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IBM United States
Software Announcement 202-266 October 8, 2002
IBM HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 — World-Class, Worldwide Disaster Recovery for IBM
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AIX Business-Critical Applications
 ENUS202-266.PDF (94KB)
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(Corrected on November 26, 2002)
Software Maintenance media feature numbers added to the Charges section.
At a Glance
New HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 —
- World-Class Disaster Recovery and Data Mirroring Capabilities Spanning Unlimited Distances
- D.H. Brown "Number One Rated" Disaster Recovery Solution for UNIX®-based Mission-Critical Applications
- Automatic switch-over and resynchronization for uninterrupted access to data and applications
HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 Enhancements:
- Network Performance — TCP supported in addition to UDP
- Additional performance improvement available with choice of "Write Ordering by Volume Group" under TCP transport option
- 64-bit kernel support for the TCP transport option
- Automatic use of IBM HACMP Configuration Data to reduce cluster administration costs
For ordering, contact:
Your IBM representative, an IBM Business Partner, or the Americas Call Centers at 800-IBM-CALL (Reference: RE001).
Overview
Disaster recovery and data mirroring capabilities span continents with a new release of:
- High Availability Geographic Cluster for AIX® (HAGEO)
- Geographic Remote Mirror for AIX (GeoRM)
HAGEO and GeoRM are essential for IBM 
businesses with mission-critical
applications.
You can mirror data worldwide with unlimited network distances between your disaster recovery sites with HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4.
Automatic application switch-over to backup servers and automatic resynchronization of data upon restoration of services ensures that you can operate your critical applications uninterrupted.
HAGEO V2.4 and GeoRM V2.4 Enhancements:
- Improved network performance with the addition of the TCP transport option — a new choice for the IP subsystem. UDP continues to be supported.
- Additional performance improvement available with new choice of "Write Ordering by Volume Group" under TCP transport option.
- 64-bit kernel support for the TCP transport option.
HAGEO V2.4 Unique Enhancements:
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Automatic use of HACMP Configuration Data
HAGEO V2.4 increases focus on ease of use with tighter integration with IBM High Availability Cluster Multiprocessing (HACMP, 5765-E54). Exploiting the HACMP infrastructure, HAGEO can take advantage of the HACMP cluster site configuration definitions. HAGEO V2.4 now uses your existing HACMP configuration data to:
- Simplify the definition of the cluster topology and resource groups
- Eliminate redundant data collection and data entry errors
- Reduce configuration setup time
- Ensure HACMP/HAGEO consistency
- Reduce cluster administration costs
pSeries™ or RS/6000® clusters.
HAGEO, with HACMP, automatically responds to site and communication failures and provides for automatic site takeover. HAGEO's ability to automatically resynchronize your data after resources are brought back online ensures the most up-to-date copy of your data is available and enables quick recovery of your applications.
Description
HAGEO/GeoRM
IBM further enhances the world-class disaster recovery and remote data mirroring capabilities for applications running on IBM eServer™ pSeries:
- Cluster 1600 RS/6000 systems with the release of IBM High Availability Geographic Cluster for AIX, V2.4 (HAGEO 2.4)
- IBM Geographic Remote Mirror V2.4 (GeoRM 2.4)
HAGEO and GeoRM allow geographically dispersed sites to mirror customer data in real time using any IP-based network. Geographic separation of data greatly reduces your chances of losing access to data.
Combined with the IBM High Availability Cluster Multiprocessing Enhanced Scalability for AIX (HACMP/ES) program, HAGEO provides increased availability of mission-critical data and applications.
HACMP provides protection within a site for HAGEO by reacting to that site's component failures and by preventing unnecessary geographic takeovers.
HAGEO allows a cluster of pSeries or RS/6000 computers to be placed in two widely separated geographic locations, each maintaining an exact replica of the application and data. Data between the sites can be mirrored either synchronously or asynchronously. In a synchronous configuration, the data is written first at the remote site, then at the local site. No more input is handled until both writes are complete. With asynchronous mirroring, the data is written first to the local site, then to the remote site. Input can continue at the local site while the previously entered data is being mirrored. Each site in this geographic cluster can be a single system or multiple systems, with the entire geographic cluster containing up to eight nodes (servers, SP™ nodes, or LPARs).
HACMP provides automatic detection and fallover between sites.
GeoRM provides the same geo-mirroring functions as HAGEO but does not provide automatic fallover between sites. GeoRM allows up to eight pSeries and RS/6000 computers to be placed in widely separated geographic locations. A node in one site can provide mirroring for up to seven remote nodes, each geo-mirror being a relationship between two systems. As with HAGEO, data between the sites can be mirrored either synchronously or asynchronously. You can then perform your own data and application recovery mechanism as needed.
HAGEO and GeoRM have three functional components (each):
- Geographic Mirroring (GeoMirror) works on top of the AIX logical volume disk manager. It replicates data, regardless of the applications involved, and coordinates updates at each location, ensuring that sites are synchronized.
- Geographic Messaging (GeoMessage) provides reliable communications between sites.
