�AITM: See autoinstall terminal model.
�AIX: A UNIX operating system developed by IBM that is designed and optimized to run on POWER microprocessor-based hardware such as servers, workstations, and blades.
�AIX 5L operating system: IBM's implementation of the UNIX operating system. AIX 5L is particularly suited to support technical computing applications, including high function graphics and floating point computations.
�AIXwindows Toolkit: An object-oriented collection of C language data structures and subroutines that supplement the Enhanced X-Windows Toolkit and simplify the creation of interactive client application interfaces.
�AJAX: See Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
�alarm: (1) An audible or visual signal at a device, such as a display station or printer, that is used to notify the user that a predefined condition exists.; (2) Any condition that DirectTalk considers worthy of documenting with an error message. Strictly speaking, the term alarm should include only red (immediate attention) and yellow (problem situation) conditions, but it is also used to refer to green (a red or yellow message has been cleared) and white (information) conditions.; (3) For Domino administrators, a document generated in the Statistics database indicating that a server statistic has exceeded a specified threshold. For example, an alarm can notify an administrator if disk space on server drive C drops below 10 percent.
�alarm level: See response level.
�alarm listener: A type of asynchronous bean that is called when a high-speed transient alarm expires.
�A-law: The compressing and expanding algorithm used in Europe, Latin America, and other countries when converting from analog to digital speech data. See also mu-law.
�alert: (1) A message or other indication that signals an event or an impending event.; (2) A notice that describes replication events and conditions. The Replication Alert Monitor sends alerts to an e-mail address or to a pager.; (3) To cause the user's terminal to give some audible or visual indication that an error or some other event has occurred.
�alert character: A character that in the output stream causes a terminal to alert its user by way of a visual or audible notification. The alert character is the character designated by a '\a' in the C and C++ languages. It is unspecified whether this character is the exact sequence transmitted to an output device by the system to accomplish the alert function.
�alert condition: A problem or impending problem for which information is collected and possibly forwarded for problem determination, diagnosis, or resolution.
�alert controller description: A controller description that defines the system to which alerts will be sent on an alert controller session.
�alert controller session: A type of SSCP-PU session on which alerts can be sent to a system that is designated as an alert focal point.
�alert description: Information in an alert table that defines the contents of a Systems Network Architecture (SNA) alert for a particular message ID.
�alert filter: A filter that is used to route and process Systems Network Architecture (SNA) alerts in a network and automates operations for local alerts or received alerts within a network.
�alert focal point: The system in a network that receives and processes (logs, displays, and optionally forwards) alerts. An alert focal point is a subset of a problem management focal point.
�alert forwarding: A function that ensures that alerts are sent, even if a managed system experiences a catastrophic failure, such as an operating-system failure.
�alert-forwarding profile: A profile that specifies where remote alerts for the service processor should be sent.
�alert ID number: A value created from specific fields in the alert using a cyclic redundancy check. A focal point uses this value to refer to a particular alert, for example, to filter out duplicate alerts.
�alert monitor: In WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a component of the CICS adapter that handles unscheduled events occurring as a result of connection requests to WebSphere MQ for z/OS.
�alert standard format: A specification created by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) that defines remote-control and alerting interfaces that can best serve a client system in an environment that does not have an operating system.
�alert table: An object consisting of alert descriptions that define the contents of a Systems Network Architecture (SNA) alert for particular error conditions. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *ALRTBL.
�ALET: See access list entry token.
�algorithm: A set of well-defined rules for the solution of a problem in a finite number of steps.
�algorithm mapping: A process by which service providers can define the mapping of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) algorithms to cryptographic algorithms that are used for XML digital signature and XML encryption.
�alias: (1) An alternative name used instead of a primary name.; (2) The user name for a server in an implementation repository.; (3) In an internet, a name assigned to a server that makes the server independent of the name of its host system. The alias must be defined in the domain name server.; (4) An assumed or actual association between two data entities, or between a data entity and a pointer.; (5) An alternative name used to identify a table, view, database, or nickname. An alias can be used in SQL statements to refer to a table, view, or database in the same DB2 system or subsystem or in a remote DB2 system or subsystem. See also server name, synonym.; (6) A pointer to another directory object. Aliases can be used within LDAP to reference entries anywhere within the directory tree.; (7) In Notes, a shortened form of a user name that can be used in any Notes application where directory lookup and type-ahead are supported, such as mail. Unlike the Notes user name and alternate name, aliases cannot appear in access control lists and execution control lists.; (8) In EGL generation, a name that is placed in the output source file in place of the name that was in the EGL source code. In most cases, the original name is aliased because it was not valid in the target generation language.; (9) An alternative name for an integrated catalog facility (ICF) user catalog, a file that is not a Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) file, or a member of a partitioned data set (PDS) or a partitioned data set extended (PDSE).
�alias address: An alternative address for a network interface that can be used in place of the real address.
�alias address identifier: (1) One or more address identifiers that can be recognized by a node port (N_port) in addition to its N_port identifier. Alias address identifiers are used to form groups of N_ports so that frames can be addressed to a group rather than to individual N_ports.; (2) A set of alternative volume addresses for a single volume that are used in the parallel access volume (PAV) function.
�alias AL_PA: An arbitrated loop physical address (AL_PA) value recognized by a loop port (L_port) in addition to the AL_PA assigned to the port. See also arbitrated loop physical address.
�alias chain: A series of table aliases that refer to one another in a sequential, non-repeating fashion.
�alias entry: The correlation of an alias with the physical entry name of a user catalog or a data set that is not a Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) data set.
�aliasing: (1) In a TCP/IP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) application, a process used to convert SNA distribution services (SNADS) names in the origin and destination fields of a distribution to SMTP names. System and personal are the two types of aliasing on the System i platform.; (2) In TCP/IP host table processing, a process used to convert internet addresses to host names or host names to internet addresses.; (3) A compilation process that attempts to determine what aliases exist, so that optimization does not result in incorrect program results.
�alias name: A name that is used to represent all or part of a command.
�alias name translation facility: A function for converting logical unit names, logon mode table names, and class-of-service names used in one network into equivalent names used in another network.
�alias queue object: A WebSphere MQ object, the name of which is an alias for a base queue defined to the local queue manager. When an application or a queue manager uses an alias queue, the alias name is resolved and the requested operation is performed on the associated base queue.
�alias server: A fabric software facility that supports multicast group management.
�alignment: The storing of data in relation to certain machine-dependent boundaries.
�all authority: An object authority that allows the user to perform all operations on the object except those limited to the owner or controlled by authorization list management authority. The user can control the object's existence, specify the security for the object, and change the object. See also exclude authority.
�allegiance: In mainframe computing, a relationship that is created between a device and one or more channel paths during the processing of certain conditions.
�alliance: A long-term partnership formed between IBM and one or more other companies to develop and deliver a technology, product, or service. The participants in an alliance share the risks, the benefits, the revenue, and the expenses.
�allied address space: (1) An area of storage that is external to DB2 and that is connected to DB2. An allied address space can request DB2 services. See also address space.; (2) A z/OS address space that is connected to WebSphere MQ for z/OS.
�allied agent: An agent that represents work requests that originate in allied address spaces. See also system agent.
�allied thread: A thread that originates at the local DB2 for z/OS subsystem and that can access data at a remote DB2 for z/OS subsystem.
�all-member warm start: A warm start that is specified by the operator that occurs when no other no other members of the configuration are active or there is only one member in the configuration.
�all object authority: A special authority that allows users to use all system resources without having specific authority to the resources.
�allocate: To assign a resource to a specific task.
�allocate data set: In aggregate backup and recovery processing, a data set name that is listed in the selection data set. The space for this data set is allocated and the data set is cataloged at the recovery location, but the actual data is not restored.
�allocated cursor: A cursor that is defined for procedure result sets by using the SQL statement ALLOCATE CURSOR.
�allocated length: For variable-length character fields or variable-length graphic fields, the length that indicates the portion of the variable-length field that should be reserved in the fixed portion of the physical file member.
�allocated storage: The space that is allocated to volumes but is not yet assigned. See also assigned storage.
�allocate list: An optional list in the selection data set that identifies the allocate data sets.
�allocation: (1) The assigning of various types of programs and record categories to system storage locations, such as main storage or disk storage.; (2) The process of temporarily connecting a program to a data set, file, or device.
�allocation tree: A data structure that represents a hierarchical relationship among transaction programs and other resource managers in a two-phase commit operation. The root node of the tree is the application that starts the transaction, which may not be the initiator of the commit request in a peer-to-peer communication protocol like LU 6.2.
�allomorphism: The ability of an instance of a class to be managed as an instance of one or more different but compatible managed object classes.
�all-points addressability: The capability to address, reference, and position text, overlays, and images at any defined position or picture element (pel) on the printable area of a page. This capability depends on the ability of the hardware to address and to display each picture element.
�all-points addressable (APA): Able to address, reference, and position text, overlays, and images at any defined position or picture element (pel) on the printable area of the paper. This capability depends on the ability of the hardware to address and to display each picture element.
�all-stations address: See broadcast address.
�AL_PA: See arbitrated loop physical address.
�alphabetic: Pertaining to the set of letters and symbols, excluding digits, used in a language. This set usually consists of the uppercase and lowercase letters plus special symbols (such as $ and _) allowed by a particular language.
�alphabetic character: A letter or other symbol, excluding digits, used in a language. Usually the uppercase and lowercase letters A through Z plus other special symbols (such as $ and _) allowed by a particular language.
�alphabet-name: In COBOL, a user-defined word, in the SPECIAL-NAMES paragraph of the Environment Division, that names a character set or collating sequence.
�alphanumeric: Pertaining to a character set that contains letters, digits, and usually other characters, such as punctuation marks.
�alphanumeric character: A lowercase or uppercase letter, number, or special symbol.
�alphanumeric cursor: In the GDDM function, a physical indicator on a display. The alphanumeric cursor may be moved from one hardware cell to another.
�alphanumeric edited item: In COBOL, an alphanumeric data item with a PICTURE character string that contains at least one B, 0, or /.
�already verified: An SNA LU 6.2 security option that allows DB2 for z/OS to provide the user's verified authorization identifier when allocating a conversation. The user is not validated by the partner subsystem.
�ALS: See adjacent link station.
�alternate code point: A syntactic code point that permits a substitute code point to be used. For example, the left brace ({) can be represented by X'B0' and also by X'C0'.
�alternate console: A twinaxial console that acts as a backup console and is used only to determine why the system console failed. An alternate console cannot be used to install the system. The alternate console can manage the system only when the system console is defined as the twinaxial console during a manual IPL. See also twinaxial console, backup console.
�alternate delay interval (ADI): In XRF, the interval that must elapse between the (apparent) loss of surveillance signal from the active system and any reaction from the alternate system. The ADI system initialization parameter specifies the alternate delay interval for use with XRF. The corresponding parameter for the active system is PDI.
�alternate entry point: A load module or program object alias for which the entry point is not the primary entry point. Other program attributes can differ within a defined alias from those of the primary entry point. See also primary entry point.
�alternate facility: In distributed transaction programming, an IRC or SNA session that is obtained by a transaction by means of an ALLOCATE command. See also principal facility.
�alternate IMS: In an Extended Recovery Facility (XRF) environment, the IMS that monitors the active IMS and takes over production work when the active IMS fails. See also active IMS.
�alternate index: (1) In CICS, an index based on an alternate key. It allows the file to be processed in a secondary key order.; (2) For VSAM key-sequenced data sets and entry-sequenced data sets, an index of alternate keys that provides a path for secondary access to the data set. If the records have alternate keys, the alternate index is built when the data set is created. See also secondary index.; (3) A subordinate index in a hierarchy of indexes.; (4) In z/OS Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM), a collection of index entries related to a given base cluster and organized by a key other than the prime key of the associated, base-cluster, data records. An alternate index provides an alternate directory for locating records in the data component of a base cluster.
�alternate index base data set: The VSAM data set that is the base or normal route of file access in a VSAM alternate index arrangement.
�alternate-index cluster: In the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM), the data and index components of an alternate index.
�alternate-index entry: In the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM), a catalog entry that contains information about an alternate index. An alternate-index entry points to a data entry and an index entry to describe the alternate index's components, and to a cluster entry to identify the alternate index's base cluster. See also base cluster, alternate-index record, cluster entry.
�alternate-index file: A file that supports keyed forms of access to the records of a base file.
�alternate-index record: In the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM), a collection of alternate-index entries used to sequence and locate one or more data records in a base cluster. Each alternate-index record contains an alternate-key value and one or more pointers. When the alternate index supports a key-sequenced data set (KSDS), the pointer is the prime key value of each data record. When the alternate index supports an entry-sequenced data set (ESDS), the pointer is the relative byte address (RBA) value of the data records. See also key, alternate-index entry, alternate key.
�alternate installation device: A tape device that is used to load Licensed Internal Code from the tape device to the load-source disk unit during a restore or installation operation. The alternate installation device can be on a different bus unit or on a different input/output processor (IOP) than the load-source disk unit.
�alternate installation IPL: A special type of installation IPL (a D-mode IPL) in which the system uses the installation device to IPL itself. The system then copies the Licensed Internal Code from the alternate installation device to the load-source disk unit.
�alternate IPL: The process of loading code into main storage from a designated input/output device instead of from the load-source unit for the system, and of preparing for system operations. An alternate IPL is a Type D IPL.
�alternate IRLM: The internal resource lock manager (IRLM) supporting the alternate IMS subsystem in an Extended Recovery Facility (XRF) complex. See also active IRLM.
�alternate key: (1) In VSAM, a field, other than the primary key, of fixed length and position in a record. A set of alternate keys is used to build an alternate index that provides an alternative or secondary path for access to the data set. There can be any number of alternate keys in a record and they need not be unique.; (2) In z/OS Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM), one or more bytes within a data record used to identify the data record or control its use. Unlike the prime key, the alternate key can identify more than one data record. It is used to build an alternate index or to locate one or more base data records using an alternate index. See also key field, alternate-index record.
�alternate mail: A mail system other than Notes mail.
�alternate mark inversion (AMI): A T1 line coding scheme in which binary 1 bits are represented by alternate positive and negative pulses and binary 0 bits by spaces (no pulse). The purpose is to make the average dc level on the line equal to zero.
�alternate PCB: See alternate program communication block.
�alternate program communication block (alternate PCB): A user-defined telecommunication-program program communication block (TP PCB), defined by the user, that can be used to describe output message destinations other than the terminal that originated the input message. Where the keyword SAMETRM=YES is not implicitly or explicitly specified in a PSB, the destination of an alternate PCB can be either a logical terminal or an input transaction queue. See also alternate response PCB, express alternate PCB, input/output program communication block, modifiable alternate PCB.
�alternate record key: In COBOL, a key, other than the prime record key, whose contents identify a record within an indexed file.
�alternate response PCB: A program communication block (PCB) that defines a logical terminal and can be used instead of the I/O PCB when required to direct a response to a terminal in response mode, conversational mode, or exclusive mode. See also alternate program communication block.
�alternate routing: A function provided by the VTAM class of service (COS) facility in which virtual routes for a given class of service can be assigned to different physical paths (explicit routes).
�alternate screen size: An option that permits the size of a display screen to be defined differently from the standard size.
�alternate system: In an XRF environment, a CICS system that stands by to take over the user workload when the active CICS system fails or a takeover is initiated.
�alternate tape volume: In DFSMShsm, copies of original tape volumes created during tape copy processing. The volumes can be stored either on-site or off-site for use later in the event of a disaster. During the tape-replacement processing, these volumes can replace the original volumes that might be lost.
�alternate tape volume reference: In DFSMShsm, additional fields in the tape table of contents (TTOC) record that contain information about the alternate tape volume. These fields provide the information necessary to refer to the alternate tape volume.
�alternate TP PCB: In IMS, a PCB that defines an alternate destination (a logical terminal or a message program) and that can be used instead of the I/O PCB when it is necessary to direct a response to a terminal. The existence of alternate PCBs in the PSB affects the PCB number used in the PCB keyword in an EXEC DLI application program.
�alternate user authority: The ability of a user ID to supply a different user ID for security checks. When an application opens a WebSphere MQ object, it can supply a user ID on the MQOPEN or MQPUT1 call that the queue manager uses for authority checks instead of the one associated with the application.
�alternate user security: On z/OS, the authority checks that are performed when an application requests alternate user authority when opening a WebSphere MQ object.
�alternating array: In RPG, two arrays that are loaded together.
�alternating current (ac): An electric current that reverses its direction at regularly recurring intervals.
�alternating table: In RPG, two tables that are loaded together.
�alternative collating sequence: A user-defined collating sequence that replaces the standard EBCDIC collating sequence.
�alternative console: A display device assigned by the operating system to function as the console if the console is not working. The system searches for an alternative console when contact with the system console fails.
�alternative cylinder: A cylinder on the disk that is reserved by the system then made available in place of a cylinder that is damaged or defective.
�alternative line: A second switched line to which a remote controller can be attached if the first communications line is not available.
�alternative offset stacker (AOS)
�alternative sector: A sector on the disk that is reserved by the system then made available when a sector is damaged or defective.
�alternative shift: In System i Access, an operation that defines a different set of characters or functions for the keyboard when the Alt key is pressed; for example, the Backspace key may represent the clear function when the Alt key is pressed.
�alternative transport class: In OSI, a transport class that an application entity will accept for use in an association. See also preferred transport class.
�ambiguous cursor: A database cursor for which DB2 for z/OS cannot determine whether it is used for update or read-only purposes.
�AME: See Autonomic Management Engine.
�American National Standards Institute (ANSI): A private, nonprofit organization whose membership includes private companies, U.S. government agencies, and professional, technical, trade, labor, and consumer organizations. ANSI coordinates the development of voluntary consensus standards in the U.S.
�American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): A standard code used for information exchange among data processing systems, data communication systems, and associated equipment. ASCII uses a coded character set consisting of 7-bit coded characters. See also Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.
�AMI: (1) See alternate mark inversion.; (2) See Application Messaging Interface.
�AMI-C: See Automotive Multimedia Interface-Collaboration.
�AMODE: See addressing mode.
�AMP: See application management package.
�AMPDU: Application message protocol data unit, which is defined in the MERVA Link P1 protocol, and consists of an envelope and its content.
�AMPS: See Advanced Mobile Phone Service.
�AMR: See authority mask register.
�AMRF: See Action Message Retention Facility.
�AMS: (1) See access method services.; (2) See Application Management Specification.
�AMT: See address mapping table.
�analog: Pertaining to data that consists of continuously variable physical quantities. See also digital.
�Analog Display Services Interface (ADSI): A Bellcore signaling protocol used with existing voice networks. ADSI supports analog transmission of voice and text-based information between a host or switch, voice mail system, service bureau, or similar, and a subscriber's ADSI-compatible screen telephone. A single voice-grade telephony channel is shared between voice and data, using a technique by which the channel is taken over for the transmission of modem-encoded data.
�analog video: Video in which the information that represents images is in a continuous-scale electrical signal for amplitude and time.
�analysis class: An abstraction of a role played by a design element in the system, typically within the context of a use-case realization. Analysis classes can provide an abstraction for several roles, representing the common behavior of those roles.
�analysis definition: In real-time analysis, a definition of the evaluations to be performed on specified CICS resources, the intervals at which those evaluations are to be performed, and the actions to be taken when a notif condition occurs.
�analysis group: In real-time analysis, a group of one or more analysis definitions, status definitions, or both.
�analysis mechanism: An architectural mechanism used early in the design process to capture the key aspects of a solution in an implementation independent way.
�analysis model: An object model that represents design model and provides the initial definition of the realization of the use cases.
�analysis pattern: An abstract, conceptual template, intended (through binding as with any pattern) for instantiation in an analysis model, which will then need further refinement through design.
�analysis point monitoring (APM): In real-time analysis, resource monitoring across multiple CICS system within a CICSplex that results in a single notification of a condition, rather than one notification for each system.
�analysis point specification: In real-time analysis, a specification that identifies the CMAS that are to be responsible for analysis point monitoring.
�analysis specification: In real-time analysis, a specification that establishes system availability monitoring or MAS resource monitoring within a group of CICS systems.
�analyst: Member of the project team who is responsible for eliciting and interpreting the stakeholder needs, and communicating those needs to the entire team.
�analyze component: The autonomic manager component that correlates and models complex situations to understand the current system state. See also autonomic control loop.
�anchor: An agent that enables discovery programs to access data from machines that have firewalls or another kind of protections.
�anchor control: In the GUI designer tool suite of VisualAge RPG (a feature of the WebSphere Development Studio Client licensed program), when the user has selected a group of controls in the design window, the attributes of the anchor control, such as position, size, and alignment, are applied to the other selected controls in the group.
�anchor point: The point in a document that signals to ACIF the beginning of a group of pages, after which it adds indexing structured fields to delineate this group.
�AND operation: See conjunction.
�AND relationship: The specification of conditioning indicators so that the operation is performed only when all conditions are met.
�angle bracket: Either the left angle bracket (<) or the right angle bracket (>). In the portable character set, these characters are referred to by the names <less-than-sign> and <greater-than-sign>.
�ANI: See automatic number identification.
�A/N/K: Pertaining to alphabetic, numeric, or katakana characters.
�annotate: To add metadata to a object to describe services and data.
�annotated XML schema: An XML schema composed of XML schema documents that use annotation elements and attributes that are specific to XML document decomposition. An annotated XML schema is used by decomposition procedures to specify the mapping of XML data to database tables and columns.
�annotation: (1) An added descriptive comment or explanatory note.; (2) In speech recognition, an alphanumeric string used to mark a grammar when it is defined. When the grammar is used in an application, both the word and the alphanumeric string are returned to the application.; (3) Information about a span of text. For example, an annotation could indicate that a span of text represents a company name. In the Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA), an annotation is a kind of feature structure. See also Common Analysis Structure.
�annotator: A software component that performs specific linguistic analysis tasks and produces and records annotations. An annotator is the analysis logic component in an analysis engine.
�announcement-only greeting: In voice mail, a greeting that does not give the caller an opportunity to leave a voice message.
�anonymous: In ESS Specialist, the label on an icon that represents all connections that are using fibre-channel adapters between the ESS and hosts, and that are not completely defined to the ESS. See also access-any mode, anonymous host.
�anonymous access: A type of access that allows users and servers to access a server without first authenticating with it.
�anonymous command execution: Execution of commands on a target system as either system account (for managed systems running Windows) or root (for managed systems running Linux).
�anonymous host: See pseudo-host.
�anonymous union: An unnamed object whose type is an unnamed union.
�anonymous user: A user who does not use a valid user ID and password to log into a site. See also authenticated user, registered user.
�ANR: See automatic network routing.
�ANSI: See American National Standards Institute.
�ANSI control character: A control character as defined by the FORTRAN standards of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It appears at the beginning of each record.
�answerback: In telex, the response from the dialed correspondent to the WHO R U signal.
�answerback code: A group of up to 6 letters following or contained in the answerback. It is used to check the answerback.
�anticipatory paging: In CICS, the acquisition at task initialization time of one or more consecutive pages in real storage for a task's TCA and data areas. Anticipatory paging can be used to have asynchronous paging of the task control and work areas (TCA/TWA), associated task data areas, and program storage associated with the task.
�anti-join: An answer set in which the returned rows do not meet the condition of the join predicate.
�antipattern: An example of an inferior design solution that is commonly made by developers. They are used to reinforce better planning during the development process as well as provide a problem solving reference point.
�AnyNet: An IBM implementation of the Multiprotocol Transport Network (MPTN) architecture, such as AnyNet/2 and AnyNet/MVS. AnyNet capability allows applications and associated services that use application programming interfaces, such as sockets, ICF, or CPI-Communications, the flexibility to use alternative network protocols, such as SNA or TCP/IP, and a variety of subnetwork types, such as a LAN, frame-relay, and ISDN.
�anywhere heap: The Language Environment heap controlled by the ANYHEAP runtime option. It contains library data, such as Language Environment control blocks and data structures not normally accessible from user code.The anywhere heap may reside above 16MB.
�AO: See Automated Operator.
�AOF: See application object file.
�AOI: See Automated Operator Interface.
�AOR: See application-owning region.
�AOS: See alternative offset stacker.
�AP: (1) See application process.; (2) See application program.
�APA: See all-points addressable.
�Apache Ant: A Java-based open-source tool from Apache Software Foundation that is used to automate build processes.
�Apache HTTP Server: An open-source Web server. IBM offers a Web server, called the IBM HTTP Server, which is based on Apache.
�Apache Software Foundation
�APAR: See authorized program analysis report.
�APAR media: The diskette or the tape to which the user collects APAR information.
�APD: See Application Program Driver.
�APDU: See application-layer protocol data unit.
�APF: (1) See authorized program facility.; (2) See advanced printer function.
�APF-authorized: Pertaining to a program that is authorized by the authorized program facility (APF) to access restricted functions, such as supervisor calls (SVC) or SVC paths.
�API: See application programming interface.
�API content model: A model that describes how XML documents, and their extended metadata, are represented.
�API-crossing exit: A user written program that is similar in concept to an API exit. It is supported only for CICS applications on WebSphere MQ for z/OS.
�API exit: A user-written program that monitors or modifies the function of an MQI call. For each MQI call issued by an application, the API exit is invoked before the queue manager starts to process the call and again after the queue manager has completed processing the call. The API exit can inspect and modify any of the parameters on the MQI call.
�APM: See analysis point monitoring.
�APPC: See Advanced Program-to-Program Communication.
�APPC/IMS: See Advanced Program-to-Program Communication/IMS.
�APPC/MVS: A session environment in support of LU 6.2 transaction scheduling and communications. APPC/MVS is the MVS implementation of APPC. See also Advanced Program-to-Program Communication.
�appendage: An application program routine provided to assist in handling a specific occurrence.
�applet: A program that performs a specific task and is usually portable between operating systems. Often written in Java, applets can be downloaded from the Internet and run in a Web browser.
�AppleTalk: A network protocol developed by Apple Computer, Inc. This protocol is used to interconnect network devices, which can be a mixture of Apple and non-Apple products.
�AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP): In AppleTalk networks, a protocol that (a) translates AppleTalk node addresses into hardware addresses and (b) reconciles addressing discrepancies in networks that support more than one set of protocols.
�AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP): In AppleTalk networks, a protocol that provides client/server request and response functions for hosts accessing the Zone Information Protocol (ZIP) for zone information.
�applet client: A client that runs within a browser-based Java runtime environment, and is capable of interacting with enterprise beans directly instead of indirectly through a servlet.
�Applet Viewer: An application, which is part of JDK, that demonstrates how an applet will look and behave.
�application: (1) One or more computer programs or software components that provide functionality in direct support of a specific business process or processes.; (2) A Notes database containing both data and programming (in LotusScript) for displaying and manipulating data.
�application assembly: The process of creating an enterprise archive (EAR) file containing all the files related to an application as well as an Extensible Markup Language (XML) deployment descriptor for the application.
�Application Assembly Tool: See Application Server Toolkit.
�application association: In OSI, a cooperative relationship between two application entities that enables them to exchange data.
�application boundary: During the save-while-active operation, a point in time when all of the objects that a particular application is dependent on are: 1) at a consistent state in relationship to each other, and 2) in a state where the application can be started or started again.
�application client: In Java EE, a first-tier client component that runs in its own Java virtual machine. Application clients have access to some Java EE platform APIs, for example JNDI, JDBC, RMI-IIOP, and JMS. (Sun)
�application client module: A Java archive (JAR) file that contains a client that accesses a Java application. The Java application runs inside a client container and can connect to remote or client-side Java EE resources.
�Application Client project: A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain a first-tier client component that runs in its own Java virtual machine.
�application connectivity link (ACL): A service that transmits out-of-band information between DirectTalk and the Siemens Hicom 300 switch.
�application connector: A connector that acts as an intermediary between a specific application and an integration broker.
�application context: In OSI, a set of rules for two application entities to use for an association that provides a means for agreement on the type of processing to be done. Included are the set of application service elements and their options that are to be used for the association. The application context is negotiated by the ACSE when it establishes the association.
�application context name: In OSI, a name that specifies the application context to be used for an association and the kind of work that an application does. In OSI, application context names are in object ID format. For applications that are defined by the ISO, such as FTAM, the ISO specifies application context names. For other applications, the application context names are specified by the user.
�application control block (ACB): A control block that is created from the output of DBD and PSB generation and placed in the ACB library for use during online and database batch (DBB) region type execution of IMS.
�application control block generation (ACBGEN): The process by which the application control blocks are generated.
�application control command (ACC): A MERVA Link USS command that provides a means of operating MERVA Link USS in USS schell and MVS batch environments.
�application controller: See objective analyzer.
�application-defined format: Application data in a message for which the user application defines the meaning. See also built-in format.
�application delivery notification: A delivery notification that is passed to an application. Typically, an application delivery notification is based on a network delivery notification, for example a FileAct delivery notification, but has been modified in some way by the service that exchanges data directly with the application.
�application deployment template (ADT): A combination of the logical deployment template and the network topology template that describes the deployment of application modules on servers and clusters and depicts how the logical deployment template nodes communicate with each other. See also application topology.
�Application Development Toolset: A feature of the WebSphere Development Studio licensed program that provides an integrated set of application development tools, or utilities, to be used by programmers, analysts, and support personnel. This package includes the following utilities: programming development manager (PDM), source entry utility (SEU), file compare and merge utility (FCMU), interactive source debugger (ISDB), screen design aid (SDA), data file utility (DFU), report layout utility (RLU), and advanced printer function (APF). In addition, the character generator utility (CGU) is added to the package if the user's system supports the double-byte character set (DBCS).
�application domain: CICS domain that contains several major components, including application and system services, XRF, intercommunication (ISC and MRO), system control, and reliability. Application programs run in this domain. Most application domain functions are either provided by modules that are an integral part of the CICS system and are loaded at system initialization, or they are system application programs that are loaded as needed, in the same way as user applications.
�application edition: A unique deployment of a particular application. Multiple editions of the same application have the same application name, while edition names are unique.
�application entity (AE): (1) In Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), the part of an application process that contains the OSI communications functions. Application entities can have more than one application association. See also application entity title.; (2) A logical grouping of application data into a unit with a discrete function, such as a case, contract, contact, or item. An application data entity is an application's way of organizing data in database tables into units or objects that correspond to business functions.; (3) An independent, self-contained, distinct set of software components that perform specific tasks.
�application entity common name: In OSI, a user-defined character string recommended by ISO for identifying an application entity. The application entity common name is part of the distinguished name of an application entity and must be unique within its next higher-level object--the application process common name.
�application entity descriptor: In OSI, information that identifies an application entity to OSI Communications Subsystem. The application entity descriptor also specifies the default application mode to be used for associations that are established by the application entity.
�application entity environment: In OSI, an environment that OSI Communications Subsystem establishes when an application entity identifies itself to OSI Communications Subsystem. The OSI Communications Subsystem requires that an application entity environment be established before an application entity can be activated. See also application entity identifier.
�application entity ID: See application entity identifier.
�application entity identifier (application entity ID): In OSI, a parameter that identifies a particular application entity to the programming interface. The programming interface returns the application entity identifier when the customer program builds an application entity environment. The customer program then uses the application entity identifier to identify itself to OSI Communications Subsystem on later calls. See also application entity environment.
�application entity nickname: In OSI, the name by which the local OSI Communications Subsystem identifies an application entity title.
�application entity object class: In OSI, the set of objects that are application entities.
�application entity qualifier: In OSI, an optional integer field that further defines an application entity title.
�application entity state: In OSI, a state that an application entity can be in. The state of an application entity determines what actions it can take.
�application entity title (AE title): In OSI, an identifier for an application entity that supplements the generic information in the application context name. Application entity titles are represented as distinguished names, and can also be optionally represented as object IDs. In object ID form, the application entity title consists of an application process title and an optional application entity qualifier. See also application entity, application process title.
�application environment: The environment that includes the software and the server or network infrastructure that supports it.
�application event: (1) A warning, error, or status message generated by an application when a specified constraint is exceeded or violated during job execution. See also system event.; (2) An operation that modifies an application entity and is of interest to the WebSphere business integration system. See also event, event detection.; (3) Any of the events defined by HATS except the recognition of a host screen, such as connect, disconnect, start and stop.
�application generator: An application development tool that creates applications, application components (panels, data, databases, logic, interfaces to system services), or complete application systems from design specifications.
�application group name (AGN): (1) In IMS Version 9 and earlier versions, a name that represents a defined group of IMS resources (PSBs, transaction names, and logical terminal names).; (2) In DBCTL, the name of an application group. An application group is a set of PSBs that can be accessed by one particular CICS system or BMP as a single entity.
�application group name security (AGM security): In IMS Version 9 and earlier versions, security implemented by the Security Maintenance utility to limit the access to MS resources from application programs and utilities executing in dependent regions.
�application ID: A unique string that is generated when an application connects to a database or when DB2 Connect receives a request to connect to a Distributed Relational Database Architecture database. This ID is known on both the client and the server and can be used to correlate the two parts of the application.
�application identifier (APPLID): The name by which a logical unit is known in a VTAM network.
�application interface: An interface used to invoke a program or function from another program.
�application keypad: A set of buttons or links representing HATS application-level functions. See also host keypad.
�application layer: In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model, the layer that provides means for application processes residing in open systems to exchange information and that contains the application-oriented protocols by which these processes communicate.
�application-layer protocol data unit (APDU): In OSI, a protocol data unit in the application layer.
�application-level gateway: In a firewall, a proxy server that performs a requested service for a client. See also circuit-level gateway.
�application level security: The security services that are invoked when an application issues an MQI call.
�application load balancing: An optional facility that enables an application program to be scheduled into more than one message or batch message region at the same time.
�application lock chain: In the Activity Monitor, a graphical representation of lock-waiting relationships between a selected application and other applications.
�application log: In Windows systems, a log that records significant application events.
�application LT: An logical terminal (LT) that is used by one or more applications, but that is not used for LT sessions.
�application management package (AMP): A compressed file that contains the application description files and other necessary files for managing an application. These include one global description file, one or more component description files, task scripts, and executable programs. The application management package can also include the application object file or the source files for the application itself.
�Application Management Specification (AMS): A specification standard that addresses the problems that are associated with managing multi-tiered applications.
�Application Messaging Interface (AMI): The programming interface provided by WebSphere MQ that defines a high level interface to message queuing services. See also Message Queue Interface.
�Application Migration Aid: A program which simplifies conversion of assembler language and COBOL applications from macro to command-level. The Application Migration Aid reads assembler language and COBOL source code and writes a new source file, converting the simpler macros to equivalent API commands and providing guidance on the complex macros.
�application mode: In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, a set of values that represent the communications services requested when establishing an association. If the application entity uses the presentation layer services, the application mode specifies both presentation layer and session layer values; if the application entity uses the session layer services, the application mode specifies session layer values only. The application mode also indicates the transport mode to be used for an association.
�application object file (AOF): An ASCII text file that contains the names of the global description file and the component description files, which together describe the management characteristics of an application.
�application option: In System Manager, a group of one or more loads, one of which must be a code load. An application option is an independent piece of an application program that may or may not be used with the base application program.
�application-owning region (AOR): In multiregion operation (MRO) or intersystem communication (ISC), a CICS address space whose primary purpose is to manage application programs. It receives transaction routed requests from a terminal-owning region (TOR). See also terminal-owning region, data-owning region.
�application partitioning: In the scheduler, the grouping of frequent jobs, to avoid overloading the scheduler's default application pool.
�application partition set: The partition set that CICS loads into the buffers of a display device when a user application program issues an output request. By default, this is the partition set that was named when the transaction was added to the CICS system. Alternatively, it is the partition set named by the most recent SEND PARTNSET command that the program issued.
�application plan: The control structure that is produced during the bind process. DB2 for z/OS uses an application plan to execute SQL statements.
�application plane: The Tivoli NetView submap layer on which icons of managed objects of at least one network or systems management application are displayed without shading, making the icons appear directly against the background plane. See also background plane, user plane.
�application process (AP): (1) A unit to which resources and locks are allocated. An AP involves running one or more programs.; (2) In OSI, the part of an application that resides in a single node. An application process consists of one or more application entities and other parts of an application that are unrelated to OSI data communications.
�application process common name: In OSI, a user-defined character string recommended by ISO for identifying an application process. The application process common name is part of the distinguished name of an application.
�application process title: In OSI networking, the identifier for an application process. This and the application entity qualifier make up an application entity title. See also application entity title.
�application profile: Data that describes initial actions to be performed when the telephone is answered. Information in an application profile indicates to the channel process what state table to load.
�application program (AP): (1) A program used to communicate with stations in a network, enabling users to perform application-oriented activities.; (2) A complete, self-contained program, such as an editor or electronic mail, that performs a specific task for the user, in contrast to system software, such as the operating system kernel, server processes, and program libraries.
�application program checkpoint: A commit point that occurs when an application program issues a checkpoint call. IMS then releases segments it has enqueued for the program since the last commit point; makes permanent the program's changes to the database; and, if the program processes messages, sends output messages to their destinations.
�Application Program Driver (APD): An IBM licensed program used to integrate multiple applications into a common environment and to integrate functions common to those applications. The APD/400 program provides a standardized interface that allows users to access their applications and to switch between applications.
�application program major node: In VTAM, a group of application program minor nodes. In the VTAM definition library, it is a member, book, or file that contains one or more APPL statements, which represent application programs. In MVS, it is a member of the library; in VSE, it is a book; and in VM, it is a CMS file of filetype VTAMLST.
�application programming interface (API): An interface that allows an application program that is written in a high-level language to use specific data or functions of the operating system or another program.
�application program output limits: A system definition option (SEGNO and SEGSIZE keywords) that enables users to limit the size and number of output segments that are produced by an application program. This option protects available message queue space from being depleted by a program output loop.
�application proxy: A firewall configuration that examines the destination of a packet and the type of information it contains, checks whether the network allows delivery to that destination, and controls the information flow between internal and external clients and servers.
�application queue: A local queue which, when it has triggering set on and when the triggering conditions are met, requires that trigger messages are written.
�application requester: The source of a request to a remote DRDA-enabled relational database management system (RDBMS). See also application server.
�Application Response Measurement (ARM): An application programming interface (API), developed by a group of technology vendors, that can be used to monitor the availability and performance of business transactions within and across diverse applications and systems.
�Application Response Measurement agent (ARM agent): An agent that monitors software that is implemented using the Application Response Measurement standard.
�Application Response Measurement engine (ARM engine): An application that passes information about subtransactions between business applications across a network.
�application server: (1) The target of a request from an application requester. The database management system (DBMS) at the application server site services the request. See also application requester, DB2 Embedded Application Server.; (2) A server program in a distributed network that provides the execution environment for an application program.; (3) Software that handles communication with the client requesting an asset and queries of the Content Manager.; (4) A host that is attached to the storage area network (SAN) and that runs applications.
�application server interface (ASI): The principal software component of WebSphere Voice Response that manages the real-time channel processing.
�application server platform: A platform used for web and voice applications for e-business.
�Application Server Toolkit (AST): A tool that provides a graphical interface for packaging code artifacts into modules and configuring Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)-compliant deployment descriptions.
�application service element (ASE): A set of functions in the application layer of OSI that provides a capability for the interworking of application entities for a specific purpose on a single application association. The set of functions is identified during association establishment to be used or provided by the peer application entities.
�application service provider: An organization that offers subscription services for applications and related services on a pay-per-use basis. ASPs host, manage and maintain applications at their own site and make them available via the Web. This enables smaller companies or those with limited budgets to take full advantage of the latest information technology.
�application shell (SH): The CICS facility that provides the work management mechanism to build and refresh the application programming environment needed to run CICS transactions.
�application-specific business object: A business object whose attributes represent an entity in an application's data model. Such a business object usually contains attributes that correspond to the fields of the application entity, and contains application-specific metadata, which gives the connector information on how to process the business object and its attributes. See also metadata, generic business object.
�application-specific component: The component of a connector that contains code tailored to a particular application or technology. The application-specific component can respond to requests and implement an event-notification mechanism that detects and responds to events initiated by an application or external programmatic entity.
�application-specific information: Part of the metadata of a business object that enables the connector to interact with its application (for example, Ariba Buyer) or a data source (for example, a Web servlet). See also metadata.
�application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC): In computer chip design, a integrated circuit created by first mounting an array of unconnected logic gates on a substrate and later connecting these gates in a particular configuration for a specific application. This design approach allows chips for a variety of applications to be made from the same generic gate array, thereby reducing production costs.
�application support filter (ASF): In MERVA Link, a user-written program that can control and modify any data exchanged between the Application Support Layer and the Message Transfer Layer.
�application support process: An executing instance of an application support program. Each application support process is associated with an ASP entry in the partner table. An ASP that handles outgoing messages is a sending ASP; one that handles incoming messages is a receiving ASP.
�application support program: In MERVA Link, a program that exchanges messages and reports with a specific remote partner ASP. These two programs must agree on which conversation protocol they are to use.
�application support protocol: The protocol that connects application requesters and application servers.
�application system: A system made up of one or more host systems that perform the main set of functions for an establishment. The application system updates the primary disk volumes that are being copied by a copy services function.
�application thread: A thread of execution created and managed by application code.
�application tier: A group of application servers that collaborates for the purposes of workload balancing and failover. See also high availability.
�application topology: A model that defines the components of an application and reusable topologies and how they interact, independent of their deployment. An application topology is the basis of a process to deploy applications in the data center model. See also application deployment template, logical application structure.
�application transaction program: A program that runs an application or part of an application.
�application unit of work: A set of actions within an application that the designer chooses to regard as an entity in its own right. The designer decides how (if at all) an application should be subdivided into application units of work, and whether any application unit of work shall consist of just one or of many CICS logical units of work (LUWs). Typically, but not exclusively, an application unit of work would correspond to a CICS transaction.
�application variable pool: The set of all dialog variable values for an open application.
�APPLID: See application identifier.
�APPLID name: The name by which VTAM identifies an IMS system for establishing sessions. The name is specified in a VTAM APPL definition statement and in the APPLID keyword of the IMS COMM system definition macro.
�apply: (1) In replication, to refresh or update a replication target table.; (2) To carry out the selected choice in a window without closing the window.
�Apply control server: In SQL replication, a database or subsystem that contains the Apply control tables, which store information about registered replication source tables and subscription sets. See also control server, Apply server.
�Apply cycle: In SQL replication, the interval of time during which data is replicated from a source table to a target table.
�Apply latency: In SQL replication, an approximate measurement of the difference between the time that changed data is made available to the Apply program and the time that the data is applied to a target table. This measurement is a subset of the end-to-end latency measurement in a replication scenario. See also latency, Capture latency, Q Apply latency, Q Capture latency, end-to-end latency.
�Apply program: In SQL replication, a program that is used to refresh or update a replication target table. See also Capture program, target table, Capture trigger.
�Apply qualifier: In SQL replication, a case-sensitive character string that identifies replication subscription sets that are unique to an instance of the Apply program.
�Apply server: In SQL replication, a system where the Apply program is running. See also control server, Apply control server.
�APPN: See Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking.
�appropriate privileges: A level of authority possessed by a process in which the user profile under which the process is running has *ALLOBJ special authority.
�approvable action: A command or group of commands invoked by a user that cannot be executed without prior approval from an approver within the organization. See also approval flow, approver, approver group.
�approval: In WebSphere Commerce Payments, the creation of a Payments object by a merchant. For cassettes that implement credit card protocols, approval will likely map to authorization. Other cassettes might implement the approval process differently.
�approval flow: The series of steps initiated when a user attempts to execute a task involving an approvable action. See also approvable action.
�approver: The individual authorized to approve or reject an approvable action. See also approvable action.
�approver group: The designated users within a specific organization to whom an approval request is directed when an approvable action is invoked. Requests are directed to the entire unit, rather than a single individual. See also approvable action.
�AR: See access register.
�ARB: See arbitrate primitive signal.
�arbitrated loop: (1) For fibre-channel connections, a topology that enables the interconnection of a set of nodes.; (2) A shared fibre-channel transport, operating at 100 MBps or more, that is structured as a loop and supports up to 126 devices and one fabric attachment. A port must successfully arbitrate before a circuit can be established. See also arbitrate primitive signal, switched fabric, node loop port.
�arbitrated loop physical address (AL_PA): An 8-bit value used to identify a participating device in an arbitrated loop. See also alias AL_PA.
�arbitrate primitive signal (ARB): A primitive signal that is transmitted as the fill word by a loop port (L_port) to indicate that the L_port is arbitrating to access to the loop. See also arbitrated loop.
�arbitration wait timeout value (AW_TOV): The minimum time an arbitrating L_port waits for a response before beginning loop initialization.
�arc: In graphs, a curve or line segment that links two vertices.
�architectural baseline: The baseline created at the end of the Elaboration phase that represents the stable structure and behavior of the system.
�architectural mechanism: The representation of common concrete solutions to frequently encountered problems. Architectural mechanisms may be patterns of structure, patterns of behavior, or both.
�architectural pattern: A pattern that expresses a fundamental structural organization schema for software systems. It provides a set of predefined subsystems, specifies their responsibilities, and includes rules and guidelines for organizing the relationships between them.
�architectural view: A representation of the system structure from a particular perspective. This representation includes the essential components of the structure and the flow of control.
�architecture: (1) The set of rules and conventions that govern the creation and control of data types such as text, image, graphics, font, fax, color, audio, bar code, and multimedia.; (2) Organization and justification of static and behavioral artifacts for software and its structure.; (3) The fundamental organization of a system embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and to the environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution.; (4) A set of defined terms and rules used as instructions to build products.
�architecture description: In the Reusable Asset Specification (RAS), a collection of artifacts documenting the architecture of the system. More precisely, an architectural description is a subset of the system models that best captures and explains the architectural decisions.
�architecture description specification (ADS): In the Reusable Asset Specification (RAS), a set of concepts, notations with semantics, and guidelines for describing architectures and architecture frameworks of e-Business systems.
�architecture specification type: A class of specifications for defining architectural components.
�archive: (1) A service that copies inactive files from disk to removable media for longer term storage and removes the files from disk to free disk storage space. The user can select specific objects or groups of objects to include or exclude from the archive process.; (2) Persistent storage used for long-term information retention, typically very inexpensive for each stored unit and slow to access, and often in a different geographic location to protect against equipment failures and natural disasters.; (3) To copy programs, data, or files to another storage media, usually for long-term storage or security. See also retrieve, storage pool.
�archive candidate: In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, an object or document that has been selected by an archive control group to archive. Archive candidates are reported on the Archive Candidate Report, which is produced by the Start Archive using BRM (STRARCBRM) command.
�archive control group: In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, a group of objects (lists) that share common archive characteristics. The default values for archive control groups are defined in the BRM archive policy and can be used or overridden in each archive control group.
�archive copy: A file that was archived to server storage.
�archive database: A copy of a Notes database created to store information no longer in use.
�archive library: A facility for grouping application-program object files. The archive library file, when created for application-program object files, has a special symbol table for members that are object files.
�archive log: (1) The set of log files that is closed and is no longer needed for normal processing. These files are retained for use in roll-forward recovery. See also active log, circular log.; (2) A data set on a storage device to which WebSphere MQ copies the contents of each active log data set when the active log reaches its size limit. See also recovery log, active log.
�archive policy: In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, a policy that defines the default values that are used in archive control groups. Archive policy values can be overridden at the individual archive control group level. The archive policy inherits defaults from the system policy. System policy defaults can be used or overridden in the archive policy.
�archive table: A table created in an application to store information about a processed event. This table is created as part of the installation and configuration of a connector. Not all connectors use an archive table.
�ARDIS: See Advanced Radio Data Information Service.
�area: (1) A subset of a data entry database (DEDB) that is defined as a VSAM entry-sequenced data set (ESDS). Each area in a DEDB consists of a root-addressable part, an independent-overflow part, and a sequential-dependent part. Areas contain the entire logical structure for a set of root segments and their dependent segments.; (2) In a link-state routing protocol, groups of contiguous networks and attached hosts. An autonomous system can be divided into areas, which are connected to each other by routers. Routers within the same area share an identical link-state database. See also autonomous system.
�area border router: A router that is located on the border of OSPF areas and connects these areas to the backbone network. An area border router has multiple interfaces to multiple areas, maintains separate link-state databases for each area, and maintains a routing table describing both the backbone topology and the topology of the other areas.
�area data set (ADS): A data set that contains a data entry database (DEDB) area. IMS can maintain up to seven copies of this data set. See also multiple area data set.
�area-level sharing: See level one data sharing.
�area-specific help: In an application program using DDS, help information supplied by the programmer for the area of the screen where the cursor is located when the person using the program presses the Help key.
�ARF: See automatic reconfiguration facility.
�argument: (1) A value passed to or returned from a function or procedure at run time.; (2) An independent variable or any value of an independent variable. Examples of arguments are a search key and a number identifying the location of an item in a table.
�argument declaration: See also parameter declaration.
�argument list: (1) In UIM, a list of values that are passed to a program.; (2) In REXX, a complete set of arguments, separated by commas, that are passed between a calling routine and a called routine.
�arithmetic expression: A statement that contains values joined together by one or more arithmetic operators and that is processed as a single numeric value.
�arithmetic object: An integral object or objects having the float, double, or long double type.
�arithmetic operation: (1) An operation such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or exponentiation that is performed only on numeric fields.; (2) In COBOL, the process caused by the running of an arithmetic statement or the evaluation of an arithmetic expression that results in a mathematically correct solution to the arguments presented.
�arithmetic operator: A symbol used to represent a mathematical operation, such as + or -, used to indicate addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or exponentiation.
�arithmetic statement: In COBOL, a statement that causes an arithmetic operation to be run. The arithmetic statements are the ADD, COMPUTE, DIVIDE, MULTIPLY, and SUBTRACT statements.
�ARL: See ABLE Rule Language.
�ARM: (1) See Application Response Measurement.; (2) See automatic restart manager.
�ARM agent: See Application Response Measurement agent.
�ARM engine: See Application Response Measurement engine.
�ARM-instrumented application: An application in which ARM calls are added to the source code to enable the performance of the application to be monitored by management systems.
�AR mode: See access register mode.