- Geographic Cluster Manager (geoManager®) differs in HAGEO and GeoRM. GeoManager for HAGEO acts as a supervisor for the distributed cluster. It reacts to network and site-related events, such as a site failure or site isolation. HAGEO is designed for installation with HACMP and is the GeoManager component that integrates with that program allowing automatic detection and response to significant events in the geographic cluster without customer assistance. GeoManager for GeoRM provides tools to allow the user to manually manage the fallover and reintegration of the configuration following a site or machine failure.
HAGEO and GeoRM allow for either synchronous or asynchronous mirroring on a per-logical-volume basis. Advantages over the competition:
- Most database replicators are asynchronous and cannot offer the same level of protection against loss of data in the event of a site disaster.
- You choose which data needs to be protected synchronously and which needs to be protected asynchronously. You are not forced to protect all of your data in one way, and are allowed more flexible performance and availability configurations to suit your specific needs.
HAGEO/GeoRM 2.4 Enhancements
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Performance enhancements
The TCP transport option is added as a choice for the IP subsystem. UDP, which was the only choice available in previous releases, continues to be supported. UDP yields the best performance when there is a single LAN segment between sites. TCP provides the best performance when one or more routers or bridges are in the path between sites.
The TCP transport option includes a new additional choice in the temporal ordering of mirrored data — write order by volume groups. User-configurable write ordering choices include:
- Complete ordering by system (system-wide)
- Write ordering by volume group (only with TCP)
- None (only with TCP)
Writes across multiple GeoMirror devices can be mirrored on the remote node in the same order as the application wrote the data, as in previous releases, or not. The decision on whether to require system-wide ordering or order by volume group depends on the way data is organized and related. When ordering is not required, a performance gain may be realized.
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64-bit kernel support for the TCP protocol
Note: To exploit this support, migrate all of your nodes to HAGEO 2.4 and select TCP as your communications transport option.
HAGEO 2.4 Improvements
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Continued HACMP integration with HAGEO
Ease of use is a focus for HAGEO 2.4. One way ease of use is achieved is through the continued integration of HAGEO and HACMP. This release exploits HACMP site awareness and infrastructure, allowing HAGEO to take advantage of HACMP's cluster site configuration definitions. This simplifies the definition of the cluster topology and the definition of resource groups by eliminating redundant data collected in both HACMP and HAGEO. You now have to collect and enter cluster definition data only once. Inaccuracies once possible due to the redundant collection and entry of configuration definitions for HACMP and HAGEO are eliminated. Configuration time and cluster administration costs are reduced.
Accessibility by People with Disabilities
The following features support use by people with disabilities:
Section 508 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act
HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 will be capable, as of October 18, 2002, when used in accordance with IBM's associated documentation, of satisfying the applicable requirements of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, provided that any assistive technology used with the product properly interoperates with it.
Product Positioning
HAGEO V2.4 and GeoRM V2.4 are real-time geographic clustering and data backup solutions providing mirroring of a customer's business-critical data over any distance. HAGEO integrates with the cluster management functions of IBM HACMP/ES to allow the building of systems that automatically detect site failures and provide automatic, timely recovery in the event of a physical disaster such as an extended power outage, a fire, flood, hurricane, or earthquake. Designed to operate over unlimited distances, the HAGEO 2.4 and GeoRM 2.4 data replication environments extend to worldwide areas through remote data mirroring (geo-mirroring) over any IP-based communications paths including Internet, token ring, Ethernet, FDDI, T1, and ATM.
HAGEO was rated "Number One" in disaster recovery solutions by D.H. Brown in March of 2000, and their comment that "IBM could improve by supporting unlimited distance between servers and disks" has been supported by HAGEO since V2.2:
Click on Competitive Analysis of UNIX Cluster HA Functionality.
Specifically designed for fast recovery, HAGEO V2.4 differs from less effective disaster protection schemes by providing automated failure detection and recovery allowing recovery of application, data, and system environments in minutes rather than in hours or even days. In addition to backing up disk volumes, a combined HAGEO/HACMP cluster can be used to create a highly available computing system, including applications, data, and user access.
For customers who require only remote data mirroring, GeoRM provides a potentially less complex and lower cost mirroring environment than that provided by HAGEO. With GeoRM, data is still mirrored geographically using the same mechanisms as HAGEO, but access to geo-mirrored data following a failure requires manual intervention. Customers may then design and implement their own data and application recovery mechanisms as needed. Automatic resynchronization of the original node upon resource recovery is provided in both HAGEO and GeoRM.
Geo-Mirroring Compared To Other Technologies: Geo-mirroring compares favorably to other related disaster technologies such as:
- Remote storage of tape or CD-ROM backup
- Remote electronic vaulting
- Distributed file systems
- Optically attached storage
- Application-specific data replication
- Other network disk mirroring offerings
- Disk subsystem remote copy offerings
Off-Site Removable Media Storage: Tape or CD-ROM backup and restore is the most commonly used method of disaster recovery. Systems are typically backed up nightly or more often with the media being securely stored at an off-site location. The data is correct at the point at which the backup was taken. Recovery often necessitates physical transportation of media from one location to another.
The key advantage of HAGEO/GeoRM solutions is the ability to rapidly recover data with minimal or no data loss. These solutions can operate with both locations active and acting as backup for each other. They do not, however, eliminate the need for media backup as an archival storage media. While HAGEO/GeoRM solutions provide excellent data protection, they do not prevent human or application errors that accidentally destroy important data. Archiving data protects data by preserving it at a point in time, while HAGEO/GeoRM solutions protect your most current and active data transactions.