�ARP: See Address Resolution Protocol.
�ARPA: See Advanced Research Projects Agency.
�ARPANET: A network established by the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (now the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency).
�array: (1) A structure that contains an ordered collection of data elements in which each element can be referenced by its ordinal position in the collection. All elements in an array have the same data type.; (2) An arrangement of data in one or more dimensions, such as a list, table, or multidimensional arrangement of items.; (3) An arrangement of related hard-disk-drive modules that have been assigned to a group.; (4) In programming languages, an aggregate that consists of data objects, with identical attributes, each of which can be uniquely referenced by subscripting. See also vector, scalar.; (5) In EGL, a structure item that has an occurs value greater than one. If an array has a subordinate structure item that also has an occurs value greater than one, the subordinate structure item declares an array with an additional dimension.; (6) A number of items stored together, which a user can quickly retrieve by supplying the correct index.; (7) An ordered collection, or group, of physical devices (disk drive modules) that are used to define logical volumes (LVOLs) or devices. In the ESS, an array is a group of disks designated by the user to be managed with a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID). See also Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
�array attribute: An attribute that represents an array of child business objects in a WebSphere business integration system. The type of this attribute is the same as that of the array it represents. See also attribute, child business object, simple attribute, single-cardinality attribute.
�array element: One of the data items in an array.
�array file: In RPG, an input file containing array elements.
�array index: In RPG, the actual number of an element in an array, or the field containing the number or relative position of an element in an array.
�array type: A data type that is defined as an array of another data type.
�arrival sequence: An order in which records are retrieved that is based on the order in which records are stored in a physical file. See also keyed sequence.
�arrival sequence access path: An access path to a database file that is arranged according to the order in which records are stored in the physical file.
�articulation: In the Reusable Asset Specification (RAS), the degree to which an asset is described. The level and degree of specification, implementation and testing artifacts describe an asset. Each asset category in the RAS further describes types of assets for a given category, possessing varying degrees of articulation.
�artifact: (1) An entity that is used or produced by a software development process. Examples of artifacts are models, source files, scripts, and binary executable files.; (2) An archive file that contains an action descriptor, optionally a media descriptor, and the set of files that are required for the change management operations. See also action descriptor, media descriptor.; (3) The data that is available for analysis from the files collected for problem determination, from the results of probes that were requested, or from event streams of managed resources. See also installable unit.; (4) A UML model element that describes the implementation of components by representing physical implementation units, such as executable files, libraries, software components, documents, and databases.; (5) Any file, object, or other piece of data that is created or used during the execution of a process.
�artifact instance: A UML model element that represents an instantiation, or actual occurrence, of an artifact.
�artifact set: A set of related artifacts which help to present one aspect of the system. Artifact sets cut across disciplines, as several artifacts are used in a number of disciplines; for example, the Risk List, the Software Architecture Document, and the Iteration Plan.
�artificial JQE (JQA): A control block containing a summary of information from a job control table (JCT) entry that consists of the base job queue element (JQE), the job queue element extension (JQX), and additional fields in the artificial JQE (JQA).

�AS: See autonomous system.
�AS/400: See System i.
�ASC: See Abstract Syntax Checker.
�ascending key: The values by which data is arranged from the lowest value to the highest value of the key field in accordance with the rules for comparing data items. See also descending key.
�ascending key sequence: The arrangement of data in order from the lowest value of the key field to the highest value of the key field. See also descending key sequence.
�ascending sequence: The arrangement of data in order from the lowest value to the highest value, according to the rules for comparing data. See also descending sequence.
�ASCII: See American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
�ASCII line-mode display station: A display station that has the characteristics of Teletype equipment or typewriters. The display station has a one-line input field at the bottom of the screen. The output field is located above the input field and receives data, one line at a time, with the most recent data at the bottom of the output field.
�ASCII port sharing: A function that allows the user to have different ASCII devices (programmable or nonprogrammable work stations) share the same port, at different times, without needing to manually create a configuration description for each new device.
�ASE: See application service element.
�asensitive cursor: A cursor whose sensitivity is dependent on how an SQL statement is optimized. An asensitive cursor can behave as a sensitive cursor or an insensitive cursor. See also cursor, cursor sensitivity.
�ASF: See application support filter.
�ASI: See application server interface.
�ASIC: See application-specific integrated circuit.
�ASID: See address space identifier.
�ASIF: See access security information field.
�ASIS: See access security information subfield.
�ASM interconnect: See Advanced System Management interconnect.
�ASM interconnect gateway: See gateway service processor.
�ASM interconnect network: See Advanced System Management interconnect network.
�ASM PCI adapter: See Advanced System Management PCI adapter.
�ASM processor: See Advanced System Management processor.
�ASN.1: See Abstract Syntax Notation One.
�ASN.1 encoding rule: In OSI, a rule that specifies the representation during transfer of the value of any ASN.1 type. ASN.1 encoding rules enable information being transferred to be identified by the recipient as a specific value of a specific ASN.1 type.
�ASN.1 type: In OSI, data type defined by ASN.1 notation, for example, Boolean values and bit strings.
�ASP: (1) See auxiliary storage pool.; (2) See Active Server Page.
�aspect: In aspect-oriented programming, a mechanism that expresses crosscutting concerns and automatically incorporates them into a system. See also cross-cutting concern.
�aspect-oriented connectivity: A form of connectivity that implements or enforces cross-cutting concerns, such as security, management, logging, and auditing, in a service-oriented architecture (SOA).
�aspect ratio: The ratio of one dimension to another, for example, the ratio of the width of a graphic to its height as it appears on the display.
�assemble: To collect the resources of a HATS project, along with the necessary executable code, into an application EAR file in preparation for transferring the application to the server.
�assemble phase: The phase of the SOA Foundation lifecycle that translates the business design into an assembly of information artifacts that implement the business design. This includes the development of business process definitions and activities, the identification, design and implementation of services and the application of policies and conditions to control how applications operate within the production environment.
�assembler: A computer program that converts assembly language instructions into object code.
�Assembler H: An IBM licensed program that translates symbolic assembler language into binary machine language.
�assembler language: A symbolic programming language that represents machine instructions of a specific architecture.
�assembler user exit: A routine to tailor the characteristics of an enclave prior to its establishment.
�assembly: A collection of common components, assemblies, and offerings that forms a logical unit of software packaging and sharing and has a managed development and maintenance life cycle. An assembly is a serviceable software asset. See also common component, feature, offering, serviceable software asset, component.
�assertion: (1) A logical expression specifying a program state that must exist or a set of conditions that program variables must satisfy at a particular point during program execution.; (2) A capability or requirement that represent a domain specific concept. Assertions fall into the following categories: performance, reliability, interoperability, security, and manageability.
�assessment: An optional quiz or evaluation that is built into a course.
�asset: (1) A digital multimedia resource that is stored for later retrieval as requested by an application. An example of such a resource is a digitized video or audio file. An asset is stored as a file in a multimedia file system supported by the data pump.; (2) In the Reusable Asset Specification (RAS), a collection of related artifacts packaged to provide solutions to a recurring problem, along with the supporting files to understand and apply the asset.; (3) A collection of artifacts that provide a solution to a specific business problem. Assets can have relationships and variability or extension points to other assets.
�asset category: In the Reusable Asset Specification (RAS), a grouping of assets that share common scope, variability, granularity, visibility, content, and purpose. For instance, an asset category may be a framework or a mechanism.
�asset group: An organizational grouping within the multimedia file system with similar characteristics. You can use an asset group to allocate resources of a data pump. For example, you could establish two asset groups representing distinct departments whose assets should be kept separate for security or billing purposes.
�asset registry: A set of file locations that that can be referenced from a test plan hierarchy.
�asset store: A store that contains a collection of sharable resources (business artifacts, business processes, and storefront assets) that can be leveraged in other types of stores. An asset store does not perform or record business transactions; it is simply a holder of assets that can be used by other stores. See also catalog asset store, storefront asset store.
�asset structure model: In the Reusable Asset Specification (RAS), a model that describes the logical composition of an asset. This model describes the major sections of the asset and the relevant artifacts and descriptors. Elements of this model are described in further detail by the semantic model.
�asset type: In the Reusable Asset Specification (RAS), a refinement of an asset category, providing more detailed description of the asset or assets. For instance, whereas an asset category may be a framework, an asset type for that category may be a requirements framework or a component framework.
�assigned date: The date that a volume is assigned to the current owner. Assigned date is not meaningful for a scratch volume.
�assigned storage: The space allocated to a volume and assigned to a port. See also allocated storage.
�assignment: (1) The process of giving a value to a variable.; (2) In REXX, a single clause with the form symbol = expression. An assignment gives a variable a new value.
�assignment conversion: In the C language, a change to the form of a value where the operand being assigned is converted to the type of the variable receiving the assignment.
�assignment expression: An expression that assigns the value of the right operand expression to the left operand variable and has as its value the value of the right operand.
�assignment name: In COBOL, a word that associates a file name with a device.
�assignment statement: A statement that gives a value to a variable. It always contains the assignment symbol (=).
�assistance level: The type of displays that a user selects to interact with the system. The three levels of assistance available are basic, intermediate, and advanced.
�assisted modeling: A general set of capabilities for assisting users during creation of models. Two general categories of functionality are GUI assists for common operations and validation of user actions against modeling rules in real time with provision of 'lightweight' and user-tunable GUI feedback regarding rules exceptions.
�assistive technology: Hardware or software that is used to increase, maintain, or assist the functional capabilities of people with disabilities.
�associated agent: An agent that has completed work for an application and is available for reassignment to that application if that application needs to do more work.
�associated data (ADATA): A collection of compiler-specified information information about the module that is created by the language translator but not required for linking, loading, or execution.
�associated DDM attribute: A data set attribute that is defined in distributed data management (DDM). Examples of associated DDM attributes are file size, lock options, and end-of-file offset for byte-stream files. Associated DDM attributes are not necessarily exclusive to DDM; they also can be used by other applications that access the same data sets.
�associated library: A single remote library on the System i host that contains the build objects for a project.
�associated printing: A technique for directing application program printout output to a specific printer node name. The destination print queue is specified at logon or signon time, and is created during signon of the user who created the input transaction.
�associated type: An object that refers to a source object. See also referenced type.
�association: (1) For XML documents, the linkage of the document itself to the rules that govern its structure, which might be defined by a Document Type Definition (DTD) or an XML schema.; (2) In enterprise beans, a relationship that exists between two container-managed persistence (CMP) entity beans. There are two types of association: one-to-one and one-to-many.; (3) The semantic relationship between two or more classifiers that specifies connections among their instances. See also association end, client.; (4) A visual representation of the members in a group that shows relationships or provides additional information about the members of a group.
�association class: (1) A class that holds information belonging to a link between two objects.; (2) A model element that has both association and class properties. An association class can be seen as an association that also has class properties, or as a class that also has association properties.
�association control service element (ACSE): In OSI, a set of services defined by ISO 8649 for controlling an application association between two application entities that communicate using a presentation connection. The ACSE services provide a means to establish and release an association between the application entities.
�association end: In UML modeling, the connection point of an association relationship that specifies the model element's role in the relationship. See also association.
�association environment: In OSI, an environment that OSI Communications Subsystem for AS/400 establishes for an association. OSI Communications Subsystem for AS/400 requires that an association environment be established before an application entity can establish an association.
�association establishment: In OSI, the process of creating an association between two application entities. After an association is established, the application entities can exchange data.
�association ID: See association identifier.
�association identifier (association ID): In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, a parameter that identifies a particular association to the programming interface. The programming interface returns the association identifier when the application entity builds an association environment. The application entity then uses the association identifier to specify the association on later OSI Communications Subsystem calls.
�association relationship: In UML modeling, a structural relationship between two model elements (the supplier and the client) that describes the reasons for the relationship and the rules that govern it. See also directed association relationship.
�association release: In OSI, the process of ending an association between two application entities. After an association is released, the application entities can no longer exchange data.
�association states: In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, the set of states that an association can be in after an association environment is established. The state of an association determines what actions the application entity can take for that association.
�associativity: The order for grouping operands with an operator (either left-to-right or right-to-left).
�assumed decimal point: In COBOL, a logical decimal point position that does not occupy a storage position in a data item. It is used by a compiler to align a value properly for calculation or input/output operations. See also actual decimal point.
�AST: See Application Server Toolkit.
�asterisk fill: A type of numeric editing that puts asterisks to the left of a number to fill unused positions. Example: *****476.12
�ASU: See automatic screen update.
�asymmetric algorithm: See public key algorithm.
�asymmetric cryptography: See public key cryptography.
�Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL): A technology based on Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology that is for Internet access where fast downstream is required, but slow upstream is acceptable.
�asymmetric key cryptography: A system of cryptography that uses two keys: a public key known to everyone and a private key known only to the receiver or sender of the message. See also symmetric key cryptography.
�asymmetric keys: In computer security, the two keys in a key pair. The keys are called asymmetric because one key holds more of the encryption pattern than the other does.
�asymmetric video compression: In multimedia applications, the use of a powerful computer to compress a video so that a less powerful system can decompress it.
�asymmetric virtualization: A virtualization technique in which the virtualization engine is outside the data path and performs a metadata-style service. The metadata server contains all the mapping and locking tables while the storage devices contain only data. See also symmetric virtualization, metadata server.
�ASYNC: See asynchronous.
�asynchronous (ASYNC): (1) Pertaining to events that are not synchronized in time or do not occur in regular or predictable time intervals. See also synchronous.; (2) In cross-site mirroring, pertaining to the mode of geographic mirroring in which the program issuing the update waits until the operation is complete on the production copy and received for processing on the target system.
�asynchronous action: A request sent by an object that does not wait to receive the result. See also synchronous action.
�asynchronous balanced mode: In communications, an operational mode of a balanced data link in which either combined station can send commands at any time and can initiate transmission of response frames without explicit permission from the other combined station. See also normal response mode.
�asynchronous balanced mode extended (ABME): In communications, an operational mode in which modulus 128 sequence numbers are used.
�asynchronous batched update: A process in which all changes to the source are recorded and applied to existing target data at specified intervals. See also asynchronous continuous update.
�asynchronous bean: A Java object or an enterprise bean that a Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) application can run asynchronously.
�asynchronous communication: A method of communication supported by the operating system that allows an exchange of data with a remote device, using either a start-stop line or an X.25 line. Asynchronous communication includes the file transfer support and the interactive terminal facility support. See also System i Access asynchronous communications, start-stop.
�Asynchronous Communications Device Interface (ACDI): An application programming interface or service that is used by application programs. Application programs use the ACDI service to communicate with programs on other systems that use asynchronous communications.
�asynchronous continuous update: A process in which all changes to the source are recorded and applied to existing target data immediately after being committed in the base table. See also asynchronous batched update.
�asynchronous controller description: A controller description that represents a remote system or device when using asynchronous transmission methods on an asynchronous communications line or when using non-SNA protocols on an X.25 communications line to communicate with the system.
�asynchronous disk I/O: In Performance Tools, a disk access operation that is not expected to complete before program operation can continue. See also synchronous disk I/O.
�asynchronous I/O: (1) A series of input/output operations that are being done separately from the job that requested them.; (2) The nonsequential processing of read and write requests across multiple disks.
�Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX): A group of technologies used to create dynamic, interactive Web pages that respond quickly to requests through the exchange of smaller chunks of data. AJAX uses a combination of existing technologies and protocols including XHTML, CSS, XML, client-side scripting languages such as JavaScript, Document Object Model, and an asynchronous data retrieval mechanism such as XMLHttpRequest.
�asynchronous messaging: A method of communication between programs in which a program places a message on a message queue, then proceeds with its own processing without waiting for a reply to its message. See also synchronous messaging.
�asynchronous mode: In high availability disaster recovery, the synchronization mode in which the primary database considers a transaction committed when it successfully submits the relevant log data to the network. The primary database does not wait for an acknowledgment that the log data was received by the standby system. See also high availability disaster recovery, peer state, synchronization mode.
�asynchronous monitor: A monitor that receives data in an unsolicited event and interprets the data immediately.
�asynchronous operation: An operation that occurs without a regular or predictable time relationship to a specified event. While the asynchronous operation is performed, the application program is allowed to continue execution. For example, the calling of an error diagnostic routing may receive control at any time during the execution of a computer program.
�asynchronous processing: A series of operations that are done separately from the job in which they were requested; for example, submitting a batch job from an interactive job at a work station. See also synchronous processing.
�asynchronous replication: In replication, the process of copying data from a source table to a target table outside the scope of the original transaction that updated the source table. See also synchronous replication.
�asynchronous/SDLC: A data-link level communications protocol that allows data to be transmitted over an asynchronous line using a control protocol similar to SDLC.
�asynchronous transfer mode (ATM): (1) A communications method in which information is organized into small, fixed-length cells that recur without regular or predictable time relationships. ATM incorporates network switches and negotiated service connections.; (2) A broadband technology for transmitting data over LANs or WANs that is based on relaying cells of fixed size. ATM provides any-to-any connectivity and nodes can transmit simultaneously.
�asynchronous transmission: A method of transmission in which the sending and receiving of data is controlled by control characters such as a start bit and a stop bit, instead of by a timing sequence. See also synchronous transmission.
�ATCB: See auxiliary task control block.
�ATDE: See auxiliary task-dispatching element.
�ATI: See automatic transaction initiation.
�atime: In UNIX and Linux, the time when the file was last accessed.
�ATL: See automated tape library.
�ATM: See asynchronous transfer mode.
�ATM adaptation layer (AAL): A layer in the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) endsystem model that defines services provided by the ATM layer as needed by the higher layers. AALs in separate ATM endsystems communicate with each other using a standardized peer protocol. There are several classes of ATM adaptation layers, each of which corresponds to a major type of network traffic (for example, data, voice, or video).
�ATM address: A 20-digit hexadecimal number that uniquely identifies an end system in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. i5/OS registers a unique ATM address for each input/output adapter (IOA).
�ATM campus network: A network of ATM nodes providing connectivity for ATM endsystems located in buildings within the same general area (for example, the distance between buildings is 1 kilometer or less).
�ATM endpoint: See ATM endsystem.
�ATM endsystem: A node at which an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) connection is initiated or terminated. An originating endsystem initiates the ATM connection, and a terminating endsystem terminates the ATM connection.
�ATM forum: A worldwide organization that promotes asynchronous transfer mode within the industry and the end-user community. The ATM forum defines two basic standards of interoperability: user-to-network interface (UNI) 3.0 and UNI 3.1.
�ATM traffic descriptor: A list of traffic parameters (such as forward/backward peak cell rate or forward/backward maximum burst size) that can be used to capture the intrinsic traffic characteristics of a requested asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) connection.
�atomic: (1) In DB2 for i5/OS SQL, a characteristic of database data definition functions that allows the function to complete or return to its original state if a power interruption or abnormal end occurs.; (2) In commitment control, a characteristic that allows individual changes to objects to appear as a single change.; (3) Pertaining to a transaction's changes to the state of resources: either all occur or none occur. The atomic characteristic maintains data integrity by making sure that some updates are not made while others fail. See also commit.
�atomic event: A single, "low-level" non-composite event . The types of atomic event are activity completion, input, timer and system. See also composite event.
�atomicity: An attribute or property of a transaction whereby a group of statements is run as if a single operation or none of the statements are run. See also ACID property.
�atomic type: In DB2 XQuery, a data type that can be either a primitive simple data type or a derived type that is based on a primitive simple type. See also atomic value.
�atomic value: The smallest obtainable value in an XQuery expression; this atomic type value cannot be deconstructed. See also atomic type, item, XQuery and XPath data model.
�atomization: A method of data type conversion that the XQuery language uses to process expressions that expect a sequence of atomic values. Atomization takes a sequence of items and returns the atomic values in the sequence.
�ATP: See AppleTalk Transaction Protocol.
�ATP inventory: See available to promise inventory.
�attach: (1) To remotely access objects at the instance level.; (2) To make a device a logical part of a network.; (3) In z/OS, to create a task that can execute concurrently with the attaching code.; (4) In Notes, to store a file with a document or form. The file, or attachment, is stored with the document or form in the database until one of them is deleted.; (5) In Sametime, to include a file on the whiteboard when scheduling a meeting or during a meeting.
�attached data partition: A data partition that is attached to a table but is not validated using integrity processing. Data in attached data partitions is unavailable to SQL statements. See also visible data partition.
�attached processor: In telephony, a host computer that is attached by a communications line to a telephone switch and that is controlling some, if not all, of the switch functions.
�attach header: In SNA, a function management header (FMH-5) that causes a remote process or transaction to be attached.
�Attach Manager: The component of APPC that matches Attaches received from remote computers to accepts issued by local programs.
�attachment: (1) An entire device or feature attached to a processing unit, including required adapters.; (2) A file that is attached to an e-mail message or other electronic document.; (3) A port or a pair of ports, optionally including an associated optical bypass, that are managed as a functional unit. A dual attachment includes two ports: port A and port B. A single attachment consists of one port: port S.; (4) In WebSphere Commerce, a collection of one or more files that are associated to a catalog or marketing asset. See also attachment asset, attachment target.
�attachment asset: A file or URL associated with an attachment. See also attachment, attachment target.
�attachment facility: An interface between DB2 and TSO, IMS, CICS, or batch address spaces. An attachment facility allows application programs to access DB2.
�attachment reference: A string of data representing a reference to an attachment. The format and contents of the attachment reference are defined by the attachment reference type.
�attachment reference type: A value used to define the format and contents of an attachment reference, so that the programs that work with specific types of attachment references are supported. The attachment reference types supported on a system are defined when the mail server framework is configured. The value associated with an attachment reference type must be a unique type value.
�attachment target: A collection of attachment assets distinguished by differentiators such as language. See also attachment, attachment asset.
�attachment unit interface (AUI): (1) See transceiver cable.; (2) In a local area network, the interface between the medium attachment unit and the data terminal equipment within a data station.
�attach request: In SNA, the request unit that flows on a session to initiate a conversation.
�attack: Any attempt by an unauthorized person to compromise the operation of a software program or networked system.
�attack signature: A string of characters in the payload of a network message that indicate that the message contains malicious content, such as a virus, Trojan horse, or other intrusion activity.
�attended mode: An Operations Console state that requires the local console operator to approve each remote request for control of a System i product when the local console is in control.
�attended mode IPL: A type of IPL in which the IPL stops at the dedicated service tools (DST) environment, allowing the user to make changes to the system or to debug a problem with the system. Continuing the IPL allows the system to stop at various steps of the remaining IPL into the i5/OS operating system, allowing the user to make additional changes within the i5/OS installation. See also unattended mode IPL.
�attention (ATTN): An occurrence external to an operation that could cause an interruption of the operation.
�attention identifier (AID): A character in a data stream that is sent to the host system when a display station user presses an attention identifier (AID) key. Typical AID keys are function keys or the Clear, Enter, Page Up, Page Down, Help, Print, and Home keys.
�attention identifier key (AID key): A key that causes an attention identifier (AID) to be sent to the host system when pressed, such as a function key or the Clear, Enter, Page Up, Page Down, Help, Print, and Home keys.
�attention key: A function key on terminals that, when pressed, causes an I/O interruption in the central processing unit.
�attention-key-handling program: A user-defined program that is called when the workstation user presses the Attention (Attn) key.
�attention routine: In CICS/VSE, A routine of the system that receives control when the operator presses the Attention key. The routine sets up the console for the input of a command, reads the command, and initiates the system service requested by the command.
�ATTN: See attention.
�attribute: (1) A characteristic or trait of an entity that describes the entity; for example, the telephone number of an employee is one of that employee's attributes.; (2) In user interface manager (UIM) tag language, an identifier used with related material that takes on a specific meaning, such as an action to be taken or the characteristics of text or data.; (3) In object oriented programming, a property of an object or class that can be distinguished distinctly from any other properties. Attributes often describe state information.; (4) A property, quality, or characteristic whose value contributes to the specification of an element or program function. For example, "cost" or "location" are attributes that can be assigned to a resource. See also array attribute, simple attribute, single-cardinality attribute.; (5) Data associated with a component. For example, a server component might have attributes such as host name, IP address, operating system type, operating system version, number of CPUs, CPU speed, type of RAM, number of hard drives, network domain, and so on.; (6) Descriptive information that provides important details about a requirement or discussion.; (7) The information, data, or properties that belong to instances of a classifier.; (8) In markup languages such as SGML, XML, and HTML, a name-value pair within a tagged element that modifies features of the element.; (9) A system or application element being monitored by a monitoring agent, such as Disk Name and Disk Read/Writes Per Second.
�attribute access class: Class that consists of attributes that require similar permission for access. Attributes are assigned to an access class within the schema files. The three user-modifiable access classes are normal, sensitive, and critical.
�attribute character: A character associated with a field in a display file record format that defines how the field is displayed.
�attribute condition: The criteria in the event filter of a rule where the values of event attributes can be tested or assigned.
�attribute configuration file (ACF): In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), an optional companion to an interface definition file that modifies how the Interface Definition Language (IDL) compiler locally interprets the interface definition.
�attribute facet: The type of data that an event can contain.
�attribute group: (1) Convenience grouping of one or more attributes. For example, Address might include the attributes Street, City, State, and Zip.; (2) A set of related attributes that can be combined in a view or a situation.