Remote Electronic Vaulting: Remote electronic vaulting reduces the recovery time, data loss, and errors when compared to manual media transportation methods. In most environments, it is usually impossible to save the data to a media device in real time. Rather, backups are written periodically during off-shifts or low utilization periods. While electronic vaulting configurations can be run to a "hot" site location for improved recovery time, recovery still depends on the most recent backup copy.
HAGEO/GeoRM solutions can provide faster data recovery and less data loss than remote electronic vaulting. Because data is transferred to disk rather than to tape, performance impacts are minimized. GeoRM can give you the basis for an electronic vault solution.
Distributed File Systems (DFSs): DFSs such as Network File System (NFS), DFS™, and Andrew File System (AFS®) are similar to HAGEO/GeoRM solutions in that they provide data access over IP networks, but they are quite different in the problems they solve. DFSs are usually used to provide shared access to data from multiple machines, but may contain a single source server for any given piece of file system data, which may be a potential single-point-of-failure. Recovery from a backup file system server may be quick, but may have limitations, such as the data being read-only.
HAGEO/GeoRM solutions differ from DFSs in that while HAGEO/GeoRM can be used to provide a backup of a file system, they are not limited to disk volumes that contain file systems. A large amount of business data is contained in raw partitions managed by relational databases such as Oracle and DB2 Universal Database® (UDB).
Second, when a geo-mirror is used to backup a file system such as a Journaled File System (JFS), read/write access is allowed from only a single site. DFSs can allow read/write access from multiple client sites.
Additionally, HAGEO/GeoRM solutions keep data current to within seconds or less, while DFSs only make data consistent over long periods of time. Also, DFSs typically cache significant amounts of data in clients. While this improves performance, it can also allow loss of megabytes of data in the event of a failure in the client, server, or network.
Optically Attached Storage: Optically attached storage such as Fibre Channel-attached disks, SCSI optical extenders, and SSA optical extenders provide a physical separation of storage, typically up to 10 kilometers. When used with IBM HACMP, they offer a highly reliable disaster recovery solution. In these environments, data is physically mirrored between the production and disaster recovery sites using either operating system mirroring functions (for example, AIX LVM), or hardware facilities such as SAN Fibre Channel.
The key advantage of an HAGEO/GeoRM solution is the removal of distance limitations and increased flexibility in the choice of interconnection or storage device. In many environments, it is not practical or probable that the secondary location be located within the distance limitation or that dedicated fibre links exist. The cost of purchasing dedicated fibre links may also be prohibitively expensive.
HAGEO/GeoRM solutions are designed to use commercially available IP communications such as T1 and T3 lines to offer flexibility in site selection and the ability to easily modify a business disaster recovery topology as needs or geographic locations change. HAGEO/GeoRM solutions do not require the storage devices at each location to be identical, allowing you to choose the technology that exactly meets your requirements at each site.
Application-Specific Data Replication: Some applications, notably databases (such as Oracle and Sybase), provide data replication services as add-on or built-in features of their products. Other companies provide specialized database replication products that can support multiple database products. These facilities replicate their own data or the transaction logs associated with their data. Since only database data is mirrored, systems files and other data are not replicated. They depend on high-availability products like HACMP or user-written scripts to handle hardware failures and complicated recovery scenarios.
In addition, application-specific data replication offerings vary in the functions provided, from synchronous database table mirroring to periodic batch transmission of transaction logs. Many of these offerings only support mirroring of the transaction logs. These logs must be "replayed" by a database administrator, which can extend recovery periods to greater than one day. Data loss varies (from minutes to no data loss) as does time (ranging from less than 30 minutes to greater than 12 hours). The majority of replicators are asynchronous, which increases the potential for data loss upon disaster.
Other Network Disk Mirroring Offerings: A very few companies offer network disk mirroring products claiming similar functionality to GeoRM. They allow mirroring of disk data across an IP network to a remote site and typically offer both synchronous and asynchronous mirroring options just as GeoRM does.
The main differentiation offered by HAGEO and GeoRM is the degree of integration between these products and the rest of the system. Some competitive products are very much add-on offerings rather than being built-in as HAGEO and GeoRM are. Some competitive products have their own prerequisite products, such as volume managers and filesystems that dramatically increase the costs of implementation compared to HAGEO/GeoRM. Finally, both HAGEO and GeoRM can be integrated with HACMP to provide automatic failover within and between sites. This integration does not exist for these other competitive offerings.
Disk Subsystem Remote Copy Offerings: Some disk subsystems offer remote mirroring (remote copy) functionality. These offerings include:
- Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (PPRC) on the IBM Enterprise Storage Server™ (ESS)
- Symmetrix Remote Data Facility (SRDF) on the EMC Symmetrix platforms
- Remote Copy for the Hitachi Data Systems (HDS) platforms
Each of these offerings typically:
- Are distance limited for synchronous mirroring
- Have a high entry point
- Often require "dark fibre" connections between the production and disaster recovery sites
Some offerings operate only in either synchronous or asynchronous modes and cannot offer both types of mirroring. Very often, manual intervention is required to switch between the local and remote disk subsystems and vice versa. Other requirements, such as Ethernet, may also be involved.