�attribute label: The name of the requirement attribute, such as risk, priority, or author.
�attribute list: A linked list that contains extended information that is used to make authorization decisions. Attribute lists consist of a set of name = value pairs.
�Attribute Matrix: A spreadsheet-like table view that displays requirements in rows and the attributes that describe them in columns. Values in attribute fields can be added or changed. See also view.
�attribute object: In a threaded program, any pthreads data structure that is used to specify initial states when you create certain resources such as threads, mutexes, and condition variables.
�attribute simulation: An MFS option that allows an application program to simulate display (video) attributes such as high intensity on printer devices.
�attribute type: (1) In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) X/Open Directory Service (XDS), the component of an attribute that indicates the type of information given by that attribute. Because it is an object identifier, it is unique among other attribute types.; (2) In Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) X/Open Object Management (XOM), any of various categories into which the client dynamically groups values on the basis of their semantics. It is an integer unique only within the package.; (3) A set of descriptive and operational information associated with a requirement attribute when the attribute is created. See also entry-type attribute, list-type attribute.
�attribute value: (1) In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a particular instance of the type of information indicated by an attribute type.; (2) The property of a defining attribute such as a specific color (blue or yellow) or size (medium). See also defining attribute.; (3) Information assigned to a requirement attribute. Attribute values can be text or numbers. For example, the attribute priority can be assigned the values Low, Medium, and High. See also entry-type attribute, list-type attribute.
�attribute value template (AVT): An XSLT class where the attribute value can contain expressions contained in curly braces ({}) and those are substituted by they computed value.
�auction: A method of sale involving negotiating and dynamically establishing the price and other terms of sale for goods and services, typically to the highest bidder.
�audience: In a Sametime "streaming" (broadcast) meeting, spectators who can watch the screen or listen, but not participate. The screen may display video, data, and/or chat. Audio may be IP-based or a telephone conference call. See also spectator.
�audio: (1) Pertaining to the portion of recorded information that can be heard.; (2) The sound portion of a video signal.
�audio name: The audible name that corresponds to a specific application profile ID and mailbox.
�audio part: In VisualAge RPG, a nonvisible part that allows the application to play audio sounds, such as music and speech.
�Audio/Video Interleave (AVI): A RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format) file specification that permits audio and video data to be interleaved in a file. The separate tracks can be accessed in alternate chunks for playback or recording while maintaining sequential access on the file device.
�Audio-Video Subsystem (AVS): File format for files that can contain video and audio data, video-only data, audio-only data, or image data (a single still image). The Audio-Video Subsystem format is supported by the ActionMedia II MMPM/2 Media Control interface.
�audit: (1) To review and examine the activities of a data processing system mainly to test the adequacy and effectiveness of procedures for data security and data accuracy.; (2) To check for logical inconsistencies between server information and the actual condition of the system. Tivoli Storage Manager can audit volumes, the database, libraries, and licenses. For example, when Tivoli Storage Manager audits a volume, it checks for inconsistencies between the information about backed-up or archived files stored in the database and the actual data associated with each backup version or archive copy in the storage pools.; (3) To record information about database or instance activity by applications or individuals.; (4) A process of inspection, correction, and verification that is used to check the economy, efficiency, effectiveness, and equity of an activity or process and to confirm that an activity is being carried out according to a common standard or in accordance with a recognized best practice.; (5) A DFSMShsm process that detects discrepancies in data set information contained in the volume tables of content (VTOCs), the computing system catalog, the migration control data set (MCDS), the backup control data set (BCDS), and the offline control data set (OCDS).
�audit event: A record of an action in the audit log/change history. For example, an audit entry is created when a resource is edited.
�audit facility: A utility that generates a trail of audit records for a series of predefined and monitored database events. See also audit policy.
�audit journal: A journal used by the system to keep a record of security-relevant events that occur. The system name is QAUDJRN.
�audit level: The types of user actions that are currently being audited for the entire system or for specific users on the system. Actions that can be audited include authority failures and restoring objects. A record of each action is written to the audit journal.
�audit log: (1) A log file containing a record of system events and responses.; (2) A log that maintains the history of all commands that modify metadata or configuration data and significant operations, including commands that would have made a change but failed to do so.
�audit log file: The location of audit records generated from the audit facility.
�audit mode: In privacy management, the level of enforcement that allows access to personally identifiable information (PII) regardless of the result of the conformance check and that records both successful and failed PII access attempts in the database. See also enforcement.
�audit policy: An instance of the audit configuration within a database. Users can define one or more audit policies in a database to define what information is recorded by the DB2 audit facility. See also audit facility.
�audit trail: A chronological record of events or transactions. An audit trail is used for examining or reconstructing a sequence of events or transactions, managing security, and recovering lost transactions.
�audit trail utility: A CICS-supplied utility program, DFHATUP, that enables you to print selected BTS audit records from a specified logstream.
�augment: To convert a profile to another kind of profile. For example, you can modify a server profile to become a bus profile.
�AUI: See attachment unit interface.
�AUIML: See Abstract User Interface Markup Language.
�aural: Relating to the ear or to the sense of hearing.
�authenticated user: A portal user who has logged in to the portal with a valid account (user ID and password). Authenticated users have access to all public places. See also anonymous user, registered user.
�authentication: (1) In computer security, a process that ensures that the identities of both the sender and the receiver of a network transaction are true.; (2) In computer security, verification of the identity of a user or process and the construction of a data structure that contains the privileges that were granted to the user or process.; (3) The process by which a system verifies a user's identity. User authentication is completed by a security facility outside the DB2 database system, often part of the operating system or a separate product.; (4) The security service that provides proof that a user of a computer system is genuinely who that person claims to be. Common mechanisms for implementing this service are passwords and digital signatures. Authentication is distinct from authorization; authentication is not concerned with granting or denying access to system resources.; (5) The process of validating the identity of a user or server.
�authentication algorithm: In a virtual private network (VPN), an algorithm that converts variable-length input data into fixed-length output data.
�authentication alias: An alias that authorizes access to resource adapters and data sources. An authentication aliash contains authentication data, including a user ID and password.
�authentication context: A data structure that contains information that relates to a single connection between two applications.
�authentication device: A biometric device used as a means of authentication. Examples of authentication devices include IBM SmartCard, Litronic Smart Card, and Biometric Access Corporation Fingerprint Reader.
�authentication entity: In the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), the network management agent responsible for verifying that an entity is a member of the community it claims to be in. This entity is also responsible for encoding and decoding SNMP messages according to the authentication algorithm of a given community.
�authentication failure: In the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), a trap that may be generated by an authentication entity when a requesting client is not a member of the SNMP community.
�Authentication Header (AH): In a virtual private network (VPN), a security protocol that provides data authentication.
�authentication level: See protection level.
�authentication method: In a virtual private network (VPN), a procedure that is used to verify the identity of the sender of a message.
�authentication protocol: A formal procedure for verifying a principal's network identity. Kerberos is an instance of an authentication protocol.
�authentication-proxy server: A server or component of a server that enables user or user group authentication for a portal.
�authentication server: A part of the key distribution center (KDC) that verifies the identity of a principal through a name and a password. If the identity is authenticated, the server issues a ticket-granting ticket.
�authentication type: One of a finite number of predefined methods for an instance or subsystem that is used to determine how and where a user is authenticated before being permitted access to the instance or subsystem or to any objects found in that instance or subsystem.
�authenticator: In the Kerberos protocol, a string of data that is generated by the client and sent with a ticket that is used by the server to certify the identity of the client.
�authenticator key: A set of alphanumeric characters used for the authentication of a message sent via the SWIFT network.
�authenticator-key file: The file that stores the keys used during the authentication of a message. The file contains a record for each of your financial institution's correspondents.
�author access: An access level that allows users to create and read documents and edit the ones they created and saved. Servers with Author access can replicate new documents and can usually delete documents marked for deletion. Access levels can be further refined using roles and access restrictions.
�authoring environment: The browser-based tools and work area for collaboratively configuring, modifying, and previewing a Web application prior to publishing it to a run-time environment.
�authoring server: An instance of a WebSphere Commerce staging server that has workspaces enabled. See also production server, staging server, workspace, commit, production-ready data, workspace task group approver, quick publish.
�authoring template: A template used for adding, editing, showing, or previewing content.
�authoring tool: A component of the Lotus Learning Management System that allows course developers to create online courses for use with the Lotus Management System and to import courses purchased from commercial vendors into the Lotus Management System.
�authoritative: In Domain Name System (DNS), pertaining to a server that has complete information about a particular domain.
�authority: The right to access objects, resources, or functions.
�authority check: See authorization check.
�authority checking: A function of the system that looks for and verifies a user's authority to an object.
�authority holder: An object that specifies and reserves an authority for a program-described database file before the file is created. When the file is created, the authority specified in the holder is linked to the file.
�authority level: A user's access and ability to perform high-level database management operations such as maintenance and utility operations. In addition, a user's authority level can implicitly include privileges on database objects. See also privilege, load authority, system authority, authorization, implicit privilege, database authority.
�authority lookup: In Performance Tools, the process whereby the Licensed Internal Code determines whether a particular user ID is authorized to access a specific object.
�authority mask register (AMR): A register used with POWER6 processors that defines the current authority to access pages of virtual memory according to their storage protection keys. See also storage protection key.
�authority nickname: In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, a nickname for the higher portion (a set of names that are higher in the hierarchy) of an application entity's distinguished name. The authority nickname refers to that portion of the application entity's distinguished name above the application process common name. The authority nickname can be shared by many application entities.
�authorization: (1) In computer security, the right granted to a user to communicate with or make use of a computer system.; (2) The process of granting a user, system, or process either complete or restricted access to an object, resource, or function.; (3) The process by which data in the database catalog is used to obtain information about an authenticated user, such as which database operations the user can perform and which data objects the user can access. See also privilege, authority level, database authority.; (4) The process of granting or denying access to a network resource. Security systems use a two-step process: after authentication has verified that a user is who she says she is, authorization allows the user access to various resources based on the user's identity.; (5) The method that determines which portlets a user or a user group can access.; (6) The process of obtaining permission to perform specific actions.
�authorization check: A security check that is performed when a user or application attempts to access a system resource; for example, when an administrator attempts to issue a command to administer WebSphere MQ or when an application attempts to connect to a queue manager.
�authorization checking: The action of determining whether a user is permitted access to a protected resource. RACF performs authorization checking as a result of a RACHECK or FRACHECK request See also FRACHECK request, RACHECK request.
�authorization file: In WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems, a file that provides security definitions for an object, a class of objects, or all classes of objects.
�authorization ID: See authorization identifier.
�authorization identifier (authorization ID): A character string that designates a set of privileges and can be used to verify authority. An authorization ID can represent an object, an individual user, an organizational group, a function, or a database role.
�authorization list: A list of two or more user IDs and their authorities for system resources. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *AUTL.
�authorization list management authority: An object authority that allows the user to add users to, remove users from, and change users' authorities on the authorization list.
�authorization owner: A group of users who can define access control information (ACI) within the context of the organizational unit to which they belong.
�authorization policy: A policy whose policy target is a business service and whose contract contains one or more assertions that grant permission to run a channel action.
�authorization protocol: In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a formal procedure for establishing the authorization of principals with respect to protected objects. Among the authorization protocols supported by DCE security services are DCE authorization and name-based authorization.
�authorization record: A database record used to store the information that corresponds to an authorization.
�authorization role: A role assigned to administrators that enables them to perform their assigned systems management tasks. A role can be granted over the entire Tivoli management region or over a specific set of resources, such as those resources that are contained in a policy region. Examples of authorization roles include super, senior, admin, and user.
�authorization service: In WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems and WebSphere MQ for Windows, a service that provides authority checking of commands and MQI calls for the user identifier associated with the command or call.
�authorization service plug-in: A dynamically loadable library (DLL or shared library) that can be loaded at initialization time in order to perform operations that extend a service interface within the authorization API.
�authorization table: A table that contains the role to user or group mapping information that identifies the permitted access of a client to a particular resource.
�authorization token: A token associated with a transaction.
�authorize: To allow a user to communicate with or make use of an object, resource, or function.
�authorized function control block (AFCB): Control block used to contain control information for various functions that require special authorization, and the addresses of the common system area (CSA) and the application interface block. The AFCB is used as an address vector for the CICS type 3 SVC, or for the authorization of use of the SVC.
�authorized operator: An operator who is authorized to receive undeliverable messages and lost terminal messages. See also authorized receiver.
�authorized program analysis report (APAR): A request for correction of a defect in a current release of an IBM-supplied program.
�authorized program facility (APF): In a z/OS environment, a facility that permits the identification of programs that are authorized to use restricted functions.
�authorized receiver: An authorized operator who receives the unsolicited and authorized-receiver messages that are not assigned to a specific operator. See also authorized operator.
�auto-answer: See automatic answering.
�auto-attendant: Automated attendant. A voice application that answers incoming calls and asks callers which number or other service they would like.
�auto-call: See automatic calling.
�autochanger: A small, multislot tape device that automatically puts tape cartridges into tape drives.
�autocommit: To automatically commit the current unit of work after each SQL statement.
�autodiscovery: (1) A type of discovery where a program automatically detects the resources that were not previously known.; (2) The discovery of service artifacts in a file system, external registry, or another source.
�auto-enrollment profile: A descriptive label an administrator creates and assigns to users or groups to enroll groups of users in courses.
�AUTOEXEC.BAT: The batch file that contains DOS commands or program names that are automatically run on a personal computer immediately after DOS is loaded.
�autoinstall: A method of creating and installing resources dynamically as terminals log on, and deleting them at logoff. Autoinstall can be used for VTAM terminals, MVS consoles, APPC connections, programs, map sets, partitionsets and journals.
�autoinstall control program: A user-replaceable CICS program used to select some of the data needed to automatically install terminals, notably the CICS terminal identifier (TERMID) and the model name to be used in each instance.
�autoinstall model table: CICS control table that contains model terminal definitions to be used during autoinstall.
�autoinstall terminal model (AITM): A model terminal definition used by CICS during autoinstall of terminals. Definitions can be user-created or supplied by CICS, and are held in the autoinstall model table (AMT). The acronym AITM is sometimes loosely used to refer to the CICS routines that manage operations involving the autoinstall model table (AMT).
�autolink: An automatic library look-up function of the linkage editor. The function (1) resolves any external reference that is included in the currently processed module and (2) searches the active search chain for an object module of the same name as the encountered external reference.
�Auto-Logical Drive Transfer: See auto volume transfer/auto disk transfer.
�autologon: See automatic logon.
�automated console operation (ACO): The use of an automated procedure to replace or simplify the action that an operator takes from a console in response to system or network events.
�automated mode: The mode of operation of an Automated Tape Library Dataserver (ATLDS) in which host requests for mounts and unmounts are performed with no operator action.
�Automated Operator (AO): An application program that can issue a subset of IMS operator commands and receive status information on the execution of the commands.
�Automated Operator Interface (AOI): An IMS interface that allows installations to monitor and control IMS activities. The interface enables an application program, by using DL/I calls, to issue a subset of IMS operator commands and receive command responses; a user exit routine to monitor activities and take appropriate action; and operator commands, responses, and asynchronous output that is destined for the IMS master terminal to be logged to the secondary master terminal.
�automated response: A predefined response to particular events that is executed by a Tivoli application. For example, if the Tivoli Enterprise Console product detects that a process stopped early, it can automatically restart the process without intervention by an administrator.
�automated tape library (ATL): A tape library that performs its functions under direct software or application control.
�Automated Tape Library Dataserver: A device consisting of robotic components, cartridge storage areas, tape subsystems, and controlling hardware and software, along with the set of tape volumes that reside in the library and can be mounted on the library tape drives. See also tape library, manual tape library.
�automated task: A task in a task library that is automatically executed when specific criteria are met, such as when a specific alarm level is triggered.
�automatic answer: In data communications, a line type that does not require operator action to receive a call over a switched line. See also manual answer.
�automatic answering (auto-answer): A machine feature that permits a station to respond without operator action to a call it receives over a switched line. See also automatic calling.
�automatic application installation project: A monitored directory to which the addition of a fully composed EAR, WAR, EJB JAR, or stand-alone RAR file triggers automatic deployment and publication to a target server. Deletion of an EAR or Java EE module file from this directory triggers automatic uninstalling. See also monitored directory.
�automatic backup: (1) In DFSMShsm, the process of automatically copying data sets from primary storage volumes or migration volumes to backup volumes.; (2) In the object access method (OAM), the process of automatically copying a primary copy of an object from a direct access storage device (DASD), optical, or tape volume to a backup volume contained in an object backup-storage group.
�automatic bind: A process by which SQL statements are bound automatically (without a user issuing a BIND command) when an application process begins execution and the bound application plan or package it requires is not valid. See also dynamic bind, incremental bind, static bind.
�automatic binding method: In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a method of managing the binding for a Remote Procedure Call. It completely hides binding management from client application code. If the client makes a series of remote procedure calls, the stub passes the same binding handle with each call.
�automatic call: The process used by the linkage editor to resolve external symbols left undefined after all the primary input has been processed. See also automatic call library.
�automatic call distribution (ACD): In telephony, a service that allows incoming telephone calls directed to the same dialed number to be routed to one of multiple agents, all of whom can provide the same service to the calling party and all of whom are assigned to the same ACD group.
�automatic call distributor (ACD): A telephone system feature that automatically queues and processes inbound calls according to predefined criteria. For example, a call might be routed to the agent whose line has been idle longest.
�automatic calling (auto-call): A feature that permits a station to initiate a connection with another station over a switched line without operator action. See also manual call, automatic answering.
�automatic calling unit (ACU): A dialing device that permits a computer to automatically dial calls over a network.
�automatic call library: A group of modules that are used as secondary input to the binder to resolve external symbols left undefined after all the primary input has been processed. The automatic call library can contain: object modules, with or without binder control statements; load modules; and runtime routines. See also automatic call.
�automatic cartridge loader: A feature with which tape cartridges that have been placed into a loading rack can be automatically loaded. Manual loading of single tape cartridges is also possible.
�automatic class selection (ACS): A mechanism for assigning storage management subsystem (SMS) classes and storage groups to data sets. The storage administrator is responsible for establishing ACS routines appropriate for an installation's storage requirements.
�automatic class selection routine (ACS routine): A procedural set of automatic class selection (ACS) language statements. Based on a set of input variables, the ACS routine generates, for a data set, the name of a predefined storage management subsystem (SMS) class or a list of names of predefined storage groups.
�automatic cleanup: The system process of automatically deleting items, such as old job logs, history log messages, system journals, and system logs, from the system on a daily basis.
�automatic configuration: A function that names and creates the descriptions of network devices and controllers attached to a preexisting line. The objects are also varied on at a user's request.
�automatic conversion: In Enhanced ASCII, the conversion of text data from EBCDIC to ASCII and from ASCII to EBCDIC. This capability makes it easier to port international applications developed on, or for, ASCII systems to z/OS systems. See also file tag, program CCSID.
�automatic data: Data that is stored in automatic storage. See also static data.
�automatic data set protection (ADSP): In z/OS, a user attribute that causes all permanent data sets created by the user to be automatically defined to RACF with a discrete RACF profile.
�automatic dial: A function of the system that allows a system to automatically dial a remote station over a switched line without the assistance of an operator.
�automatic dictionary creation (ADC): The process of automatically creating a compression dictionary based on conditions associated with data in a table or table space partition. See also compression dictionary.
�automatic dump: In DFSMShsm, the process of using DFSMSdss to automatically perform a full-volume dump of all allocated space on a primary storage volume to designated tape volumes.
�automatic duplication: An option of the data file utility (DFU) function of the Application Development ToolSet feature that allows information from a previous record to be automatically copied into the current record.
�automatic duplication indicator: In DFU, a field on the DFU Entry display that tells if the automatic duplication function is on or off.
�automatic function: Work done by the computer that a user does not explicitly have to request.
�automatic hyphenation: An option available when creating a document that automatically hyphenates words at the end of a line when the lines are adjusted.
�automatic initiate descriptor (AID): A control block used internally by CICS for scheduling purposes. An example of AID use is scheduling a transaction, optionally associating it with a terminal and a temporary storage queue. Another use is scheduling MRO, LU6.1, and LU6.2 ALLOCATE requests.
�automatic initiation descriptor (AID): In CICS, an interval control element (ICE) that has expired. If all of its required resources are available, it becomes an enabled AID. If it is waiting for a resource to become free, it becomes a suspended AID.
�automatic interval migration: Migration that occurs periodically when a threshold level of occupancy is reached or exceeded on a DFSMShsm-managed volume during a specified time interval. Data sets are moved from the volume, in descending order of the largest eligible data sets, until the low threshold of occupancy is reached.
�automatic journal archiving: A function that automatically creates and submits an archive job for a journal that is ready for archiving.
�automatic key generation: An option of the data file utility (DFU) function of the Application Development ToolSet feature that allows DFU to assign record keys to the records of a file.
�automatic library call: The process by which the binder resolves external references by including additional members from the automatic call library.
�automatic Licensed Internal Code completion: A function of the system that automatically attempts to complete interrupted machine instructions following an abnormal end of the system processing.
�automatic load: In Q replication, a load process in which the Q Apply program loads data into a target table. The user can specify a load utility or let the Q Apply program choose the best available utility. See also manual load.
�automatic logoff: The process that a server uses to disconnect a connection when no data has been transmitted for a given period of time.
�automatic logon (autologon): (1) A process by which VTAM automatically creates a session-initiation request to establish a session between two logical units (LUs). The session is between a designated primary logical unit (PLU) and a secondary logical unit (SLU) that is neither queued for nor in session with another PLU.; (2) In VM, a process by which a virtual machine is initiated by other than the user of that virtual machine; for example, the primary VM operator's virtual machine is activated automatically during VM initialization.; (3) The option of IMS to automatically create a VTAM session for a non-signed-on user to whom output has been made available.
�automatic maintenance: A process by which a DB2 database system uses user-defined objectives to identify and run required maintenance activities during the next available maintenance window. See also maintenance window.
�automatic matching: Automatically determining whether each incoming payment corresponds to a received advice and, if so, causing the matched advice to be disregarded when calculating expected end-of-day positions.
�automatic memory reclamation: See garbage collection.
�automatic microphone mode (automatic mike): In Sametime, the mode that allows more than one person to talk at the same time.
�automatic mike: See automatic microphone mode.
�automatic mode: An operating mode in which all deployment requests are automatically generated and approved. This operating mode is for applications or clusters that do not require human review and approval of deployment recommendations.
�automatic network routing (ANR): In High-Performance Routing (HPR), a highly efficient routing protocol that minimizes cycles and storage requirements for routing network layer packets through intermediate nodes on the route.
�automatic number identification (ANI): In telephony, a service available in the United States that is provided by enhanced switch networks and that passes the calling party's telephone number through the network to the called party's telephone number.
�automatic primary-space management: In DFSMShsm, the process of automatically deleting expired data sets, deleting temporary data sets, releasing unused space, and migrating data sets from primary storage volumes.
�automatic query rewrite: A process that examines an SQL statement that refers to one or more base tables, and, if appropriate, rewrites the statement so that the query performs better.
�automatic ranging: In Business Graphics Utility, the use of system-supplied values to determine the intervals on a chart so that the maximum and minimum data values can be represented on the work station or plotter.
�automatic rebind: (1) In DB2 for z/OS and DB2 for i5/OS, a process by which SQL statements are bound automatically (without a user issuing a command) when an application process begins execution and the bound application plan or package that it requires is not valid. See also rebind.; (2) See implicit rebind.
�automatic reconfiguration facility (ARF): In a multisystem sysplex on PR/SM, the XCF component that provides automatic reconfiguration when one ESA system in the sysplex fails. ARF provides high availability for multisystem applications in the sysplex. ARF is also known as XCF PR/SM policy.
�automatic recording: In DFSMSrmm, the process of recording information about a volume and the data sets on the volume in the DFSMSrmm control data set (CDS) at open or close time.
�automatic report: A function of the RPG licensed program that uses simplified specifications and standard RPG/400 specifications to create a complete RPG/400 source program.
�automatic report program: A set of instructions (program) that use the RPG automatic report function.
�automatic restart: A restart that takes place during the current run, that is, without resubmitting the job. An automatic restart can occur within a job step or at the beginning of a job step. See also checkpoint restart, deferred restart.
�automatic restart management: The facilities that detect failures and manage server restarts.
�automatic restart manager (ARM): A z/OS recovery function that can automatically restart batch jobs and started tasks after they or the system on which they are running end unexpectedly.
�automatic screen update (ASU): A CICSPlex SM facility that automatically updates the data in all unlocked windows at user-defined intervals.
�automatic screen update interval: The time interval between one automatic screen update and the next. The interval can be set in the CICSPlex SM user profile or when the ASU facility is turned on.
�automatic secondary-space management: In DFSMShsm, the process of automatically deleting migrated data sets that have expired, deleting expired records from the migration control data sets, and migrating eligible data sets from migration-level-1 volumes to migration-level-2 volumes.
�automatic space management: In DFSMShsm, the process that includes automatic volume-space management, automatic secondary-space management, and automatic recall.