HAGEO and GeoRM can be positioned against such offerings. HAGEO/GeoRM solutions are not limited by distance, have no minimum entry point, and do not require dark fibre connections. They also allow for both synchronous and asynchronous mirroring on a per-logical-volume basis. You can choose which data needs to be protected synchronously and which needs to be protected asynchronously. You are not forced to protect all of your data in one way, with the corresponding impacts on performance and availability. Finally, HAGEO is a fully automatic solution offering automatic failover and reintegration in the event of a disaster.
Summary of Advantages of HAGEO/GeoRM: The significant difference between the above solutions and geo-mirroring solutions is the greater scope of data protected and application independence, since the geo-mirroring solutions are neither filesystem nor database system dependent.
HAGEO/GeoRM solutions support a broad range of storage and network interconnects, all providing greater flexibility to the business. They can be configured to mirror just the data you want protected, regardless of the application and location, providing complete remote mirroring of data.
HAGEO and GeoRM can also be successfully positioned with AIX concurrent RAID, which provides locally attachable (maximum ten kilometers) backup, while HAGEO and GeoRM provide global distances and HAGEO provides fallover of the entire cluster.
HAGEO and GeoRM allow for either synchronous or asynchronous mirroring on a per-logical-volume basis. Advantages over the competition:
- Most database replicators are asynchronous and cannot offer the same level of protection against loss of data in the event of a site disaster.
- You choose which data needs to be protected synchronously and which needs to be protected asynchronously. You are not forced to protect all of your data in one way, and are allowed more flexible performance and availability configurations to suit your specific needs.
Reference Information
Refer to Software Announcement 202-003 , dated January 8, 2002.
Trademarks
Publications
License Information (LI) and Proof of Entitlement (PoE) documents will display automatically upon installation of HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4.
One softcopy of the following new publications is supplied automatically on the basic machine-readable material for HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4:
Order
Title Number
GeoRM V2.4, SC23-4307
Concepts and
Facilities
GeoRM V2.4 SC23-4308
Planning and
Administration Guide
HAGEO V2.4, SC23-1886
Planning and
Administration Guide
HAGEO V2.4, Concepts SC23-1922
and Facilities
Hardcopy Publication
IBM International Program Z125-3301
License Agreement (IPLA)
The IBM Publications Center
The Publications Center is a worldwide central repository for IBM product publications and marketing material with a catalog of 70,000 items. Extensive search facilities are provided. Payment options for orders are via credit card or customer number. A large number of publications are available online in various file formats, and they can all be downloaded free of charge.
The IBM Publications Notification System (PNS)
The PNS enables subscribers to set up profiles of interest by order number/product number. PNS subscribers automatically receive notifications by e-mail of all new publications defined in their profiles. These may then be ordered/downloaded via the Publications Center.
Displayable Softcopy Publications: The publications for HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 are included as installation images on the installation media. After installation, the publications may be viewed or printed. HAGEO/GeoRM publications are provided in PDF format.
Technical Information
Hardware Requirements
HAGEO
HAGEO V2.4, with HACMP/ES V4.5, runs on IBM
pSeries™ and RS/6000® uniprocessors, SMP servers, and Scalable
POWERparallel® (SP™) systems in a no single-pointoffailure server
configuration. HAGEO V2.4 supports the IBM eServer™ pSeries, IBM
eServer Cluster 1600, and RS/6000 models designed for server applications
that meet the AIX® 5L and HACMP V4.5 requirements for internal memory,
internal disk, and I/O slots.
HAGEO V2.4 is supported on all pSeries models, RS/6000 models, and devices supported by HACMP V4.5 (5765-E54).
The minimum configuration and sizing of each machine is highly dependent on the user's application and performance requirements. In configuring an HAGEO system, give particular attention to the following:
- Fixed disk capacity and mirroring (logical volume manager (LVM) and database)
- Other LAN devices (routers, bridges) and their effect on the system environment
- Other network software
HAGEO requires an IP-based communications network.
HAGEO V2.4 installation requires 5 MB of disk storage space.
GeoRM
GeoRM V2.4 executes with Cluster 1600 pSeries and RS/6000 uniprocessors, SMP servers, and Scalable POWERparallel (SP) systems. It supports pSeries and RS/6000 models designed for server applications that meet the AIX 5L minimum requirements for internal memory, internal disk, and I/O slots.
GeoRM V2.4 is supported on all pSeries models, RS/6000 models, and devices supported by AIX 5L V5.1, or later. Any pSeries and RS/6000 or device supported on AIX 5L V5.1, or later, can be joined with any other supported RS/6000 or device in a GeoRM V2.4 configuration.
The minimum configuration and sizing of each machine is highly dependent on the user's application and performance requirements. In configuring a GeoRM system, particular attention must be paid to:
- Fixed-disk capacity and mirroring (LVM and database)
- Other LAN devices (routers, bridges) and their effect on the system environment
- Other network software
GeoRM requires an IP-based communications network.
GeoRM V2.4 installation requires 4 MB of disk storage space.
Software Requirements
HAGEO
HAGEO 2.4 requires AIX 5L V5.1 (5765-E61), and HACMP ES V4.5.0, or later, and APARs IY34727, IY34728, and IY34662.
Each processor within a high-availability geographic cluster requires these licensed programs to be installed.