�automatic storage: (1) An area that is allocated by the system when a program or procedure is called. Within automatic storage, data is defined each time the program or procedure is called. See also static storage.; (2) Storage that is allocated on entry to a routine or block and is freed when control is returned. See also dynamic storage.
�automatic storage reclamation: See garbage collection.
�automatic synchronization: In round-trip engineering between model information and code, a process that maintains an exact match between a model element's properties and its equivalent source code declarations.
�automatic transaction initiation (ATI): The initiation of a CICS transaction by an internally generated request, for example, the issue of an EXEC CICS START command or the reaching of a transient data trigger level. CICS resource definition can associate a trigger level and a transaction with a transient data destination. When the number of records written to the destination reaches the trigger level, the specified transaction is automatically initiated. See also trigger level.
�automatic transition: A transition that occurs on completion of the activity within the originating state.
�automatic variable: A variable allocated on entry to a routine and deallocated on the return.
�automatic vary on: An option specified during the creation of configuration objects that allows them to be available when the system is started (IPL).
�automatic volume recognition (AVR): A feature that allows the operator to mount labeled volumes on available I/O devices before the volumes are needed by a job step.
�automatic volume-space management: In DFSMShsm, the process that includes automatic primary-space management and interval migration.
�automation package: A collection of commands, shell scripts, workflows, logical device operations, and Java plug-ins that applies to the operation of a specific type of software component or a physical device.
�Automotive Multimedia Interface-Collaboration (AMI-C): A worldwide organization of automobile manufacturers that is involved in the standardization of automotive multimedia interfaces to motor vehicle communication networks.
�automount rule: A generic or specific entry in an automount map file.
�autonegotiation: A universal mechanism to exchange network capabilities between two Ethernet nodes. The exchange takes place at power-up (or link reset) time. It automatically establishes a link that takes advantage of the highest common denominator of the mutual capabilities of the two Ethernet nodes. The universal mechanism negotiates capabilities that include link speed, PHY types, and full duplex or half duplex.
�autonomic: Pertaining to an on-demand operating environment that responds automatically to problems, security threats, and system failures. See also on demand operating environment.
�autonomic computing: A computing environment with the ability to manage itself and dynamically adapt to change in accordance with business policies and objectives. By sensing and responding to situations that occur, autonomic computing shifts the burden of managing a computing environment from people to technology. An autonomic computing environment is self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting. See also self-configure, Generic Log Adapter.
�autonomic computing adapter (AC adapter): The adapter that transforms complex incoming messages (from log files or data streams) into standard output formats (such as the Common Base Event), based on parsing rules, and forwards the normalized data to a data consumer.
�autonomic computing adoption model (AC adoption model): A standard for implementing autonomic computing in a staged progression into IT environments. This progression is based on increasing the scope of autonomic control of elements and on increasing the autonomic functionality within the IT environment. See also autonomic computing maturity index.
�autonomic computing distributed infrastructure (AC distributed infrastructure): The set of autonomic managers and managed resources that form the basis of an autonomic computing system. The AC distributed infrastructure collects and personalizes metrics for autonomic managers, forwards notifications to the interested autonomic managers, routes operations to the managed resources, and routes calls from the managed resources to the appropriate autonomic managers. See also managed resource, autonomic control loop.
�autonomic computing maturity index (AC maturity index): A graduated scale that expresses the level of maturity of autonomic computing, where level 1 is basic (completely manual), level 2 is managed, level 3 is predictive, level 4 is adaptive, and level 5 is completely autonomic. See also autonomic computing adoption model.
�Autonomic Computing Policy Language: The XML specification for defining the four components of a policy expression: the scope, condition, decision, and business value. See also Simplified Policy Language.
�autonomic computing system: A computing system that senses its operating environment, models the behavior of the environment, and takes action to change the environment or its behavior. An autonomic computing system has the properties of self-configuration, self-healing, self-optimization, and self-protection.
�Autonomic Computing Toolkit: The collection of core technologies that enable products to develop solutions that are compliant with the architectural standards of the IBM Autonomic Computing Initiative. The Autonomic Computing Toolkit also contains standard interfaces for developing autonomic managers and managed resources as well as scenarios and documentation expaining how to enable these entities to work together to solve customer problems in an autonomic computing system.
�autonomic control loop: See autonomic manager.
�autonomic element: See autonomic manager.
�Autonomic Management Engine (AME): An example implementation of an autonomic manager that provides event monitoring, filtering, and aggregation capabilities. It can also perform aalysis and execute scripts to make changes to the system state.
�autonomic manager: A set of software or hardware components, configured by policies, which manage the behavior of other software or hardware components as a human might manage them. An autonomic manager includes a control loop that consists of monitor, analyze, plan, and execute components. See also decision point, analyze component, execute component, manageability interface, monitor component, plan component, autonomic computing distributed infrastructure.
�autonomic manager multiplexer: The component of the autonomic computing (AC) distributed infrastructure that enables a managed resource to be managed by more than one autonomic manager.
�Autonomic Monitoring: A core capability of the IBM Autonomic Computing Initiative that addresses the need to easily determine the root cause of a problem such that the appropriate corrective action can be taken. See also resource model engine.
�autonomous system (AS): In TCP/IP, a group of networks and routers under one administrative authority. These networks and routers cooperate closely to propagate network reachability (and routing) information among themselves using an interior gateway protocol of their choice. See also area.
�autonomous workflow: A workflow that is functional without any additional application software, with the exception of database management systems and message queuing middleware. See also embedded workflow.
�AutoPack: A tool used to create a software package.
�AutoPack Control Center: In Tivoli Software Distribution, a tool that enables a Tivoli administrator to create an AutoPack file. The AutoPack Control Center produces the AutoPack file by (a) taking snapshots of the drive and system configuration before and after the installation of an application on a PC and (b) capturing the differences between these snapshots in the AutoPack file.
�AutoPack file: An installable image that is used to distribute applications to multiple endpoints.
�AutoPack profile: In Tivoli Software Distribution, a profile that refers to an AutoPack file.
�AutoPack Wizard: A software distribution tool that enables an administrator to create software package blocks by (a) taking snapshots of the drive and system configuration before and after the installation of an application and (b) capturing the differences between these snapshots in the software package block.
�autoranging: A power supply that accommodates different input voltages and line frequencies.
�auto-resize: Pertaining to a characteristic of database-managed space (DMS) table spaces and regular and large automatic storage table spaces. The table space expands automatically by extending or acquiring containers, as needed, to increase the table space size until the file systems are full or a user-specified limit is reached.
�autostart: (1) Pertaining to a system activity that starts automatically, usually based on the start or end of some other activity.; (2) An OSI Communications Subsystem function that starts an X.25 line automatically when the line set that it belongs to is started.
�autostart job: A batch job doing repetitive work or one-time initialization work that is associated with a particular subsystem. The autostart jobs associated with a subsystem are automatically started each time the subsystem is started.
�auto storage class specifier: A specifier that enables the programmer to define a variable with automatic storage; its scope is restricted to the current block.
�autostubbing: A state table icon view utility that automatically converts lines into stubs when they cross a specified number of columns.
�autotask: An unattended operator station task that does not require a terminal or a logged-on user. Autotasks can run independently of VTAM and are typically used for automated console operations. See also logged-on operator.
�auto volume transfer/auto disk transfer (AVT/ADT): A function that provides automatic failover in case of controller failure on a storage subsystem.
�auxiliary data set: In AFP printing, a data set that contains job header, data set header, job trailer, or message data. See also print data set.
�auxiliary index: An index on an auxiliary table in which each index entry refers to a LOB or XML document.
�auxiliary resource: Fonts, page segments, overlays, page definitions, or form definitions associated with auxiliary data sets.
�auxiliary schedule: A type of business schedule that is associated with one or more other schedules and that specifies multiple dates for exceptions to regular business schedules that do not occur on regular intervals. For example, company holidays or irregular maintenance times that apply to all service offerings in an enterprise can be specified once in a auxiliary schedule and then applied to schedules across multiple service offerings.
�auxiliary storage: All addressable storage other than main storage. See also memory.
�auxiliary storage pool (ASP): (1) One or more storage units that are defined from the storage devices or storage device subsystems that make up auxiliary storage. An ASP provides a way of organizing data to limit the impact of storage-device failures and to reduce recovery time. See also main storage pool.; (2) A group of disk units defined from the auxiliary storage devices. See also system ASP, user ASP.
�auxiliary storage - TS queue: In CICS, a temporary storage queue that is in a physical file managed by CICS. Auxiliary storage should be used to store large amounts of data, or data needed for a long period of time. See also main storage - TS queue.
�auxiliary table: A table that stores columns outside the table in which they are defined. See also base table.
�auxiliary task: A subtask under the JES3 primary task.
�auxiliary task control block (ATCB): A control block that JES3 uses to manage work done under the auxiliary task.
�auxiliary task-dispatching element (ATDE): A control block used to determine whether to dispatch a function control table (FCT) under the JES3 auxiliary task.
�auxiliary trace: An optional CICS function that causes trace entries to be recorded in the auxiliary trace data set, a sequential data set on disk or tape.
�auxiliary trace data set: A sequentially organized data set on disk or tape, used to record all trace entries generated while the auxiliary trace function is active. Either one or two auxiliary trace data sets can be defined; the latter allows the data sets to be switched when the one currently being used is full. The trace utility program (DFHTUP) can be used to print records from auxiliary trace data sets.
�auxiliary virtual disk: The virtual disk (VDisk) that contains a backup copy of the data and that is used in disaster recovery scenarios. See also relationship, master virtual disk.
�availability: (1) The condition allowing users to access and use their applications and data.; (2) The time periods during which a resource is accessible. For example, a contractor might have an availability of 9 AM to 5 PM every weekday, and 9 AM to 3 PM on Saturdays.; (3) The delivery of reliable service during scheduled periods; (4) The total amount of time that a resource can devote to new assignments.
�availability management: (1) A service management process that helps to define customer requirements for information technology service availability, the capabilities of the IT infrastructure to deliver those levels of availability, and the actions that are needed to improved availability.; (2) In DFSMShsm, the process of ensuring that a current version (backup copy) of the installation's data sets resides on tape or a direct access storage device (DASD).
�availability manager (AVM): (1) The component of z/OS that performs XRF processing. Specifically, the availability manager performs I/O prevention during takeover.; (2) In XRF, the programs that handle communication between active and alternate IMS, DL/I, or SQL/DS XRF systems. See also CICS availability manager.
�available: Pertaining to a logical unit or device that is active, connected, enabled, and not at its session limit.
�available to promise inventory (ATP inventory): The inventory that is available in stock (on hand) plus the inventory that is on order, not including inventory that is currently being processed, reserved or allocated to backorders.
�average throughput rate: The power of a system to process a representative work load. The power of the system is measured in units of data processing work; for example, jobs or transactions successfully completed per hour, minute, or second.
�AVI: See Audio/Video Interleave.
�AVM: See availability manager.
�AVR: See automatic volume recognition.
�AVS: See Audio-Video Subsystem.
�AVT: See attribute value template.
�AVT/ADT: See auto volume transfer/auto disk transfer.
�awareness component: A part of the Sametime user interface that allows users to be aware of the online presence, or lack of online presence, of other people. An awareness component may be in its own window or frame, or inline with text or graphics; it may be just a sound that is audible when the user does a mouseover. Currently, there are three awareness components in Sametime: Who is Online, Who is Here, and active names. See also active name, Who Is Here, Who Is Online.
�awk: A file processing language that is well suited to data manipulation and retrieval of information from text files.
�AWT: See Abstract Window Toolkit.
�AW_TOV: See arbitration wait timeout value.
�axis: (1) In Business Graphics Utility and the GDDM function, one of the intersecting horizontal or vertical scales where data values are plotted on a chart.; (2) The direction of movement through an instance of the XQuery and XPath data model. The six supported axes are child, parent, self, attribute, descendant, and descendant-or-self.
�Axis: An implementation of SOAP on which Java Web services can be implemented.
�axis grid line: In Business Graphics Utility and the GDDM function, a straight line extending perpendicular to either axis at each major tick.
�axis label: In Business Graphics Utility, the name of a major tick on a vertical or horizontal axis.
�axis range: In Business Graphics Utility, the upper and lower limits of the vertical or horizontal lines.
�axis title: In the GDDM function, a text string describing what an axis represents.
�AXM: The "authorized cross-memory" server environment. A series of modules providing run-time services for CICS-related cross-memory servers which run in MVS authorized state (unlike CICS itself, which runs unauthorized once initialization has completed) such as the temporary storage data sharing server.

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�B: See byte.
�b: See binary digit.
�B2B: See business-to-business.
�B2B direct business model: A business model that supports commerce transactions involving products, services, or information between two businesses or parties. Typical B2B direct transactions occur between buyers, suppliers, manufacturers, resellers, distributors, and trading partners. See also direct sales business model, consumer direct.
�B2C: See business-to-consumer.
�B2E: See business-to-employee.
�B8ZS: See bi-polar with 8-zero substitution.
�BA: See basic authentication.
�backbone: A set of nodes and their interconnecting links that form a central, high-speed network interconnecting other, typically lower-speed, networks or client nodes.
�backbone LAN segment: In a multiple segment configuration of a LAN, a centrally located LAN segment to which other LAN segments are connected by means of bridges.
�backbone network: A central network to which smaller networks, normally of lower speed, connect. The backbone network usually has a much higher capacity than the networks it helps interconnect or is a wide-area network (WAN) such as a public packet-switched datagram network.
�back-end program: In the AIX operating system, the program that sends output to a particular device.
�back-end service time: The time it takes for a Web server to receive a requested transaction, process it, and respond to it.
�back-end system: (1) An IMS in a multisystem environment that accepts transactions from the front-end system, calls application programs for transaction processing, and routes replies back to the front-end system for response to the terminal. A back-end system may also perform front-end processing. A back-end system can be another IMS connected by an MSC link or can be part of the same IMSplex as the front-end system. See also front-end system.; (2) The CICS or IMS system in which existing applications run. Equivalent to partner system. See also front-end system.
�back-end transaction: In synchronous transaction-to-transaction communication, a transaction that is started by a front-end transaction. See also front-end transaction.
�background: The conditions under which low-priority, noninteractive programs are run. See also foreground.
�background color: In the GDDM function, the first color of the display medium; for example, black on a display or white on a printer. See also neutral color.
�background connection: Any connection defined in a HATS application other than the default connection. HATS does not transform screens from background connections. See also default connection, connection.
�background job: A low-priority job, usually a batched or non-interactive job.
�background music: Any audio data that is played on a music channel.
�background partition: An area of virtual storage in which programs are executed under control of the system. By default, the partition has a processing priority lower than any of the existing foreground partitions.
�background plane: The Tivoli NetView submap layer that provides the background for the application plane. The background plane can display a picture that provides context for viewing the icons of the application plane. See also application plane, user plane.
�background process: (1) A process that does not require operator intervention but can be run by the computer while the workstation is used to do other work. See also foreground process.; (2) In the AIX operating system, a mode of program execution in which the shell does not wait for program completion before prompting the user for another command.
�background processing: A mode of program execution in which the shell does not wait for program completion before prompting the user for another command.
�background task: A task that is running even though the user is not currently interacting with it.
�backhitch: The double reversal of direction in a tape resulting from a tape unavoidably moving past the desired stopping point. The tape controller moves the tape in the reverse direction to prepare it for acceleration to normal reading or writing speed in the original direction.
�back-level
�back-office business logic: The implementation of business logic, using commands and customized code, allowing a customer to complete an action in the store front. See also storefront asset.
�backorder: The status of an ordered product when inventory allocation has determined that the product is not available.
�back out: To remove changes from a physical file member in the inverse order from which the changes were originally made.
�backout: (1) The process of undoing uncommitted changes that an application process has made. A backout might be necessary in the event of a failure on the part of an application process or as a result of a deadlock situation. See also roll back, backout free interval.; (2) An operation that reverses all changes to resources made during the current unit of work. See also commit, recoverable data set, nonrecoverable data set.; (3) See rollback.; (4) See rollback.; (5) The process of removing all the database updates performed by an application program that has terminated abnormally. See also dynamic backout.
�backout free interval: A set of log records that is not compensated if a transaction ends abnormally. See also backout.
�backout recovery: (1) The process of returning a file to a particular point by removing journaled changes to the file.; (2) The process of removing changes that are possibly inconsistent. For example, backout recovery will delete an update that has been requested if the program fails before requesting a related update. Backout recovery requires a log to hold images of records before they were updated. See also forward recovery.
�backplane: A hardware part that has (in one or more planes) logic paths, low-voltage distribution paths, and grounding paths of a section of a machine.
�backslash: The character \. The backslash enables a user to escape the special meaning of a character. That is, typing a backslash before a character tells the system to ignore any special meaning the character might have.
�back-to-back gateways: Two gateways separated by one intervening network that contains no gateway system services control point (SSCP) function involved with either of the two gateway NCPs.
�back up: (1) To save information or objects on a system, usually to tape or diskette, for safekeeping.; (2) To copy information to another location to ensure against loss of data. See also restore.; (3) To create a copy of computer data that can be used to restore data that has been lost, mislaid, corrupted or erased.
�backup: (1) Pertaining to a system, device, file, or facility that can be used in the event of a malfunction or loss of data.; (2) A tape, diskette, or save file containing saved objects.; (3) A copy of a data set or object to be used in case of accidental loss.; (4) The process of copying a file, directory, file system, or other data onto a tape, disk, or other media as insurance against data loss or corruption.; (5) A copy of a database or table space that can be stored on a different medium and used to restore the database or table space in the event of failure or damage to the original.; (6) The process of making a copy of a data file that can be used if the original file is destroyed.
�backup console: A console that, in the event of a failure, can be used as the system console that manages the i5/OS operating system. See also twinaxial console, alternate console, system console.
�backup control data set (BCDS): One of the control data sets (CDSs) in DFSMShsm. The BCDS is a Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) key-sequenced data set (KSDS) that contains information about backup versions of data sets, backup volumes, dump volumes, and volumes under control of the backup and dump functions of DFSMShsm. See also control data set.
�backup control group: In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, a group of libraries, system keywords, and lists that share common backup characteristics. The default values for a backup control group are defined in the backup policy and can be used or overridden by each backup control group.
�backup copy: A file that was backed up to a storage pool.
�backup Copy Services server: One of two Copy Services servers in a Copy Services domain. The other Copy Services server is the primary Copy Services server. The backup Copy Services server is available to become the active Copy Services server if the primary Copy Services server fails. See also Copy Services client, Copy Services domain, Copy Services server, primary Copy Services server.
�backup cycle: The frequency with which backups are performed.
�backup data set: A copy that can be used to replace or reconstruct a damaged data set.
�backup designated router: In a multiaccess OSPF network that has at least two attached routers, a router that needs to establish adjacencies with all the routers in the network (including the designated router) and is promoted to the designated router when the current designated router fails. A backup designated router is elected by other routers using the Hello Protocol. See also designated router.
�backup focal point: A focal point that provides management services support for a particular category for a node in the event of a communications failure with the primary focal point. Both assigned focal points (explicit and implicit) and default focal points can have backup counterparts. See also primary focal point.
�backup frequency: In DFSMShsm, the number of days that must elapse since the last backup version of a data set was made until a changed data set is again eligible for backup.
�backup history: In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, a report of what has been backed up with a BRMS backup policy. A backup history contains information about each item such as what type of object it is, the date and time it was saved, and when the saved item expires. Synonymous with media information report.
�backup list: (1) In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, a group of objects or folders that are grouped together for processing in a backup control group. Each list is assigned a unique list name.; (2) In the Operational Assistant function, a list of libraries or folders to be saved on a regular basis, such as daily or weekly.
�backup node: A cluster node on which there is a secondary copy of a cluster resource. The copy is kept current through replication.
�backup NSD server: A node designated to perform Network Shared Disk (NSD) disk access functions in the event that the primary NSD server fails.
�backup pending: The state of a database or table space that prevents an operation from being performed until the database or table space is backed up.
�backup policy: In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, a set of controls that are used to track information about the items that are being backed up, when they are being backed up, and where they are being backed up. Backup policy is a combination of the concepts of control group and media policy.
�backup profile: In DFSMShsm, a Resource Access Control Facility (RACF), discrete, data-set profile associated with the backup version of a cataloged data set that is protected by a RACF, discrete, data-set profile.
�Backup, Recovery, and Media Services (BRMS): An IBM licensed program that provides user-modifiable backup, archive, recovery, and media management functions and policies.
�backup session: The session that replaces the failing primary extended recovery facility (XRF) session between a terminal user and the active subsystem.
�backup set: A portable, consolidated group of active backup copies that can be generated for a backup-archive client.
�backup system: In System i Navigator, a system that replaces a central system when the central system requires maintenance or upgrades.
�backup version: A file that a user backed up to server storage. More than one backup version can exist in server storage, but only one backup version is the active version. See also active version, inactive version.
�backup volume: A volume managed by DFSMShsm to which backup versions of data sets are written.
�backup VTOC copy data set: In DFSMShsm, a copy of the volume table of contents (VTOC) of a volume that was backed up by DFSMShsm. The backup VTOC copy data set contains only part of the data-set VTOC entry for each data set from the original data set. This data set is written on a migration-level-1 volume.; �backup-while-open (BWO); A backup copy of a data set made while the data set is open for update. The backup copy can contain partial updates.
�Backus-Naur Form (BNF): A metalanguage that is used to describe the syntax of a given language and its notation. In speech recognition, a special adaptation of grammar representation specified by Speech Recognition Control Language (SRCL) (pronounced "circle").
�backward log recovery: The final phase of restart processing during which DB2 scans the log in a backward direction to apply UNDO log records for all aborted changes.
�backward recovery: The process of restoring integrity to databases and other recoverable resources following a failure.
�bag: See data bag.
�balanced data link: In data communication, a data link between two participating combined stations. For transmissions it originates, each station can transmit both command frames and response frames, organize its data flow, and perform error recovery operations at the data link level.
�balanced routing: A method of assigning network routes so that all routes are used equally.
�BAN: See boundary access node.
�BAN connection: The connection from an SNA peripheral node through a boundary access node (BAN) over a frame-relay link to a subarea boundary node. The two portions of the BAN connection (one between the peripheral node and the BAN, and the other between the BAN and the boundary node) use different MAC addresses to identify the boundary node.
�band: An entity that groups several columns in a tree view to be treated as a whole.
�BAN DLCI MAC address: The MAC address that identifies a subarea boundary node as the source or destination of frames carried over the portion of a BAN connection between an SNA peripheral node on a LAN and a boundary access node (BAN). The BAN DLCI MAC address appears as the source MAC address in frames sent from the BAN to the peripheral node and as the destination MAC address in frames sent from the peripheral node to the BAN. The portion of the BAN connection between the BAN and the boundary node uses the boundary node identifier (BNI) rather than the BAN DLCI MAC address.
�bandwidth: (1) The capacity of a communication line, normally expressed in bits per second (bps).; (2) The difference, expressed in hertz, between the highest and the lowest frequencies of a range of frequencies.; (3) In asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), the capacity of a virtual channel, expressed in terms of peak cell rate (PCR), sustainable cell rate (SCR), and maximum burst size (MBS).; (4) A measure of the capacity of a communication transport medium (such as a TV cable) to convey data.; (5) The range of frequencies an electronic system can transmit or receive. The greater the bandwidth of a system, the more information the system can transfer in a given period of time.
�bank identifier code (BIC): A code used to uniquely identify a bank, logical terminal, or branch within a SWIFT network.
�banner page: A page printed before the data set is printed.
�bar chart: A chart consisting of several bars of equal width. The value of the dependent variable is indicated by the height of each bar.
�bar code: A pattern of bars of various widths containing data to be interpreted by a scanning device.
�Bar Code Object Content Architecture (BCOCA): An architected collection of constructs used to interchange and present bar code data.
�bare metal machine: New, empty, or damaged computer hardware.
�bar file: See broker archive file.
�bar graph: In Performance Tools, a graph consisting of several bars of equal width. The value of the dependent variable is indicated by the height of each bar.
�BAROC: See Basic Recorder of Objects in C.
�BAS: See Business Application Services.
�base: (1) The numbering system in which an arithmetic value is represented.; (2) The core product, upon which features can be separately ordered and installed.
�base address: An address that is used as a reference point for resolving symbolic references to locations in storage.
�base address register: See base register.
�base aggregate table: In SQL replication, a type of replication target table that contains data that is aggregated from a replication source table. See also change aggregate table.
�base attributes: A set of indexes that is assigned to each object. All Content Manager objects have base attributes.
�baseband: A frequency band that uses the complete bandwidth of a transmission and requires all stations in the network to participate in every transmission.
�baseband LAN: A local area network in which data is encoded and transmitted without modulation of a carrier.
�baseboard management controller (BMC): A controller that monitors system platform management events such as fan failure and temperature or voltage increases, and logs their occurrence. The BMC is also used for hardware control, such as powering the node on and off.
�base calendar: A calendar that includes the holidays and schedule for a country or work site.
�base card: One of the set of two cards that comprise the VPACK or SPACK, both of which are needed to process voice signals. See also trunk interface card.
�base class: (1) See parent class.; (2) A class from which other classes or beans are derived. A base class may itself be derived from another base class. See also abstract class, class template definition.
�base cluster: In VSAM, a key-sequenced or entry-sequenced file for which one or more alternate indexes are built. See also alternate-index entry, base data component.
�base configuration: The part of a storage management subsystem (SMS) configuration that contains general storage management attributes, such as the default management class, default unit, and default device geometry. It also identifies the systems, system groups, or both the systems and system groups that an SMS configuration manages. See also SMS configuration.
�Base Control Program (BCP): A program that provides essential services for the MVS and z/OS operating systems. The program includes functions that manage system resources. These functions include input/output, dispatch units of work, and the z/OS UNIX System Services kernel. See also Multiple Virtual Storage, z/OS.
�base currency: The currency in which the totals for a channel group (which can be comprised of channels belonging to different currencies) are displayed.
�based addressing: A form of addressing in which a data description is associated with a storage area by a variable address held in a separate pointer area. This is implemented in COBOL by BLL cells and in VS COBOL II by the ADDRESS special register.
�base data component: In the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM), a component of the base cluster containing data from a data set. See also base cluster.
�base data set: (1) A data set or file stored on MVS, in contrast to the view of the file as seen by the workstation.; (2) The Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) entry-sequenced data set (ESDS) or key-sequenced data set (KSDS) upon which an alternate index is built.
�BASE disk: In the VM operating system, the virtual disk that contains the text decks and macroinstructions for VTAM, NetView, and VM/SNA console support (VSCS). It also contains control files and sample files used when running VTAM on the VM operating system.
�baseform: Part of the set of phonetic pronunciations associated with a grammar. In WebSphere Voice Server, the IBM dictionary of pronunciations is used.
�baseline: (1) An object that represents a stable configuration for one or more components. A baseline identifies activities and one version of every element that is visible in one or more components.; (2) A reviewed and approved release of artifacts that constitutes an agreed basis for further evolution or development and that can be changed only through a formal procedure, such as change management and configuration control. See also release.; (3) A snapshot of the approved project plan and budget, used for comparison purposes as a project progresses.; (4) A snapshot of a configuration item (CI) or a set of configuration items (CIs) frozen at a point in time for a particular purpose. A baseline will often be recorded to ensure that the infrastructure can be restored to a trusted state should a change fail or the CI need to be built again. A baseline will also be established for the roll out of new CIs and for use in a disaster recovery situation.
�baseline analysis: A type of data analysis that compares a saved view of the results of a column analysis to another view of the same results that are captured later.
�base locator for linkage (BLL): In DOS/VS and OS/VS COBOL, a mechanism used to address storage outside the working storage of an application program.
�base map: Normal BMS full-screen map that can be used as a base for simulated windows. See also canned map, overlay map.
�base model: A model that is the common ancestor, or root, of models that are being compared or merged, and which is used as a reference from which to track differences.
�base module: In a Tivoli environment, a management module that describes the basic management characteristics of a particular application or business system to the Tivoli management software. Unlike Tivoli Plus modules, base modules are developed without the use of a template.
�base name: The last element to the right of a full path name.
�base node: An object in the topology that cannot be expanded or collapsed, sometimes called a transaction node.
�base number: The part of a self-check field from which the check digit is calculated.
�Base Operating System (BOS): The collection of programs that controls the resources and the operations of the computer system.
�base package: The name and version of a software package that is installed on a system.
�base pool: A storage area that contains all unassigned main storage on the system and whose minimum size is specified in the system value QBASPOOL. The system-recognized identifier is *BASE.
�Base Primitive Environment (BPE): A common system service base on which many other IMS components are built. BPE provides a common set of system services such as storage management, tracing, and dispatching to various components such as the IMS Common Queue Server (CQS), IMS Connect, Operations Manager (OM), Resource Manager (RM), and Structured Call Interface (SCI).
�base project: In VisualAge RPG, a collection of files that make up a VRPG component.
�base QMF environment: The English language environment of QMF, established when QMF is installed. Any other language environment is established after installation.
�base register: A general purpose register that the programmer chooses to contain a base address.
�base search space: An implementation of the Product Advisor. This style of implementation uses WebSphere Commerce base database tables to facilitate searching a particular category of products. See also separate search space.
�base segment: See RACF segment.
�base set: The set of functions, including verbs, parameters, return codes, and what-received indications, that is supported by all products that implement a particular architecture. See also option set.
�base state: The state of a terminal as set by CICS before sending data to it, in the absence of any instructions either from a user application program or from its Program Control Table (PCT) entry. In this state, the terminal behaves as an ordinary (unpartitionable) display device.
�base station (BS): An earth-based transmitting and receiving station for cellular phones, paging services and other wireless transmission systems.
�base station data link controller (BDLC): The fixed component of a mobile computing system that serves as the interface between the application software, or a multisite controller, and the radio network.
�base sysplex: The set of one or more z/OS systems that is given a cross-system coupling facility (XCF) name and in which the authorized programs can then use XCF coupling services. A base sysplex does not include a coupling facility. See also Parallel Sysplex.
�base table: A table that is created by the SQL CREATE TABLE statement and that holds persistent data. See also auxiliary table, result table, table, temporary table, view, declared temporary table, clone table.
�base table space: A table space that contains base tables.
�base time: The time spent executing a particular method. Base time does not include time spent in other Java methods that this method calls.
�Bash shell: An sh-compatible shell that incorporates the postive aspects of Korn shell and C shell. It serves as the GNU operating system's command language interpreter.
�BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code): A high-level programming language with a small number of statements and a simple syntax. BASIC is designed to be easily learned and used and is widely used for interactive applications on microcomputers.
�basic analysis: A type of analysis that displays a report for the values of one or more business measures during a specific period of time.
�basic assistance level: The type of displays that provides the most assistance. Basic assistance level supports the more common user and operator tasks, and does not use computer terminology.
�basic assurance test (BAT): An automatic testing of a machine when the power is switched on.
�basic authentication (BA): An authentication method that uses a user name and a password.
�basic catalog structure (BCS): The name of the catalog structure in the integrated catalog facility (ICF) environment. An ICF catalog consists of a BCS and its related VSAM volume data sets (VVDSs). See also VSAM volume data set.
�basic character: Frequently used double-byte character that is stored in the hardware of a DBCS-capable work station. The number of double-byte characters that are stored in the work station varies with the language supported and the storage size of the work station. A DBCS-capable work station can display or print basic characters without using the extended character processing function of the operating system. See also extended character processing, extended character.
�basic checkpoint: A point in an application program where the work of the application is committed. Unlike with a symbolic checkpoint, an application cannot be restarted from a basic checkpoint.
�basic conversation: In APPC, a conversation between two programs in which the sending program must construct generalized data stream (GDS) records for the receiving program. See also mapped conversation.
�basic data exchange: A file format for exchanging data on diskettes or tape between systems or devices.
�basic direct access method: An access method used to directly retrieve or update particular blocks of a data set on a direct access device.
�basic disk pool: One or more storage units that are defined from the disk units or disk-unit subsystems that make up addressable disk storage. Disk pools (which are also known as auxiliary storage pools ) provide a means of placing certain objects on specific disk units to limit the impact of disk-media failures and to reduce recovery time. A basic disk pool contains both objects and the libraries or directories that contain the objects. Attributes such as authorization, ownership, and spooled file attributes are stored in the system disk pool (also known as the system ASP).
�basic DST capability: A dedicated service tools (DST) capability used by a service representative or an experienced system user that provides access to DST functions that do not access sensitive data.
�basic edit: A facility that performs general editing functions for terminal input and output messages. See also message editing.
�Basic Encoding Rules (BER): A set of rules used to encode Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) values as strings of octets.
�basic format: The format of a sequential data set that is neither large format nor extended format. A basic format data set has no minimum size requirement and a maximum size per volume of 65 535 tracks. See also extended format, large format.
�basic information unit (BIU): In SNA, the unit of data and control information passed between the transmission and control layers. It consists of a request or response header followed by a request or response unit.
�Basic Input/Output System (BIOS): The code that controls basic hardware operations, such as interactions with diskette drives, hard disk drives, and the keyboard.
�basic link unit (BLU): In SNA, the unit of data and control information transmitted over a communications line by data link control.
�basic mapping resource map (BMS map): A map controlling the display of input and output data by describing where fields are to be positioned on the screen and what display attributes they are to have. They are not needed for text data output. Every BMS mapping command names a map that contains formatting (mapping) instructions. Each map has two forms: physical and symbolic.
�basic mapping support (BMS): An interface between CICS and application programs that formats input and output display data and routes multiple-page output messages without regard for control characters used by various terminals.
�basic mode: A central processor mode that does not use logical partitioning. See also logically partitioned mode.
�Basic Object Adapter (BOA): Software that provides CORBA-compliant services for object implementations.
�basic partitioned access method (BPAM): An access method that can be used to create program libraries in direct access storage for convenient storage and retrieval of programs.
�basic predicate: A predicate that compares two values.
�basic program: A type of EGL program part that performs tasks without interacting with users in real time.
�basic rate interface: The means of ISDN access normally used by private subscribers, providing two B-channels of 64kbits per second and one D-channel of 16kbits per second for signaling. This is often known as 2B+D. See also primary rate access.
�Basic Recorder of Objects in C (BAROC): The internal representation of the defined event classes at the event server.
�basic row format: A row format in which values for columns are stored in the row in the order in which the columns are defined by the CREATE TABLE statement. See also reordered row format.
�Basic Security Manager (BSM): A component of VSE/ESA Version 2.4 that is invoked by the System Authorization Facility, and used to ensure signon and transaction security.
�basic sequential access method (BSAM): An access method for storing or retrieving data blocks in a continuous sequence, using either a sequential access or a direct access device.
�basic source character set: In the C++ language, a set of 96 characters that can be used in a source file. The set consists of control characters, plus 91 graphical characters. Other characters can be added to source files through the use of universal character names.
�Basic Telecommunications Access Method (BTAM): An access method that permits read and write communication with remote devices.
�Basic Telecommunications Access Method-Extended Storage (BTAM-ES): An IBM supplied telecommunications access method that permits read and write communication with remote devices.
�basic transmission unit (BTU): In SNA, the unit of data and control information passed between path control components. A BTU can consist of one or more path information units (PIUs).
�basic type: A type whose values have no identity (that is, they are pure values). Basic types include Integer, Boolean, and Text.
�BAT: See basic assurance test.
�batch: (1) Pertaining to a group of jobs to be run on a computer sequentially with the same program with little or no operator action. See also interactive.; (2) A group of records or data processing jobs brought together for processing or transmission.
�batch accumulator: In DFU, an accumulator in which subtotals for a field are stored. See also total accumulator.
�batch data interchange: A program that is used to extend the facilities of CICS terminal control to simplify further the handling of data streams in a network.
�batch device: Any device that can read serial input or write serial output, or both, but cannot be used to communicate interactively with the system. Examples of batch devices are printers, magnetic tape units, or diskette units.
�batched repository-update facility: A CICSPlex SM facility, invoked from the CICSPlex SM end user interface, for the bulk application of CICSPlex SM definitions to a CMAS data repository.
�batch file: (1) A file containing data that is to be processed unattended.; (2) A file that contains instructions that are processed sequentially, as a unit.
�batch image copy: A copy of a database or area that reflects the state of the data at a point when no updates were being made. The Database Image Copy utility (DFSUDMP0) creates batch image copies, which IMS utilities can use to recover from failures.
�batch IMS: See batch processing program.
�batch job: A predefined group of processing actions submitted to the system to be performed with little or no interaction between the user and the system. See also interactive job.
�batch message processing program (BMP program): An IMS batch processing program that has access to online databases and message queues. BMPs run online, but like programs in a batch environment, they are started with job control language (JCL). See also batch message processing program, batch processing program.
�batch mode: (1) In query management, the query mode associated with a query instance that does not allow users to interact with the query commands while a procedure is running.; (2) The condition established so that batch processing can be performed.
�batch-oriented BMP program: A BMP program that has access to online databases and message queues while performing batch-type processing. A batch-oriented BMP does not access the IMS message queues for input or output. It can access online databases, GSAM databases, and z/OS files for both input and output. See also transaction-oriented BMP.
�batch processing: A method of running a program or a series of programs in which one or more records (a batch) are processed with little or no action from the user or operator. See also interactive processing.
�batch processing program: An application program that has access to databases and z/OS data management facilities but does not have access to the IMS control region or its message queues. See also batch message processing program, message processing program.
�batch program: A program that is processed in series with other programs and therefore normally processes data without user interaction.
�batch QMF session: A QMF session running in the background, which begins when a specified QMF procedure is invoked and ends when the procedure ends. During a batch QMF session, no user interaction and panel display interaction are allowed.
�batch shell: In CICS, a shell started to handle CICS interval control timer requests. The batch shell is transparent to the user; each user's program runs under its own user shell.
�batch subsystem: A part of main storage where batch jobs are processed.
�battery power unit: A source of electrical power that can be used when the normal utility power fails.
�baud: The number of changes in signal levels, frequency, or phase per second on a communication channel. If each baud represents 1 bit of data, baud is the same as bits per second. However, it is possible for one signal change (1 baud) to equal more than 1 bit of data.
�bay: A physical space into which a device can be physically mounted and connected to power and data. For example, a power supply or a disk drive might be inserted into a bay.
�Bayesian inference: A statistical inference in which probabilities are interpreted as degrees of belief.
�BB: See begin bracket.
�BB_credit: See buffer-to-buffer credit.
�BCB: See block control byte.
�BCC: See block-check character.
�BCDS: See backup control data set.
�B-channel: See bearer channel.
�BCOCA: See Bar Code Object Content Architecture.
�BCP: See Base Control Program.
�BCS: See basic catalog structure.
�BCUG: See bilateral closed user group.
�BDF: See business description file.
�BDLC: See base station data link controller.
�beacon frame: A frame sent by an adapter indicating a serious ring problem, such as a broken cable. An adapter is beaconing if it is sending such a frame.
�beaconing: Pertaining to an adapter in a token-ring network that repeatedly sends a frame (beacon message) when it is not receiving a normal signal because of serious error, such as a line break or power failure. The message frame repeats until the error is corrected or bypassed. See also beacon message.
�beacon message: A message frame sent repeatedly by an adapter indicating a serious network problem, such as a broken cable. See also beaconing.
�bean: A definition or instance of a JavaBeans component. See also enterprise bean, JavaBeans.
�bean class: In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, a Java class that implements a javax.ejb.EntityBean class or javax.ejb.SessionBean class.
�beaninfo: A Java class that provides explicit information about the properties, events, and methods of a companion bean class.
�bean-managed messaging: A function of asynchronous messaging that gives an enterprise bean complete control over the messaging infrastructure.
�bean-managed persistence (BMP): The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's variables and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean. (Sun) See also container-managed persistence.
�bean-managed transaction (BMT): (1) The capability of the session bean, servlet, or application client component to manage its own transactions directly, instead of through a container.; (2) A transaction where the bean itself is responsible for administering transaction tasks such as committal or rollback. See also container-managed transaction.
�Bean Scripting Framework: An architecture for incorporating scripting language functions to Java applications.
�bearer channel (B-channel): In ISDN, a duplex channel for transmitting data or digital voice between the terminal and the network. The B-channel operates at 64 kilobits per second. See also delta channel.
�bearer service: The type of service that defines how an ISDN connection will be used. Typical bearer services are speech telephony, 64 kilobit per second data, and high quality speech.
�BEC: See bus extension card.
�Because It's Time Network (BITNET): A low-cost, low-speed network of hosts interconnected by nonswitched SDLC and BSC lines that was started at the City University of New York. The network is primarily composed of universities, nonprofit organizations, and research centers. BITNET has merged with the Computer Science Network (CSNET) to form the Consortium for Research and Education Network (CREN).
�BED card: See bus extension driver card.
�before-image: (1) In SQL replication, the content of a replication source-table column before it is updated by a transaction. The content is recorded in a change data (CD) table or in a database log or journal. See also after-image, before-value.; (2) The contents of a record in a physical file before the data is changed by a write, an update, or a delete operation.; (3) A record of the contents of a data element before it is changed. Before images are used to backout incomplete or incorrect changes in the event of a failure.
�before trigger: A trigger that is specified to be activated before a defined trigger event (an insert, an update, or a delete operation on the table that is specified in a trigger definition). See also trigger, trigger activation, trigger activation time, after trigger.
�before-value: In Q replication, the content of a replication source-table column before it is updated by a transaction. See also before-image.
�begin bracket (BB): In SNA, an indicator defining the start of a conversation. The value of the indicator (binary 1) in the request header of the first request in the first chain of a bracket denotes the start of a bracket. See also conditional end bracket.
�Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code: See BASIC.
�beginning attribute character: For a display file, the character that precedes the first position in a field and that defines how the data in the field is displayed.
�beginning-of-tape marker (BOT marker): A reflective material placed on a magnetic tape to indicate where the recording area starts.
�beginning running disparity: The disparity at the transmitter or receiver when the special character associated with an ordered set is encoded or decoded.
�begin-session handler: A user-provided part of a FEPI application that handles begin-session processing.
�behavior: (1) A collection of assertions that describe the allowed states that a managed object can assume. An assertion can be a precondition, a postcondition, or an invariant. In practice, the behavior is often an informal description of the semantics of attributes, operations, and notifications.; (2) The way in which managed objects, name bindings, attributes, notifications, and operations interact with the actual resources that they model and with each other.; (3) In object-oriented programming, the functionality embodied within a method.; (4) The observable effects of an operation or event, including its results.
�behavioral feature: A dynamic feature of a model element, such as an operation or method.
�behavioral model aspect: The characteristic of a model that represents the behavior of the instances in a system, including its methods, collaborations, and state histories.
�below heap: A heap controlled by a runtime option that contains library data, such as Language Environment control block and data structures that are not normally accessible from user code. Below heap always resides below 16M.
�below-specific protocol boundary (BSPB): In MPTN architecture, the interface between the common MPTN manager (CMM) and the protocol-specific MPTN manager (PMM).
�bend point: A point that is introduced in a connection between two message flow nodes at which the line that represents the connection changes direction. A bend point can be used to make node alignment and processing logic clearer and more effectively displayed.
�BER: (1) See Basic Encoding Rules.; (2) See bit error rate.
�BER card: See bus extension receiver card.
�Berkeley Internet Name Domain: The implementation of the Domain Name System (DNS).
�Berkeley Load Average: The average number of processes on the operating system's ready-to-run queue.
�Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD): Name of any of the series of UNIX specifications or implementations distributed by the University of California at Berkeley. The mnemonic "BSD" is usually followed by a number to specify the particular version of UNIX that was distributed (for example, BSD 4.3). Many vendors use BSD specifications as standards for their UNIX products.
�best-effort delivery: In connectionless service, the unreliable delivery of datagrams in a network. Information about whether the packet was delivered is not provided to the sender.
�best-effort service: In QoS, the type of service that by default is assigned to all traffic unless a network policy specifies otherwise. This traffic is not given special forwarding treatment.
�best-fit conversion: See linguistic conversion.
�BF: See boundary function.
�BFP: See binary floating point.
�BGP: See Border Gateway Protocol.
�BGU: See Business Graphics Utility.
�BIC: See bank identifier code.
�BIC Bankfile: A tape of bank identifier codes supplied by S.W.I.F.T.
�BIC Database Plus Tape: A tape of financial institutions and currency codes, supplied by S.W.I.F.T. The information is compiled from various sources and includes national, international, and cross-border identifiers.
�BIC Directory Update Tape: A tape of bank identifier codes and currency codes, supplied by S.W.I.F.T., with extended information as published in the printed BIC Directory.
�BID: See block identifier.
�bid: An attempt by the computer or by a station to gain control of a line in order to transmit data.
�bidder: An SNA LU-LU half-session that is defined as requesting and receiving permission from another LU-LU half-session to begin a bracket at the start of a session. See also first speaker.
�bidder session: See contention-loser session.
�bidi: See bidirectional.
�bidirectional (bidi): Pertaining to scripts such as Arabic and Hebrew that generally run from right to left, except for numbers, which run from left to right.
�bidirectional language: A language that uses a script, such as Arabic and Hebrew, whose general flow of text proceeds horizontally from right to left, but numbers, English, and other left-to-right language text are written from left to right.
�bidirectional replication: In Q replication, a replication configuration in which changes that are made to one copy of a table are replicated to a second copy of that table. Changes that are made to the second copy are replicated back to the first copy.
�big endian: A format for storage or transmission of binary data in which the most significant value is placed first. See also endian, little endian.
�big integer: In DB2 for i5/OS, a data type indicating that the data is a binary number with a precision of 63 bits.
�bilateral closed user group (BCUG): (1) In data communication, two users who have bilaterally agreed to communicate with each other, but not with other users. Each user can belong to more than one bilateral closed user group and to more than one closed user group by means of outgoing access.; (2) In X.25 communications, an optional facility that allows calls to be made only between two designated DTEs.
�bilingual circuit: In DECnet architecture, a circuit that accepts, translates, and routes DECnet Phase IV and DECnet Phase IV-Prime frames. The circuit must be configured with the DECnet MAC address specific to the attached LAN segment.
�bilingual command list: A command list written in a combination of REXX and the NetView command list language.
�binary: (1) Pertaining to a selection, choice, or condition that has two possible values.; (2) Pertaining to a system of numbers with a base of two. The binary digits are 0 and 1.; (3) In DB2 for i5/OS, pertaining to a data type indicating that the data is a binary number with a precision of 15 (halfword) or 31 (fullword) bits.
�binary association: An association between two classes. A special case of an n-ary association. See also n-ary association.
�binary data: A type of data consisting of numeric values stored in bit patterns of 0s and 1s.
�binary data type: A sequence of single-byte characters that have no meaning, for example, nonreadable text.
�binary digit (b, bit): The smallest unit of computer information, which has two possible states that are represented by the binary digits 0 or 1.
�binary expression: An expression containing two operands and one operator.
�binary file: A file format that does not consist of a sequence of printable characters (text). See also text file.
�binary floating point (BFP): A numeric mode that consists of a sign, a signed exponent, and a significand. Its numeric value is the signed product of its significand and two raised to the power of its exponent.
�binary floating-point number: The conceptual form of a numeric value that contains a significand and a signed exponent. The number's numeric value is the signed product of the number's significand and 2 raised to the power of the number's exponent.
�binary format: Representation of a decimal value in which each field must be 2 or 4 bytes long. The sign (+ or -) is in the far left bit of the field, and the number value is in the remaining bits of the field. Positive numbers have a 0 in the sign bit and are in true form. Negative numbers have a 1 in the sign bit and are in twos complement form.
�binary integer: A basic data type that can be further classified as small integer (SMALLINT), large integer (INTEGER), or big integer (BIGINT).
�binary item: Numeric data that is represented internally as a number in the base 2 numbering system; internally, each bit of the item is a binary number with the sign as the far left bit.
�binary large object (BLOB): (1) A data type that contains a sequence of bytes that can range in size from 0 bytes to 2 gigabytes less 1 byte. This string does not have an associated code page and character set. BLOBs can contain, for example, image, audio, or video data.; (2) A block of bytes of data (for example, the body of a message) that has no discernible meaning, but is treated as one solid entity that cannot be interpreted.
�binary launcher: See native launcher.
�binary operator: A symbol representing an operation to be performed on two data items, arrays, or expressions. See also unary operator.
�binary stream: A sequence of characters that corresponds on a one-to-one basis with the characters in the file. No character translation is performed on binary streams.
�binary string: (1) A sequence of bytes that is not associated with a CCSID. For example, the BLOB data type is a binary string. See also coded character set identifier.; (2) In REXX, a literal string expressed using a binary (base 2) representation of a value. The binary representation is a sequence of zero or more binary digits (the characters 0 or 1) enclosed in quotation marks and followed by the character b.
�binary synchronous communication (BSC): A data-communication line protocol that uses a set of transmission control characters and control character sequences to send binary-coded data over a communication line.
�binary synchronous communication adapter (BSCA): A synchronous communication adapter that supports point-to-point or multipoint operation.
�binary synchronous communication equivalence link support (BSCEL support): The intersystem communications function (ICF) support on the System i platform that provides binary synchronous communications with other computers using BSC protocols.
�binary synchronous communication remote job processing (BSCRJP): A facility that permits the input and output of jobs to and from binary synchronous communication (BSC) workstations.
�binary synchronous transmission (bisync): Data transmission in which synchronization of characters is controlled by timing signals generated at the sending and receiving stations.
�binary time stamp: In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), an opaque 128-bit (16-octet) structure that represents a Distributed Time Service (DTS) time value.
�binary tree server topology: A topology that connects servers in a pyramid fashion: the top server connects to two servers below it, each of which connects to two servers below it, and so on. Information travels down the pyramid and then back up.
�bind: (1) To create a program, which can be run, by combining one or more modules created by an Integrated Language Environment (ILE) compiler.; (2) To relate an identifier to another object in a program; for example, to relate an identifier to a value, an address or another identifier, or to associate formal parameters and actual parameters.; (3) To convert the output from the DBMS precompiler to a usable control structure, such as an access plan, an application plan, or a package.; (4) To establish a connection between software components on a network using an agreed-to protocol. In Web services, the bind operation occurs when the service requestor invokes or initiates an interaction with the service at run time using the binding details in the service description to locate, contact, and invoke the service.; (5) To logically associate a program with data or another program.; (6) To combine object code from one or more sources into an executable load module or program object.