Refer to the announcements for AIX 5L V5.1, and HACMP1 4.5 for requirements regarding those products.
GeoRM
GeoRM 2.4 requires AIX 5L V5.1 (5765-E61), or later, and APARs IY34727 and IY34662.
GeoRM 2.4 neither should be installed nor run on the same system as HAGEO.
Each server requires the licensed program to be installed.
Refer to the individual software announcements for AIX 5L V5.1, or later, for detailed requirements regarding that product.
Compatibility: HAGEO V2.4 can coexist in the same cluster as systems or nodes running HAGEO V2.3. That is, machines in an existing HAGEO V2.3 cluster running either AIX V4.3 or AIX 5L V5.1 may be migrated one node at a time to HAGEO V2.4 without taking the production service offline. Configuration data is automatically migrated to the new formats used by HAGEO V2.4. New functionality, such as temporal ordering or TCP/IP transport is not available until all nodes have been migrated to HAGEO V2.4
The same is true for GeoRM V2.4 and V2.3.
Node-by-node migration is not available for releases before V2.2.
HAGEO AND GeoRM
- Redundant communications paths (two or more) are required if you want to maintain high availability of the GeoMirror data path.
- There is no added security (such as encryption) on the communications links used for data transfers.
- GeoRM cannot be used on the same system as HAGEO and vice versa.
- Geographic mirroring is not supported for system files, such as the contents of /usr.
- The Virtual Shared Disk (VSD) software delivered with the Parallel System Support Programs (PSSP) licensed program is not supported.
- An AIX journaled file system (JFS) on a Geo Mirror device (GMD) can only be accessed from one node at any one time. It can be NFS exported from the server where it is mounted.
- AIX 5L JFS2 is not supported at this time.
- The 64-bit kernel supports the TCP transport option only.
Additional HAGEO Limitations
The following items clarify the operating specifications of the HAGEO 2.4 cluster:
- A single HAGEO 2.4 cluster supports only two sites. A single pSeries or RS/6000 system can be part of only one HAGEO 2.4 cluster.
- A single HAGEO 2.4 cluster supports up to eight nodes.
- IP address takeover is not supported across the geographic links. IP address takeover for remote clients could require a substantial amount of time. Some network configurations may preclude it entirely.
The following items clarify the HAGEO 2.4 operating specifications with regard to HACMP resource groups:
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Concurrent resource groups
- A resource group cannot define a service IP address if either the node relationship or site relationship is concurrent because it is not possible to configure the same IP address on multiple nodes at the same time.
- Since a rotating node relationship requires a service IP address to be defined, the combination of a rotating node relationship and a concurrent site relationship is not supported.
- When the site relationship is cascading and the node relationship is concurrent, the resource group cannot contain any GeoMirror devices configured for asynchronous mode. Only synchronous and mirror-write consistency modes are allowed.
- When the site relationship is concurrent, geo-mirroring occurs in both directions at the same time. In this case, the resource group cannot contain any GeoMirror devices configured for asynchronous mode.
-
Rotating resource groups
Since a rotating node relationship requires a service IP address to be defined, the combination of a rotating node relationship and a concurrent site relationship is not supported.
- Synchronous and mirror-write consistency mode are supported in all cases of HACMP resource groups, subject to the limitations of HACMP.
Additional GeoRM Limitations
- A single GeoRM installation can consist of up to eight servers. The eight servers can be distributed between two logical "sites" in any manner. There is no restriction on the physical distance between servers.
- A single pSeries or RS/6000 system can be part of only one GeoRM logical "site."
- GeoRM mirrors cannot be cascaded.
- GeoRM cannot inherently mirror HACMP data from within an HACMP cluster; for information on how to do this, refer to Appendix B of the GeoRM Planning and Administration Guide.
Performance Considerations: There are many factors that can effect HAGEO performance. Here are some considerations:
- UDP yields the best performance when there is a single LAN segment between sites. TCP provides the best performance when one or more routers or bridges are in the path between sites.
-
Latency should be understood as it is the largest factor affecting
GeoMirror performance. Latency is the amount of time it takes to write
and the different types include:
- Network latency
- Disk latency
- Application latency
-
Customer performance considerations:
- Send fewer large writes to achieve greater efficiencies than many small writes.
- Place the state map disk on a separate physical disk to prevent it from becoming a bottleneck.
- Place state maps on write-cached disks.
- Adjust physical layout of data on disk.
- Write to raw logical volumes to enhance throughput.
- Adjust the /usr/sbin/syncd interval to maintain a continuous data load.
- Avoid network resends.
-
Tune the performance of the disk configuration.
- Use SSA adapter write caches or disk subsystem caches.
- Use striping to optimize disk performance.
- Tune the TCP/IP subsystem for optimal performance.
More details on this can be found in Chapter 2, Planning an HAGEO
Cluster, sections Understanding Latency and Planning for Performance of
the
IBM HAGEO for AIX: Planning and Administration Guide.
Planning Information
- Upgrades from HAGEO/GeoRM V2.1 (5765-A25) via Software Subscription or Software Maintenance are price options only, and require a new install of the HAGEO or GeoRM software and new setup of customer configuration data. Direct node-by-node migration from HAGEO/GeoRM V2.1 to V2.4 is not supported.