�BIND command: In SNA, a command used to start a session between two logical units, and to define the characteristics of that session. See also UNBIND command.
�bind control part: In EGL, a build part that describes how to access a DB2 database from one or more programs. The information in this part is used at generation time and preparation time, but only when the target system is CICS for MVS.
�binder: (1) The system component that creates a bound program by packaging Integrated Language Environment (ILE) modules and resolving symbols passed between those modules.; (2) See linkage editor.; (3) The z/OS program that processes the output of language translators and compilers into an executable program (a load module or program object). The binder replaces the linkage editor and batch loader. See also prelinker.
�binder API: See binder application programming interface.
�binder application programming interface (binder API): The set of binder entry points with which a calling program can request specific binding and editing services individually.
�binder dialog: A sequence of calls to the binder to accomplish a specified task.
�binder language: A small set of commands (STRPGMEXP, EXPORT, and ENDPGMEXP) that defines the external interface (signature) for a service program. These commands cannot be run alone and are of the source type BND.
�binder processing intent: A list of services and options that are valid for the module in the binder working storage.
�bind file: A file is produced by the precompiler when the PRECOMPILE command or the respective API is used with the BINDFILE option.
�binding: (1) The process of creating a program by packaging Integrated Language Environment (ILE) modules and resolving symbols passed between those modules.; (2) A temporary association between a client and both an object and a server that exports an interface to the object. A binding is meaningful only to the program that sets it and is represented by a bound handle.; (3) The process of attaching a collaboration object to a port, which is a variable that represents a business object. These business objects are sent to or received from the collaboration object. A collaboration object can be bound to connectors, to other collaboration objects, or to external processes (called access clients). See also port.; (4) The creation of a model element or source code from a template by supplying arguments for the parameters of the template.
�binding directory: A list of names of modules and service programs that may be needed when creating an ILE program or service program. A binding directory is not a repository of the modules and service programs. Instead, it allows them to be referred to by name and type.
�binding relationship: In UML modeling, a dependency relationship that connects template arguments to template parameters to create model elements from templates. See also dependency relationship.
�BIND pacing: A technique by which the address space manager (ASM) at one node controls the rate of transmission of BIND requests of a sending ASM at another node. BIND pacing can be used to prevent BIND standoff, in which each of two nodes has reserved most of its resources for sessions it is attempting to initiate through the other and thus rejects any BINDs received from the other.
�bind race: In SNA, a situation where two or more logical units (LUs) send bind requests to each other at the same time.
�bind request: A request to establish a connection between systems or logical units.
�bind-time security: See session security.
�bin number: In DFSMSrmm, the specific shelf location where a volume resides in a storage location; bin number is equivalent to a rack number in the removable media library. See also shelf location.
�BIOD: See block input/output daemon.
�BIOS: See Basic Input/Output System.
�bi-polar with 8-zero substitution (B8ZS): A T1 line code required for 64-kilobit channels such as ISDN.
�bisync: See binary synchronous transmission.
�bit: See binary digit.
�bit clocking: In an EIA 232 interface, the field that indicates which piece of equipment, either the modem or the computer, provides the clock signal for synchronized data transactions.
�bit data: Data with character type CHAR or VARCHAR that is not associated with a coded character set and therefore is never converted.
�bit error rate (BER): The probability that a transmitted bit will be erroneously received. The BER is measured by counting the number of bits in error at the output of a receiver and dividing by the total number of bits in the transmission. BER is typically expressed as a negative power of 10.
�bit field: A member of a structure or union that contains 1 or more named bits.
�bitmap: (1) A coded representation in which each bit, or group of bits, represents or corresponds to an item; for example, a configuration of bits in main storage in which each bit indicates whether a peripheral device or a storage block is available or in which each group of bits corresponds to one pixel of a display image.; (2) A pixmap with a depth of one bit plane.; (3) A representation of an image by an array of bits.
�bit map: In temporary storage, a control block used by intrapartition transient data to show the VSAM control intervals (or BSAM tracks) that have been used and are available. It is updated whenever a control interval or track is assigned to or released from a destination.
�bitmapped message: A variable-length transaction in which each bit in an array of bits indicates the presence or absence of a data field within the transaction.
�bit mask: A pattern of bits designed to be logically compared to an existing bit value. The mask pattern allows only certain desired parts of the existing bit value to appear in the result of the comparison.
�BITNET: See Because It's Time Network.
�bits per inch (bpi): The density, measured in number of bits per inch, at which information can be stored on magnetic tape.
�bits per second (bps): In serial transmission, the instantaneous bit speed with which a device or channel transmits a character.
�bit string: A series of bits consisting of the values 0 and 1.
�bitwise operator: An operator that manipulates the value of an object at the bit level.
�BIU: See basic information unit.
�blacklist: A list of PCI devices or of computer models that are known to raise issues, accompanied by hardware settings that must be used to work around these issues.
�blade: A component that provides application-specific services and components.
�BladeCenter chassis: A BladeCenter unit that acts as an enclosure. This 7-U modular chassis can contain up to 14 blade servers. It enables the individual blade servers to share resources, such as the management, switch, power, and blower modules.
�blade server: An independent server containing one or more processors, memory, disk storage, and network controllers. A blade server runs its own operating system and applications.
�blank after: In RPG, an output specification option that changes the contents of a field so that it contains either zeros (if it is a numeric field) or blanks (if it is a character field) after that field is written to the output record.
�blank character: (1) One of the characters that belong to the blank character class as defined via the LC_CTYPE category in the current locale. In the POSIX locale, a blank character is either a tab or a space character.; (2) A graphic representation of the space character.
�blind transfer: A type of call transfer in which the call is routed to another extension and the original call is terminated. No check is made to determine if the transferred call is answered or if the number is busy. See also screened transfer.
�BLL: See base locator for linkage.
�BLOB: See binary large object.
�BLOB domain: The message domain that includes all messages that have content that cannot be interpreted and subdivided into smaller sections of information. Messages in this domain are processed by the BLOB parser. See also IDoc domain, JMS domain, MRM domain, XML domain.
�BLOB parser: A program that interprets a bit stream or message tree that represents a message that belongs to the BLOB domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream on input, or a bit stream from the tree on output.
�block: (1) A string of data elements recorded, processed, or transmitted as a unit. The elements can be characters, words, or physical records.; (2) In programming languages, a compound statement that coincides with the scope of at least one of the declarations contained within it. A block may also specify storage allocation or segment programs for other purposes.; (3) A set of rows retrieved from a database server that is transmitted as a single result set to satisfy a cursor FETCH request.; (4) A unit of data storage on a device.; (5) To suspend a program process.
�block-based I/O: A database manager method of reading contiguous data pages from disk into contiguous portions of memory. See also scattered read.
�block-check character (BCC): The BSC transmission control character that is used to determine if all of the bits that were sent were also received.
�block control byte (BCB): In a multileaving telecommunications access method, a control character used for transmission block status and sequence count.
�block copy: In SEU, to copy two or more adjoining source records from one part of a source member to another part, or from one source member to another.
�block count: The number of data blocks in a file on a magnetic tape volume.
�block decryption: Symmetric algorithms that decrypt a block of data at one time.
�block delete: In SEU, to delete two or more adjoining source records from a source member.
�block edit function: In AFP Utilities, a function that moves, copies, or removes all elements defined in a specified scope on the image area at one time.
�blocked signal: In POSIX, a condition that prevents a signal-handling action associated with a signal from being performed. See also unblocked signal.
�block encryption: Symmetric algorithms that encrypt a block of data at one time.
�block exclude: In SEU, to exclude two or more adjoining records from the Edit or Browse display.
�block fetch: A function of the DB2 database that retrieves (or fetches) a set of rows together. Using a block fetch can significantly reduce the number of messages that are sent across the network. Block fetch applies only to cursors that do not update data. See also blocking.
�block identifier (BID): An entry that is stored along with a key value in the leaf node of a block index. This identifier references a particular block in a multidimensional clustering table.
�block index: An index that is structured in the same manner as a traditional record identifier (RID) index, except that at the leaf level, keys point to a block identifier (BID) instead of an RID.
�blocking: (1) A technique that reduces database manager overhead by shipping multiple rows of data to a database client from a server in response to a single FETCH request. See also block fetch.; (2) The process of combining two or more records into one block. See also deblocking.
�blocking factor: The number of records in a block. A blocking factor is calculated by dividing the size of the block by the size of the record.
�block input/output daemon (BIOD): In the Network File System (NFS), a daemon that performs parallel read/write requests on behalf of an NFS client.
�block length: See block size.
�block-level data sharing: (1) A kind of IMS data sharing that allows multiple subsystem access to the same database, controlled by means of a lock manager. Sharing is at the physical-block level for ISAM or OSAM databases and at the control-interval level for VSAM databases.; (2) A method of sharing data among IMSs so that multiple application programs can access and update data concurrently between multiple IMSs.
�block-level sharing: A method of sharing data among IMS systems so that multiple application programs can access and update data concurrently between multiple IMS subsystems. See also database-level sharing, data sharing.
�block lock: The locking of a block within a multidimensional clustering environment.
�block map: A bitmap that contains an array of block states, one for each block in the multidimensional clustering table. Each entry in the array has eight bits, four of which are used: In use, Load, Constraint pending, and Refresh pending.
�block move: In SEU, to move two or more adjoining source records from one part of a source member to another part, or from one source member to another.
�block overlay: In SEU, to overlay two or more adjoining records with other records defined by the Copy or Move line command.
�block size: (1) The number of pages in a block. It is equal to the extent size.; (2) A measure of the size of a block, usually specified in units such as records, words, computer words, or characters. Block size is sometimes referred to as block length and physical record size.
�block special file: A file that provides a low level block access to an input or output device. See also character special file.
�block statement: In the C or C++ languages, a group of data definitions, declarations, and statements appearing between a left brace and a right brace that are processed as a unit. The block statement is considered to be a single, C-language statement.
�block utilization: The measurement of the percentage of used subblocks per allocated block.
�blog: See weblog.
�blogger: A person who creates entries in a weblog. See also weblog, blogging.
�blogging: The act of creating entries in a weblog. See also weblog, blogger.
�bloom: Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technology on which the IBM 3534 is based.
�Blox component: An Alphablox software component that is used to build Java EE-based analytic applications.
�BLU: See basic link unit.
�Blue Gene core: The IBM System Blue Gene I/O nodes, compute nodes, and interconnects.
�Blue Gene Solution: IBM's supercomputer product consisting of Blue Gene systems and the Blue Gene core.
�Blue Gene system: A Blue Gene service node, front end node, or file server.
�BMC: See baseboard management controller.
�BMP: See bean-managed persistence.
�BMP program: See batch message processing program.
�BMS: See basic mapping support.
�BMS map: See basic mapping resource map.
�BMS map definition: The use of macros (DFHMSD, DFHMDI, and DFHMDF) to define the size, shape, position, potential content, and properties of BMS map sets, maps, and fields within maps.
�BMS message routing: The routing of data to one or more terminals other than the originating terminal.
�BMS page building: The building and display of multiple, logically-connected pages of mapped or text data.
�BMS text building: The formatting of unmapped text data.
�BMT: See bean-managed transaction.
�BN: See boundary node.
�BNF: See Backus-Naur Form.
�BNI: See boundary node identifier.
�BNN: See boundary network node.
�BOA: See Basic Object Adapter.
�BOD: See Business Object Document.
�BOM: See byte order mark.
�Bonobo: A type of GNOME component architecture that is based on the CORBA architecture that is used to create compound documents. See also Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
�Booch methodology: An object-oriented methodology that helps users design systems using the object-oriented paradigm.
�bookmark: A customizable, graphical link to databases, views, documents, Web pages, and newsgroups.
�Boolean: Characteristic of an expression or variable that can only have a value of true or false.
�Boolean data: In COBOL, a category of data items that are limited to a value of 1 or 0.
�Boolean expression: An expression that evaluates to a Boolean value.
�Boolean literal: In COBOL, a literal composed of a Boolean character enclosed in double quotation marks and preceded by a B; for example, B "1" .
�Boolean operator: In REXX, an operator each of whose operands and whose result take one of two values (0 or 1).
�Boolean search: A search in which one or more search terms are combined by using operators such as AND, NOT, and OR.
�boost class: An object that contains specifications that can influence the relative rank of a document in the search results. See also boost word.
�boost word: A word that can influence the relevant rank of a document in the search results. During query processing, the importance of a document that contains a boost word might be raised or lowered, depending on the score that is predefined for the word. See also boost class.
�boot: To load an operating system or start the system.
�BOOTP: See Bootstrap Protocol.
�bootprint: The footprint of bootstrap code that is manually installed on Tivoli Kernel Services servers. Bootprint is derived from bootstrap and footprint.
�bootstrap: A small program that loads larger programs during system initialization.
�bootstrap authorization: An authorization that has been recorded but not yet processed by an relationship management application (RMA).
�bootstrap data set (BSDS): (1) A VSAM data set that contains name and status information for DB2 for z/OS and relative-byte address-range specifications for all active and archive log data sets. It also contains passwords for the DB2 for z/OS directory and catalog and lists of conditional restart and checkpoint records.; (2) A VSAM data set that contains an inventory of all active and archived log data sets known to WebSphere MQ for z/OS, and a wrap-around inventory of all recent WebSphere MQ for z/OS activity. The BSDS is required to restart the WebSphere MQ for z/OS subsystem.
�bootstrap period: The period during which relationship management (RM) data is recorded and converted into authorization records.
�bootstrapping: The process by which an initial reference of the naming service is obtained. The bootstrap setting and the host name form the initial context for Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) references.
�bootstrap process: A process for recording data when sending and receiving FIN messages and using this data to create authorization records. This helps you to prepare for the time when the BK records used by FIN protocol versions 01 and 02 are replaced by the authorizations used by FIN protocol version 03.
�Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP): A protocol that allows a client to find both its Internet Protocol (IP) address and the name of a file from a server on the network.
�border address: A public address that forms a boundary between a trusted and an untrusted network. It describes the IP address as an actual interface on the system.
�Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): An Internet Protocol (IP) routing protocol used between domains and autonomous systems. See also Exterior Gateway Protocol.
�border node: An APPN network node that interconnects APPN networks having independent topology databases in order to support LU-LU sessions between these networks.
�border router: In Internet communications, a router, positioned at the edge of an autonomous system, that communicates with a router that is positioned at the edge of a different autonomous system.
�border system: A system that exists within a trusted system but communicates between trusted and untrusted systems. A border system prevents security from being compromised.
�BOS: See Base Operating System.
�bot: A program used on the Internet that performs a repetitive function such as searching for information.
�both field: A field that can be used for either input data or output data.
�BOT marker: See beginning-of-tape marker.
�bottleneck: A place in the system where contention for a resource is affecting performance.
�bottom margin: On a page, the space between the body or the running footing, if any, and the bottom edge of the page.
�bottom-up development: In Web services, the process of developing a service from an existing artifact such as a Java bean or enterprise bean rather than a Web Services Definition Language (WSDL) file. See also top-down development.
�bottom-up mapping: In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, an approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables, in which the schema is first imported from an existing database and then enterprise beans and mappings are generated.
�boundary access node (BAN): A router (such as the IBM 6611) that provides its attached LAN-based SNA peripheral nodes direct frame-relay access to a subarea boundary node (such as an IBM 3745 or an IBM 3746 Model 900).
�boundary alignment: The position in main storage of a fixed-length field, such as halfword or doubleword, which is aligned on an integral boundary for that unit of information. For example, a word boundary alignment stores the object in a storage address evenly divisible by four.
�boundary class: (1) In performance profiling, a class that is normally excluded in the filtering criteria, but which is directly invoked by the classes that are included as filters.; (2) A class used to model communication between the system's environments and its inner workings.
�boundary function (BF): In SNA, a capability of a subarea node to provide protocol support for attached peripheral nodes, such as: interconnecting subarea path control and peripheral path control elements; performing session sequence numbering for low-function peripheral nodes; and providing session-level pacing support.
�boundary network node (BNN): In SNA, a subarea node that provides protocol support for adjacent peripheral nodes, for example, transforming network addresses to local addresses and vice versa, and providing session-level support for these peripheral nodes. In XRF, the point at which terminal sessions are switched from the failing active system to the new active system. The communication controller (or, in CICS/VSE, an XSWITCH mechanism) at the BNN must be able to operate in an XRF configuration.
�boundary node (BN): In SNA, a subarea node with boundary function.
�boundary node identifier (BNI): The MAC address that identifies a subarea boundary node as the source or destination of frames carried over the portion of a BAN connection between the boundary node and the boundary access node (BAN). All frames sent by a BAN to the boundary node have their destination MAC address set to the BNI, and all frames sent by a boundary node to a BAN have their source MAC address set to the BNI.
�boundary violation: In COBOL, an attempt to write beyond the externally defined boundaries of a sequential file.
�boundary white space: In an XQuery direct element constructor, white space characters that occur by themselves in the boundaries between tags, enclosed expressions, or both tags and enclosed expressions.
�bounded-box font: A font in bounded box format. See also unbounded-box font.
�bounded-box relative metric: A unit of measure that is expressed in 1000 units per Em-square. See also relative metrics.
�bounded character box: A character box that does not contain blank space on any sides of the character. See also unbounded character box.
�bound file: A file that is defined in the installable unit deployment descriptor (IUDD) and is fully defined in the media descriptor. See also media descriptor.
�bound program: An i5/OS object that combines one or more modules created by an Integrated Language Environment (ILE) compiler.
�bound role: A role that has a concrete element attached. A bound role can be a class, an operation, any classifier, model element, primitive type or other concrete element. Roles are in the scope and context of a collaboration.
�BPAM: See basic partitioned access method.
�BPE: See Base Primitive Environment.
�BPEL: See Business Process Execution Language.
�bpi: See bits per inch.
�BPM: See business process management.
�bps: See bits per second.
�brace: Either of the characters left brace ({) and right brace (}). When an object is enclosed in braces, the left brace immediately precedes the object and the right brace immediately follows it.
�bracket: (1) In SNA, one or more chains of request units and their responses, representing a complete transaction, exchanged between two session partners.; (2) Either of the characters left bracket ([) and right bracket (]).
�bracketed DBCS: A character string in which each character is represented by 2 bytes. The character string starts with a shift-out (SO) character and ends with a shift-in (SI) character.
�bracket protocol: In SNA, a data flow control protocol in which exchanges between two session partners are achieved through the use of brackets, with one partner designated at session activation as the first speaker and the other as the bidder. The bracket protocol involves bracket initiation and termination rules.
�branch: (1) In the CVS team development environment, a separate line of development where changes can be isolated. When a programmer changes files on a branch, those changes do not appear on the main trunk or other branches.; (2) An object that specifies a linear sequence of versions of an element. Each branch is an instance of a branch type object.; (3) In process modeling, a distinct path leading to or originating from an element in a process model.
�branch downlink: A link that a branch network node defines to a node that is located in the branch (either an end node or another branch network node that appears to be an end node). A branch network node acts as a network node over a branch downlink. Each end node in the branch receives network node services from a branch network node over one of that branch network node's downlinks. See also branch uplink.
�branch exchange: A switching system that provides telephone communication between branch stations and external networks.
�branch instruction: An instruction that changes the sequence of instructions processed in a computer program. The sequence of instructions continues at the address specified in the branch instruction.
�branch network node: An APPN network node that implements the Branch Extender architecture. A branch network node appears to be an end node to the backbone network but acts as a network node to the branch network. There may be multiple branch network nodes in a branch, and an end node may receive network node services from any of these branch network nodes.
�branch uplink: A link that a branch network node defines to a node that is located in the backbone network or to another branch network node in the same branch. A branch network node acts as an end node over a branch uplink, and a branch network node receives network node services from a network node over one of the branch network node's uplinks. See also branch downlink.

�brand: In WebSphere Commerce Payments, the Cassette object for all of the WebSphere Commerce Payments cassettes (for example, Cassette for VisaNet and Cassette for Paymentech). Each financial transaction for a WebSphere Commerce Payments cassette is associated with a particular brand (for example, MasterCard or VISA).
�breach probability: A prediction, based on monitored data, of the likelihood that an application or resource pool will exceed a defined threshold.
�breach value: The value at which a service level objective (SLO) is considered as not being met. A service level agreement (SLA) violation occurs if a breach value for one or more of its SLOs is exceeded. See also service level objective.
�breadcrumb trail: A navigation technique used in a user interface to give users a way to keep track of their location within the program or documents.
�break condition: In the TTY subsystem, a character framing error in which the data is all zeros.
�break delivery: The method of delivering messages to a message queue in which the job associated with that message queue is interrupted as soon as the message arrives.
�break field: In AFP Utilities, a field that causes a page break. When the Print Format Utility encounters a record with a value that is not equal to that of the previous record, a page break occurs.
�breakpoint: (1) A specified point in a program at which the system stops processing; processing can be resumed after manual intervention.; (2) A marked point in a process or programmatic flow that causes that flow to pause when the point is reached, usually to allow debugging or monitoring.
�breakpoint program: For a batch job, a user program that can be called when a breakpoint is specified.
�break signal: A signal sent over a remote connection to interrupt current activity on the remote system.
�break statement: A C or C++ control statement that contains the keyword break and a semicolon (;). It is used to end an iterative or a switch statement by exiting from it at any point other than the logical end. Control is passed to the first statement after the iteration or switch statement.
�bridge: (1) A functional unit that interconnects multiple LANs (locally or remotely) that use the same logical link control protocol but that can use different medium access control protocols. A bridge forwards a frame to another bridge based on the medium access control (MAC) address.; (2) In the connection of local loops, channels, or rings, the equipment and techniques used to match circuits and to facilitate accurate data transmission.
�bridged local area network: A collection of individual local area networks interconnected by medium access control (MAC) bridges.
�bridgehead server: A single server in each site that is designated to perform site-to-site replication.
�bridge identifier: An 8-byte field, used in a spanning tree protocol, composed of the MAC address of the port with the lowest port identifier and a user-defined value.
�bridge interface: A node and a server that run a core group bridge service.
�bridging: In LANs, the forwarding of a frame from one LAN segment to another. The destination is specified by the medium access control (MAC) sublayer address encoded in the destination address field of the frame header.
�British Approvals Board for Telecommunications: The British standards organization responsible for approval of equipment to be attached to the public-switched telephone network (PSTN).
�British thermal unit (Btu): The amount of heat required to raise a pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit.
�British thermal unit per hour (Btu/hr): An English unit of measure for heat produced in one hour.
�BRMS: See Backup, Recovery, and Media Services.
�broadband: A communication channel that uses a wide frequency range divided into narrower bands that can be made available to different users for the simultaneous transmission of different signals (such as voice, video, and data). A broadband is capable of higher-speed data transmission than a voice-grade channel.
�broadband LAN: A local area network in which data are encoded, multiplexed, and transmitted with modulation of carriers. A broadband LAN consists of more than one channel.
�broadcast: The simultaneous transmission of data to more than one destination. See also multicast.
�broadcast address: In communications, a station address (eight 1's) reserved as an address common to all stations on a link.
�broadcast and unknown server: A server that provides necessary frame-forwarding and broadcast-related services to its clients. Each local area network (LAN) emulation domain must contain a broadcast and unknown server.
�broadcast data set: Under TSO, a system data set containing messages and notices from the system operator, administrators, and other users.
�broadcast job: A job that runs on all clones at once. Like any other job, it is handled by the scheduler. See also scheduler.
�broadcast join: A join in which all partitions of a table are sent to all database partitions.
�broadcast meeting: (1) In Notes, a meeting about which invitees are notified; they do not need to respond to the invitation. This option is useful when individual response will not affect the occurrence of the meeting.; (2) In Sametime, a broadcast presentation or demo.
�broadcast message: A message sent to all workstations.
�broadcast search: The simultaneous propagation of a search request to all network nodes in an APPN network. This type of search may be used when the location of a resource is unknown to the requester.
�broadcast storm: A situation where one message that is broadcast across a network results in multiple responses. Each response generates more responses, causing excessive transmission of broadcast messages. Severe broadcast storms can block all other network traffic, but they can usually be prevented by carefully configuring a network to block illegal broadcast messages.
�broken data set: A data sets that does not conform to IBM data-set standards. Broken data sets are either missing or have invalid catalog entries, volume table of contents (VTOC) entries, or VSAM volume data set (VVDS) entries.
�broker: A set of execution processes that host one or more message flows. See also message flow.
�broker archive: A file that is the unit of deployment to the broker that can contain any number of compiled message flow and message set files and a single deployment descriptor. A separate broker archive file is required for each configuration that is deployed.
�broker archive file (bar file): The unit of deployment to the broker; also known as a bar file. It contains any number of compiled message flows (.cmf), message sets (.dictionary), and a single deployment descriptor. It can also contain any additional files that you might need as long as the extension does not overlap the .cmf and .dictionary extensions.
�broker domain: A collection of brokers that share a common configuration, together with the Configuration Manager that controls them.