- Upgrades from HAGEO/GeoRM V2.2 (5765-E64) via Software Subscription or Software Maintenance are price options only, and require a new install of the HAGEO or GeoRM software. Configuration data can be kept. Direct node-by-node migration from HAGEO/GeoRM V2.2 to V2.4 is not supported.
- Upgrades from HAGEO/GeoRM V2.3 (5765-E82) via Software Subscription or Software Maintenance are price options only. Node-by-node migration from HAGEO/GeoRM V2.3 to V2.4 is supported. AIX 5L V5.1 is required for the HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 nodes.
- HAGEO/GeoRM 2.3 (5765-E82) can be ordered only until the withdrawal of AIX V4.3.
When migrating from HAGEO V2.2 or V2.3, install the hageo.doc V2.4 fileset before other filesets, so that the migration install chapter can be consulted.
- This program is shipped on CD-ROM; media and publications are shipped under the 5692-A5L SPO.
- PoE information to support this licensed program is provided in the LI document, which will be displayed automatically when HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 is installed.
- Unlicensed documentation is included.
Security, Auditability, and Control
The announced program uses the security and auditability features of AIX 5L V5.1. Only the security procedures intrinsic to UNIX® (AIX) and TCP/IP are available to the HAGEO/GeoRM cluster.
The customer is responsible for evaluation, selection, and implementation of security features, administrative procedures, and appropriate controls in application systems and communication facilities.
Ordering Information
HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 is a server product with one charge unit: installs.
This product is available in variable order quantities:
- The product is ordered based on the number of non-SP servers running HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4.
- The product is ordered based on the number of nodes in your SP system running HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4.
- The product is ordered once per pSeries server, regardless of the number of LPAR partitions in which HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 will be run.
Upgrades through Software Maintenance may be acquired up to the current level of use authorized for the qualifying programs.
Base license ordering information for this product remains unchanged. Ordering Information originally announced for HAGEO/GeoRM V2.3 in June 2001 (refer to Software Announcement 201-174 , dated June 26, 2001) was converted to the new IBM Software Maintenance model in January 2002 (refer to Software Announcement 202-003 , dated January 8, 2002).
It is repeated here for your information and convenience.
New Licenses
To order the programs described in this announcement, specify the program, media feature number, and processor-based one-time charge (PBOTC) feature number corresponding to the group that contains the designated machine, media, and quantity (maximum of 250).
PBOTC
Program Feature Group
Description Number Number Number
GeoRM 5765-E82 0001 D5
0002 E5
0003 F5
0004 G5
0005 P5
PBOTC
Program Feature Group
Description Number Number Number
HAGEO 5765-E82 0006 D5
0007 E5
0008 F5
0009 G5
0010 P5
AIX SPO
A 5692-A5L SPO order is also mandatory for shipments of program distribution media, which includes publications. Billing for the media type selected is generated under the SPO. To prevent additional billing expenses, place only one SPO order per machine.
The appropriate SPO feature should be selected from the following table.
HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 5692-A5L SPO Feature Numbers
Program Feature
Program Name Number Number
HAGEO 5765-E82 0958
GeoRM 5765-E82 0959
HAGEO/GeoRM V2.3: HAGEO/GeoRM V2.3 will remain available via the AIX V4 SPO (5692-AIX) and AIX 5L V5 SPO (5692-A5L) until the withdrawal from marketing of AIX V4.3 (5765-C34).
The SPO feature numbers to order HAGEO/GeoRM 2.3 are:
- HAGEO V2.3: 0929
- GeoRM V2.3: 0930
Current Licensees
Current licensees of HAGEO/GeoRM V2 should refer to
Software Maintenance
or
Software Subscription for AIX
sections for information on how to receive HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4.
Software Maintenance
This software license includes Software Maintenance, previously referred to as Software Subscription and Technical Support.
Software Maintenance replaces Software Subscription for AIX (5692-SSO) for new and expired contracts. Refer to Software Announcement 202-003 , dated January 8, 2002.
Customers with Software Maintenance: Customers who purchased protection for HAGEO/GeoRM V2 (5765-E82) under Software Maintenance (5771-HGO or 5773-HGO) are entitled to receive HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 (5765-E82) at no charge. Eligible customers should add the applicable media supply feature number (from the table below) under their existing 5771-HGO or 5773-HGO record. HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 (5765-E82) is only offered on CD-ROM media.
Customers Who Want to Add Software Maintenance: To register for future upgrades of products from Software Maintenance for programs described in this announcement, specify 5771-HGO for one-year registration or 5773-HGO for three-year registration, and the applicable After License billing feature with a quantity equal to the number of licenses in the Software Maintenance contract. If an AIX Software Subscription (5692-SSO) license is already in effect for HAGEO/GeoRM V2, select the applicable renewal billing feature instead of After License billing feature. Use the tables below as reference to select the appropriate billing feature.
Note
-
The following billing features either:
- Must have been previously purchased, and must currently be on a customer's record as proof of eligibility, to receive this upgrade and future upgrades at no charge
- May be purchased to receive future releases of this product for no charge; order the program number, feature number and quantity to obtain coverage for your software licenses.
- The appropriate one-year registration feature (no additional charge feature) will transfer automatically to the customer order record.