�broker schema: A symbol space that defines the scope of uniqueness of the names of resources defined within it. The resources are message flows, ESQL files, and mapping files.
�browse: In message queuing, to use the MQGET call to copy a message without removing it from the queue.
�browse cursor: In message queuing, an indicator used when browsing a queue to identify the message that is next in sequence.
�browser: (1) A program that lets users look at data but not change it.; (2) A client program that initiates requests to a Web server using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and displays the information that the server returns.
�browser thread: In Q replication, a Q Apply program thread that gets messages from a receive queue and passes the messages to one or more agent threads to be applied to targets.
�browse token: Identifier of a particular browse of BTS objects within a CICS region. The same token returned on a STARTBROWSE command must be supplied on the corresponding GETNEXT and ENDBROWSE commands. CICS discards it after the ENDBROWSE.
�brute force collision: A programming style that relies on computing power to try all the possibilities with a known hash until the solution is found.
�BS: See base station.
�BSAM: See basic sequential access method.
�BSC: See binary synchronous communication.
�BSC 3270 device emulation: A function of the operating system that allows a server to appear to a BSC host system as a 3274 Control Unit.
�BSCA: See binary synchronous communication adapter.
�BSCEL support: See binary synchronous communication equivalence link support.
�BSCRJP: See binary synchronous communication remote job processing.
�BSD: See Berkeley Software Distribution.
�BSDS: See bootstrap data set.
�BSM: See Basic Security Manager.
�BSPB: See below-specific protocol boundary.
�BTAM: See Basic Telecommunications Access Method.
�BTAM-ES: See Basic Telecommunications Access Method-Extended Storage.
�B-tree index: An index that is arranged as a balanced hierarchy of pages and that minimizes access time by realigning data keys as items are inserted or deleted.
�BTS: (1) See burster-trimmer-stacker.; (2) See business transaction services.
�BTS activity: One part of a process managed by CICS BTS. Typically, an activity is part of a business transaction.
�BTS-set: The set of CICS regions across which related BTS processes and activities may execute.
�Btu: See British thermal unit.
�BTU: See basic transmission unit.
�Btu/hr: See British thermal unit per hour.
�bubble chart: A chart that represents information on an x-y axis by color and size.
�bucket: One or more fields that accumulate the result of an operation.
�budget table: A database table that contains revenue or expense budget data. The data in these tables is compared to revenue or expense data to produce budget vs. actual analysis.
�buffer: (1) An area of storage that compensates for the different speeds of data flow or timings of events by temporarily holding a block of data to be processed or written to an I/O device.; (2) A storage area used by MERVA programs to store a message in its internal format. A buffer has an 8-byte prefix that indicates its length.; (3) To allocate and schedule the use of temporary storage areas.
�buffer address: In 3270 data stream, the address of a location in the character buffer (screen image).
�buffered page: A page kept in printer control storage, waiting to be printed.
�buffer handler: An internal component of IMS that manages buffers. The buffer handler maintains pools of buffers. When a buffer is needed, the buffer handler selects the buffer at the bottom of the use chain.
�buffer invalidation: A technique for preventing the use of invalid data in an IMS Sysplex data sharing environment. The technique involves marking all copies of data in IMS buffers invalid once a sharing IMS subsystem has updated that data.
�buffer list: In VTAM, a contiguous set of control blocks (buffer list entries) that allow an application program to send function management data (FMD) from a number of discontiguous buffers with a single SEND macroinstruction.
�buffer list entry: A control block within a buffer list that points to a buffer containing function management data (FMD) to be sent.
�buffer lookaside: For shared VSO DEDB areas, an option that tells IMS to check the private buffer pools for requested data before retrieving data from the coupling facility.
�buffer pool: (1) An area of memory into which data pages are read and in which they are modified and held during processing. See also address space.; (2) An area of storage in which all buffers of a program are kept.; (3) A set of buffers that contains buffers of the same length.; (4) An area of main storage used for WebSphere MQ for z/OS queues, messages, and object definitions. See also page set.
�buffer-to-buffer credit (BB_credit): The number of frames that can be sent to a recipient when buffer-to-buffer flow control is in use. See also buffer-to-buffer flow control, end-to-end credit.
�buffer-to-buffer flow control: Management of the frame transmission rate in either a point-to-point topology or in an arbitrated loop. See also buffer-to-buffer credit.
�build: (1) The process during which a build program (clearmake, clearaudit, or omake) produces one or more derived objects. This may involve actual translation of source files and construction of binary files by compilers, linkers, text formatters, and so on.; (2) An operational version of a system or part of a system that demonstrates a subset of the capabilities to be provided in the final product.; (3) To create or modify resources, usually based on the state of other resources. A Java builder converts Java source files into executable class files, for example, and a Web link builder updates links to files whose name or location has changed.; (4) To convert a product from source code to a binary or executable software product.
�build acceptance test: See smoke test.
�build avoidance: The ability of a ClearCase build program to fulfill a build request by using an existing derived object instead of creating a new one by executing a build script.
�build client: A client system that uses a build server to perform a build.
�build descriptor option: In a build descriptor part, a property that helps control generation or preparation.
�build descriptor part: An EGL part that controls the generation process through option-and-value pairs that specify how to generate and prepare output.
�builder: A module in CICS that, in conjunction with other builders, makes the autoinstall process possible, allows the terminal control table (TCT) to be changed dynamically on a running CICS system, and reduces the times needed for warm and emergency restart on systems that use autoinstall.
�build file: In EGL, an XML file that contains any number of build parts, which determine how a program is generated and prepared. The file may import other build files. The file name extension is .eglbld.
�build part: In EGL, a unit of declaration that specifies a variety of processing characteristics. The kinds of build parts are build descriptor parts, linkage options parts, resource associations parts, bind control parts, and link edit parts.
�build path: The path that is used during compilation of Java source code, in order to find referenced classes that reside in other projects.
�build plan: An XML file that defines the processing necessary to build generation outputs and that specifies the machine where processing takes place.
�build regression test: See smoke test.
�build script: In Enterprise Developer, a file that is used by a build server to transform one set of files into another. A build script may be, for example, a pseudo-JCL script, a Java compiler, or a REXX script.
�build server: A server system that client systems use to perform builds. A build server receives requests from build clients to create executable files from source code sent from the build clients.
�build style: A set of actions that provide push and build operations for System i projects.
�build time data: Objects that are not used by the translator, such as EDI standards, record oriented data document types, and maps.
�build validation test: See smoke test.
�build verification test: See smoke test.
�built-in: In programming languages, pertaining to a language object that is defined in the programming language specification.
�built-in data type: A data type that IBM supplies. Among the built-in data types for DB2 for z/OS are string, numeric, XML, ROWID, and datetime. See also user-defined type.
�built-in format: Application data in a message for which the queue manager defines the meaning. See also application-defined format.
�built-in function: (1) A strongly typed, high-performance function that is integral to the DB2 database. A built-in function can be referenced in SQL statements anywhere that an expression is valid. See also function, routine.; (2) In programming languages, a function that is predefined by the compiler and whose code is incorporated directly into the compiled object rather than called at run time.; (3) A function for which the compiler automatically generates inline code at compile time instead of making a runtime call to the function. See also function.; (4) A function that is generated by DB2 and that is in the SYSIBM schema. See also cast function, external function, user-defined function, SQL function, sourced function.
�built-in function reference: In CL, a built-in function name, having an optional, and possibly empty, argument list that holds the value returned by the built-in function.
�built-in global variable: A created global variable that is defined by the database manager. See also special register, global variable.
�built-in node: A message flow node that is supplied by the product. A number of supplied nodes provide basic processing such as input and output.
�built-in shell command: A command that is implemented as part of a shell program. Certain commands are built into the shell in order to improve the performance of shell scripts or to access the shell's internal data structures and variables.
�built-in storage location: In DFSMSrmm, one of the following storage locations: LOCAL, DISTANT, and REMOTE.
�bulk decryption: See block decryption.
�bulk discovery: A type of autodiscovery in which a program is run that has access to the resources that are being discovered. The program output provides information about those resources.
�bulk encryption: See block encryption.
�bulk input: The process of adding a large number of tape cartridges to the Automated Tape Library Dataserver (ATLDS).
�bulkload: A command line utility that is used for bulk-loading large amounts of data in LDIF format.
�bulk loader: A discovery library reader, which reads data from books in the discovery library, converts the data from IDML to the CMDB schema, and stores it in the CMDB.
�bulk loading: A performance feature of VS COBOL II that supports the loading of selected library routines into the CICS region at CICS initialization time, or into the LPA at MVS initialization time or SVA at VSE initialization time.
�bulk output: The process of removing a large number of tape cartridges from the Automated Tape Library Dataserver (ATLDS).
�bulk resource: A resource that is taken in quantity from a pool of generic resources. For example, a task might require 10 landscapers or 10 liters of water.
�bulletin board: The mechanism by which the Tivoli Management Framework and Tivoli applications communicate with Tivoli administrators. The bulletin board collects notices in notice groups. Administrators can access the bulletin board from the Tivoli desktop. The bulletin board is an audit trail for important operations that the administrators perform.
�bundle: (1) A group of journal entries that are deposited together by the system.; (2) Catalog merchandise that provides single-click function for referring to multiple items. More formally, a bundle is a composite catalog entry consisting of at least one code. See also dynamic kit, package, kit, prebuilt kit.; (3) A set of tokens that are transferred between nodes in a simulation as a complete group.; (4) In the Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGi) framework, a Java archive file that contains Java code, resources, and a manifest that describes the bundle and its dependencies. The bundle is the unit of deployment for an application. See also subagent.
�burst: (1) To separate continuous-forms paper into individual sheets.; (2) In data communication, a sequence of data counted as one unit in accordance with some specific criterion or measure.
�burster-trimmer-stacker (BTS): An optional printer feature that separates continuous forms into separate sheets, trims the carrier strip from both edges of the paper, and stacks the sheets. The BTS also identifies jobs by offsetting the stacking.
�bus: (1) One or more conductors used for transmitting signals or power.; (2) A facility for transferring data between several devices located between two end points, only one device being able to transmit at a given moment.; (3) A computer configuration in which processors are interconnected in series.; (4) Interconnecting messaging engines that manage bus resources.
�bus expansion: An expansion unit that attaches to a system for the purpose of increasing the number of buses on the system and which allows for additional I/O processor cards to be attached.
�bus extension card (BEC): The bus extension driver card or the bus extension receiver card.
�bus extension driver card (BED card): The card, connected by a cable to a bus extension receiver (BER) card, that is used to route data from one card enclosure to another card enclosure. The direction of data can be from the processing unit to an input/output processor in one of the card enclosures, or from an input/output processor in one of the card enclosures to the processing unit. See also bus extension receiver card.
�bus extension receiver card (BER card): The card, connected by a cable to a bus extension driver (BED) card, that is used to route data from one card enclosure to another card enclosure. The direction of data can be from the processing unit to an input/output processor in one of the card enclosures, or from an input/output processor in one of the card enclosures to the processing unit. See also bus extension driver card.
�business analysis model: An object model describing the realization of business use cases.
�business analyst: A specialist who analyzes business needs and problems, consults with users and stakeholders to identify opportunities for improving business return through information technology, and transforms requirements into a technical form.
�business application: Any set of CICS resources that represent a meaningful entity to an enterprise or a user (such as Payroll).
�Business Application Services (BAS): The component of CICSPlex SM that provides the ability to define and manage business applications in terms of their CICS resources and associated CICS systems. BAS provides a central definition repository for CICS systems, complete with installation facilities and the ability to restrict a CICSPlex SM request to those resources defined as being part of the business application.
�business architecture: A set of related elements that represents the organizational and behavioral structure of a business.
�business component: A component that defines the structure, behavior, and information displayed by a particular subject, such as a product, contact, or account, in Siebel Business Applications.
�business continuity: The capability of a business to withstand outages and to operate mission-critical services normally and without interruption in accordance with predefined service-level agreements. See also business continuity solution.
�business continuity solution: A combination of hardware, software, and services that ensures business continuity. The business continuity solution must address data, operational environment, applications, the application hosting environment, and the user interface. See also business continuity.
�business description file (BDF): In a Tivoli environment, a generic name for any of these application description files: business system description file (BSDF), business system component description file (BCDF), business system mapping description file (BMDF), and business subsystem description file (BSSDF).
�business dimension: A category of data, such as products or time periods, that an organization might want to analyze. See also multidimensional, multidimensional analysis.
�business ecosystem: A business community supported by a foundation of interacting organizations and individuals. This community produces goods and services of value to customers, who are themselves members of the ecosystem. A business ecosystem contains business services networks, which contain business process, relevant to the transactions in that network.
�business engineering: A set of techniques that a company uses to design its business to meet specific goals.
�business entitlement: The supplemental attributes of a user credential that describes the fine-grained conditions that can be used in the authorization of requests for resources.
�business entity: In Web services programming, a data structure type that contains information about the business that has published the service. The business entity is specified when the service is registered.
�business event: A significant occurrence in a business process, generally identified by a business analyst, that warrants monitoring over time to reveal a key performance indicator (KPI).
�business function: Software that performs a business activity that can be abstracted as a service.
�business goal: A requirement that must be satisfied by the business. Business goals describe the desired value of a particular measure at some future point in time and can therefore be used to plan and manage the activities of the business. See also business objective.
�business graph: A wrapper that is added around a simple business object or a hierarchy of business objects to provide additional capabilities, such as carrying change summary and event summary information related to the business objects in the business graph. See also business object.
�Business Graphics Utility (BGU): The IBM licensed program that can be used to design, plot, display, and print business charts.
�business group: A place to collect any elements to group together. Different business groups can be created for companies, processes, parts of processes, or any other grouping.
�business improvement: The result of a business engineering process that does not affect the entire business. Examples include trimming costs and lead times in the manufacturing division and monitoring quality in the customer service division.
�business integration system: An integration broker and a set of integration adapters that allow heterogeneous business applications to exchange data through the coordinated transfer of information in the form of business objects.
�business intelligence: The consolidation and analysis of data collected in the day-to-day operation of a business, which is then used as a basis for better business decisions and competitive advantage.
�business intelligence report: A report that is generated by WebSphere Commerce Analyzer that analyzes commerce data in a separate data mart.
�business item: A business document, work product, or commodity that is used in business operations. Examples of business items are a manufacturing order, mother board, power supply, and memory chip (in a PC assembly process), itinerary and customer information record (in a trip reservation process), and passenger (in a transportation process). See also business object.
�business item instance: A particular occurrence or example of a business item. If there is a business item called Invoice, then an example of a business item instance would be "Invoice #1473.
�business item template: A category used to model a group of business items that share common properties. After these properties are defined in the template, they are inherited by all business items using the template. For example, an organization may define a number of forms to be used in human resource processes, all of which have fields for date, employee number, HR form number, and HR administrator.
�business logic: (1) The part of a distributed application that is concerned with the application logic rather than the user interface of the application. See also presentation logic.; (2) The codified procedures in a business software system that implements an organization's day-to-day operations (such as processing an order, payroll management, and so on). Business logic typically includes industry-standard procedures for business operations and customizations reflecting an organization's unique business policies. In the WebSphere business integration system, business logic can be represented (that is, codified) as a collaboration. See also collaboration.
�business logic tier: The set of components that reside between the presentation and database tiers. This logic tier hosts the enterprise bean containers, which run the business logic.
�business management: In System Manager, the discipline that encompasses inventory management, security management, financial administration, business planning, and management services for all enterprise-wide information systems.
�business measure: A description of a performance management characteristic that you want to monitor. Business measures include aggregate and instance metrics and key performance indicators (KPI).
�business method: A method of an enterprise bean that implements the business logic or rules of an application. (Sun)
�business model: A sample commerce solution that includes an organization structure, default user roles and access control policies, one or more starter stores, administration tools, and business processes that demonstrate best practices.
�business modeling: A type of modeling that encompasses all modeling techniques that can be used to visually model a business. These are a subset of the techniques that are used to perform business engineering.
�business object: (1) A set of attributes that represent a business entity (such as Employee), an action on the data (such as a create or update operation), and instructions for processing the data. Components of the business integration system use business objects to exchange information and trigger actions. See also data object, business item, Service Data Objects, business graph, private business object.; (2) A specification type of the autonomic computing architecture that defines an aggregation of data segments. This type of specification describes information commonly exchanged among applications.
�business object definition: The name, set of ordered attributes, properties, supported verbs, version number, and application-specific text that specify a type of business object. Components of the WebSphere business integration system use the business object definition to instantiate a business object, which they load with data before processing. See also metadata.
�Business Object Designer: A WebSphere Business Integration tool that is used to create, discover, edit, and delete business object definitions.
�Business Object Document (BOD): A representation of a standard business process that flows within an organization or between organizations. BODs are defined by the Open Applications Group using XML.
�business object handler: A connector component that contains methods that interact with an application and that transforms request business objects into application operations.
�business objective: A high-level business goal. Because business objectives are usually abstract, they are difficult to measure and are therefore translated into more measurable lower-level business goals. See also business goal.
�business object map: An artifact that assigns values to the target business objects based on the values in the source business objects.
�business object model: (1) See business analysis model.; (2) A model that defines the how a system organizes its processes when interacting with business objects. An example of a business object model is the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) component model.
�business object property: An element of a business object attribute that defines one quality of the attribute. The set of properties provides information such as the attribute's name, type, maximum length, or default value, whether the attribute is required or whether it is a primary or foreign key. See also property.
�business offering: In Tivoli Personalized Services Manager, an entity that consists of a set of services, realms, registration names, access codes, deals, and sales channels.
�business operations: The ways in which an organization operates, including its processes and organizational structure. For example, an organization might have a management structure and processes defined for everything from taking vacation days to submitting travel expenses.
�business partner organization: One of the types of subsidiary entities that can be added to an organization. Typically, a business partner organization is used to identify a contractor, supplier, or other groups of individuals who are not direct employees but may need access to a company's resources.
�business policy: (1) A set of rules followed by a store or group of stores defining business processes, industry practices, or the scope and characteristics of business offerings.; (2) A policy that is attached to an object in the ontology known as the business policy target. It optionally specifies a set of conditions that must be met for the business policy to apply. The policies declare a set of assertions that must be satisfied when the conditions are met.
�business policy target: An object in the ontology suitable for attaching business policies.
�business process: A defined set of business activities that represent the steps required to achieve a business objective. It includes the flow and use of information and resources.
�business process container: A process engine that contains process modules.
�business process engineering: See business engineering.
�Business Process Execution Language (BPEL): An XML-based language for the formal specification of business processes and business interaction protocols. BPEL extends the Web Services interaction model and enables it to support business transactions.
�business process management (BPM): The services and tools that support process management (for example, process analysis, definition, execution, monitoring and administration), including support for human and application-level interaction. BPM tools can eliminate manual processes and automate the routing of requests between departments and applications.
�business protocol: A set of rules and instructions (protocol) used to format and transmit information across a computer network. Examples include RosettaNet, cXML, and EDI-X12.
�business question: A question that is answered in a business report regarding specific information about the success of different campaigns, activities, and the customers who are using the store.
�business reengineering: The rethinking and redesign of business processes to achieve improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance.
�business report: A report that shows trends in allocation of resources such as systems and tiers in the data center, over specified periods of time.
�business rule: (1) A declaration of policy or condition that must be satisfied within the business. Business rules can be captured in models, in documents or in both.; (2) A representation of how business policies or practices apply to a business activity.
�business rule group component: A component that provides the interface for calling business rules, as well as a logical grouping mechanism for managing business rules.
�business schedule: A series of periods that indicate how a business divides a time line into different operational states. The level of service that is guaranteed during each schedule state can be varied.
�business service: (1) In Web services programming, a data structure type that contains information about groups of Web services.The business service structure is specified when a service is registered.; (2) A representation of a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document to define existing Web services. A collection of business service definitions can include business service objects.
�business service definition: A representation of the WSDL PortTypes in a business service. A business service definition describes a specific set of business service operations that are used to perform related business functionality.
�business service object: A representation of an XML schema file (.xsd). There are inline XML schemas and schema types within WSDL files. A business service object is a collection of business service object definitions and business service object templates.
�business service object definition: A representation of the WSDL ComplexType in an inline schema, or the XML schema type (SimpleType, ComplexType, Anonymous ComplexType, or Anonymous SimpleType) in an XML schema file. There are inline XML schemas and schema types within WSDL files. A business service object definition is similar to a business item and is used to define the business data that is required when a business service operation is invoked.
�business service operation: A representation of the WSDL Operation in a business service definition. A business service operation describes a business function and includes the business service object definitions that are required when the operation is invoked. A business service operation also describes the business service object definitions that result from completing the business service operation. For example, a Product Search business service operation requires a Product name (a business service object definition) and returns a Product business service object definition. Business service operations can be added to process diagrams as non-editable services.
�business services network: A collection of business processes, services, subscribers, and policies that enable, control, or consume a portfolio of business services. The business services network can span enterprise boundaries and geographies or be confined to a single physical network or entity.
�business situation: A condition that might require business action. Examples of business situations are a declining sales volume or an unacceptable amount of time to respond to a customer.
�business strategy: A collection of long-term business objectives that defines the principles and goals for realizing a business idea.
�business system: (1) A group of diverse but interdependent applications and other system resources that interact to accomplish specific business functions.; (2) A set of roles and resources that together fulfill a specific purpose and define the responsibilities of the individuals who perform the work. See also organization unit.
�business-to-business (B2B): Refers to Internet applications that exchange information or run transactions between businesses. See also business-to-consumer.
�business-to-consumer (B2C): Refers to the subset of Internet applications that exchange information or run transactions between businesses and consumers. See also business-to-business.
�business-to-employee (B2E): A business model that supports electronic communications between a business and its employees.
�business transaction: A self-contained business function, for example, the booking of an airline ticket. Traditionally, in CICS a business transaction might be implemented as multiple user transactions; the booking of the airline ticket might be undertaken by transactions that inquire about availability, reserve the seat, deal with payment, and print the ticket, for example. Using BTS, a business transaction might be implemented as multiple activities. See also business transaction services.
�business transaction services (BTS, CICS BTS): An application programming interface and set of services for implementing complex business transactions in CICS. See also business transaction.
�business use-case model: A model of business functions that identifies roles and deliverables in an organization.
�business use-case realization: The workflow of a business use case that is represented in a business analysis model.
�business value: The component of a policy expression that indicates the relative economic value of the decision of a policy. Business value is used to determine which policy is selected among conflicting policies. See also decision.
�business worker: A role or set of roles in the business that interacts with other business workers and manipulates business entities while participating in business use-case realizations.
�bus-level partitioning: The dedicated allocation of an entire bus and all accompanying resources (input/output processors and input/output devices) to a particular logical partition. See also IOP-level partitioning.
�bus master: A device or subsystem that controls data transfers between itself and a subordinate.
�bus member: An application server or server cluster that hosts one or more messaging engines in a service integration bus.
�bus network: A local area network in which there is only one path between any two data stations and in which data transmitted by any station is concurrently available to all other stations on the same transmission medium.
�bus topology: A physical arrangement of application servers, messaging engines and WebSphere MQ queue managers and the pattern of bus connections and links between them.
�button: (1) A mechanism on a pointing device, such as a mouse, used to request or start an action.; (2) A graphic that executes an action when clicked.
�buyer: (1) On the buy-side, a defined role in WebSphere Commerce that makes purchases from the seller's Web site on behalf of a customer account. Typically, purchases are made under one or more agreements negotiated with the Seller.; (2) On the sell-side, a defined role in WebSphere Commerce that handles negotiations and ordering, keeps track of inventory, makes purchase order decisions, tracks reasons for returns, and tracks expected inventory records and receipts.
�buyer administrator: A defined role in WebSphere Commerce that manages the information for the buying organization. The buyer administrator creates and administers the suborganizations within the buying organization and manages the various users, including approving users as buyers (buy-side).
�buyer approver: A defined role in WebSphere Commerce that approves orders made by the buyer (buy-side) before the order is submitted for purchase with the seller.
�BWO: (2) See backup-while-open.
�bypass: To allow a query to run without being managed by Query Patroller.
�bypass plug: Allows power to flow through an unused outlet in the power control compartment.
�byte (B): A string that represents a character and usually consists of eight binary digits that are treated as a unit. A byte is the smallest unit of storage that can be addressed directly.
�byte array: A segmented list of bytes which grows automatically when elements are added.
�bytecode: Machine-independent code generated by the Java compiler and executed by the Java interpreter. (Sun)
�byte-level differencing: The process of comparing the software package to be installed and the base software package. See also delta install.
�byte multiplexer channel: A multiplexer channel that interleaves bytes of data.
�byte order mark (BOM): A marker that consists of a Unicode character code that is placed at the beginning of a data stream, usually in a text file. The marker can be used to indicate the byte order and encoding of the data stream. An example of a byte order mark is the UTF-16BE (big endian) BOM 0xFEFF.
�byte-oriented stream: A byte-oriented stream refers to a stream which only single byte input/output is allowed.
�byte reversal: A technique in which numeric data is stored with the least significant byte first. The least significant byte is the lowest byte in a number, located at the far right of a string.
�byte stream: A simple sequence of bytes stored in a stream file. See also record data.

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