- Customers should select the "Renewal Billing Feature" for one- or three-year contract renewal.
- Customers should select the "Maintenance After License" to re-enter one of the programs after a contract has lapsed.
Software Maintenance Program Identification (PID) and Features
One-Year 5771-HGO Feature Numbers
Feature Number
Group Media
Number Billing V2.3 V2.4
Use Authorizations
(to be ordered in quantity)
HAGEO Cluster 5819 5839
No-Charge Registration D5 0185
1-Year Renewal 0190
1-Year After License 0195
No-Charge Registration E5 0186
1-Year Renewal 0191
1-Year After License 0196
No-Charge Registration F5 0187
1-Year Renewal 0192
1-Year After License 0197
No-Charge Registration G5 0188
1-Year Renewal 0193
1-Year After License 0198
No-Charge Registration P5 0189
1-Year Renewal 0194
1-Year After License 0199
GeoRM 5809 5829
No-Charge Registration D5 0200
1-Year Renewal 0205
1-Year After License 0210
No-Charge Registration E5 0201
1-Year Renewal 0206
1-Year After License 0211
No-Charge Registration F5 0202
1-Year Renewal 0207
1-Year After License 0212
No-Charge Registration G5 0203
1-Year Renewal 0208
1-Year After License 0213
No-Charge Registration P5 0204
1-Year Renewal 0209
1-Year After License 0214
Three-Year 5773-HGO Feature Numbers
Feature Number
Group Media
Number Billing V2.3 V2.4
Use Authorizations
(to be ordered in quantity)
HAGEO Cluster 5819 5829
Registration D5 0185
Registration D5 0199
3-Year Renewal 0204
3-Year After License 0209
Registration E5 0200
3-Year Renewal 0205
3-Year After License 0210
Registration F5 0201
3-Year Renewal 0206
3-Year After License 0211
Registration G5 0202
3-Year Renewal 0207
3-Year After License 0212
Registration P5 0203
3-Year Renewal 0208
3-Year After License 0213
GeoRM 5809 5839
Registration D5 0184
3-Year Renewal 0189
3-Year After License 0194
Registration E5 0185
3-Year Renewal 0190
3-Year After License 0195
Registration F5 0186
3-Year Renewal 0191
3-Year After License 0196
Registration G5 0187
3-Year Renewal 0192
3-Year After License 0197
Registration P5 0188
3-Year Renewal 0193
3-Year After License 0198
Software Subscription for AIX (5692-SSO)
Note: New orders for Software Subscription for AIX (5692-SSO) are no longer being accepted. Software Subscription for AIX is replaced by Software Maintenance. Refer to the Software Maintenance section.
Customers who purchased protection for HAGEO/GeoRM V2.3 (5765-E82) under Software Subscription for AIX (5692-SSO) are entitled to receive HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 (5765-E82) at no charge. Existing SSO customers who already have the following billing features on record should place an MES order under 5692-SSO to delete (if applicable), and then add the corresponding supply feature based on the HAGEO/GeoRM V2 component purchased under the Software Subscription contract, per the table below. HAGEO/GeoRM V2.3 (5765-E82) is only offered on CD-ROM media.
5692-SSO Eligible Media Supply
Group Billing Feature Feature Number
Number Number ALC(1) CD-ROM
HAGEO Cluster
D5 0115, 0120, 0125 0608
E5 0116, 0121, 0126 0608
F5 0117, 0122, 0127 0608
G5 0118, 0123, 0128 0608
P5 0119, 0124, 6129 0608
GeoRM
D5 0100, 0105, 0110 0607
E5 0101, 0106, 0111 0607
F5 0102, 0107, 0112 0607
G5 0103, 0108, 0113 0607
P5 0104, 0109, 0114 0607
- 1
- Denotes billing features the customer must have previously purchased to receive this upgrade at no charge. The billing features must currently be on a customer's record as proof of eligibility.
Program Upgrade
If you have HAGEO/GeoRM V2, note that direct upgrade paths to V2.4 are not offered. Program upgrades are replaced by Software Maintenance. Customers who have HAGEO/GeoRM V2 and either Software Maintenance (5771-HGO or 5773-HGO) or Software Subscription Option (SSO) should refer to the Software Maintenance or Software Subscription sections for information on how to receive HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4.
HAGEO/GeoRM V2.3 (5765-E82) still can be obtained via 5765-E82 billing
features and 5692-AIX SPO Supply Features 0929 (HAGEO) or 0930 (GeoRM).
You may order a 5765-E82 one-year or three-year Software Maintenance
license under 5771-HGO or 5773-HGO, and then receive V2.4 via
subscription at your convenience.
Withdrawn Features
Withdrawal of Software Subscription for AIX features: Refer to Software Announcement 202-003 , dated January 8, 2002.
Withdrawal of Feature Number 9001:
Feature number 9001 is no longer required and is withdrawn
immediately.
Customization Options
Select the appropriate feature numbers to customize your order with delivery options desired. These features can be specified on the initial or MES orders.
Feature
Description Number
Initial Shipments
Single Pallet delivery 3483
Expedite Shipments
Local IBM office expedite 3445
(for IBM use only)
Expedite shipments will be processed to receive 72-hour delivery from the time IBM Software Delivery and Fulfillment (SDF) receives the order. SDF will then ship the order via overnight air transportation.
Terms and Conditions
Licensing: IBM IPLA. PoE is required for all authorized use.
This software license includes Software Maintenance, previously referred to as Software Subscription and Technical Support.
The following agreements apply for maintenance and do not require customer signatures:
- IBM Agreement for Acquisition of Support (Z125-6011)
- Addendum for Support (Software Maintenance) for Select iSeries™ and pSeries Programs (Z125-6495)
Program Services: Program service for HAGEO/GeoRM V2.4 is available until December 31, 2004.
Program service for HAGEO/GeoRM V2.3 is available until December 31, 2003.
Money-Back Guarantee: If for any reason you are dissatisfied with the program, return it within 30 days from the invoice date to the party (either IBM or its reseller) from whom you acquired it for a refund. This applies only to your first acquisition of the program.
Copy and Use on Home/Portable Computer: No
Volume Orders (IVO): Yes, contact your IBM representative.
Passport Advantage Applies: No
Software Maintenance Applies: Yes
IBM includes Software Maintenance with each program acquired during the coverage period. The coverage period means the period commencing on the date you acquire the program up to the first or third anniversary date, depending on whether you acquired coverage for one or three years. The coverage period for Software Maintenance acquired in the two months preceding an anniversary date will be extended to the next applicable anniversary date.
While your Software Maintenance is in effect: IBM provides you assistance for your routine, short duration installation and usage (how-to) questions; and code-related questions. IBM provides assistance via telephone and, if available, electronic access, only to your information systems (IS) technical support personnel during the normal business hours (published prime shift hours) of your IBM support center. This assistance is not available to your end users. IBM provides Severity 1 assistance 24 hours a day, every day of the year. For additional details, consult your IBM Software Support Guide at:
Software Maintenance does not include assistance for the design and development of applications, your use of programs in other than their specified operating environment, or failures caused by products for which IBM is not responsible under this agreement.
IBM Operational Support Services — Support Line: No
Other Support: pSeries Software Maintenance
AIX/UNIX Upgrade Protection Applies: Yes
Entitled Upgrade for Current AIX/UNIX Upgrade Protection Licensees: Yes
iSeries Software Subscription Applies: No
Educational Allowance Available: Yes, 15% education allowance applies to qualified education institution customers.
Prices
The prices provided in this announcement are suggested retail prices for the U.S. only and are provided for your information only. Dealer prices may vary, and prices may also vary by country. Prices are subject to change without notice. For additional information and current prices, contact your local IBM representative.
Base license ordering information for this product remains unchanged. Ordering Information originally announced for HAGEO/GeoRM V2.3 in June 2001 (refer to Software Announcement 201-174 , dated June 26, 2001) was converted to the new IBM Software Maintenance model in January 2002, (refer to Software Announcement 202-003 , dated January 8, 2002).
It is repeated here for your information and convenience.
PBOTC
Program Feature Group
Description Number Number Number Price
GeoRM 5765-E82 0001 D5 $ 7,875
0002 E5 7,875
0003 F5 20,250
0004 G5 20,250
0005 P5 20,250
HAGEO Cluster 5765-E82 0006 D5 11,250
0007 E5 11,250
0008 F5 26,725
0009 G5 42,190
0010 P5 42,190
Software Maintenance Program Identification (PID) and Features
One-Year 5771-HGO Feature Numbers
Billing
Group Feature
Description Number Number Price
Use Authorizations
(to be ordered in quantity)
HAGEO Cluster
No-Charge Registration D5 0185 N/C
1-Year Renewal 0190 $2,500
1-Year After License 0195 2,500
No-Charge Registration E5 0186 N/C
1-Year Renewal 0191 2,500
1-Year After License 0196 2,500
No-Charge Registration F5 0187 N/C
1-Year Renewal 0192 5,938
1-Year After License 0197 5,938
No-Charge Registration G5 0188 N/C
1-Year Renewal 0193 9,375
1-Year After License 0198 9,375
No-Charge Registration P5 0189 N/C
1-Year Renewal 0194 9,375
1-Year After License 0199 9,375
SW Maint Media 5819 N/C
HAGEO V2.3
SW Maint Media 5839 N/C
HAGEO V2.4
Billing
Group Feature
Description Number Number Price
Use Authorizations
(to be ordered in quantity)
GeoRM
No-Charge Registration D5 0200 N/C
1-Year Renewal 0205 $1,750
1-Year After License 0210 1,750
No-Charge Registration E5 0201 N/C
1-Year Renewal 0206 1,750
1-Year After License 0211 1,750
No-Charge Registration F5 0202 N/C
1-Year Renewal 0207 4,500
1-Year After License 0212 4,500
No-Charge Registration G5 0203 N/C
1-Year Renewal 0208 4,500
1-Year After License 0213 4,500
No-Charge Registration P5 0204 N/C
1-Year Renewal 0209 4,500
1-Year After License 0214 4,500
SW Maint Media 5809 N/C
GeoRM V2.3
SW Maint Media 5829 N/C
GeoRM V2.4
Three-Year 5773-HGO Feature Numbers
Billing
Group Feature
Description Number Number Price
Use Authorizations
(to be ordered in quantity)
HAGEO Cluster
Registration D5 0199 $ 5,000
3-Year Renewal 0204 7,500
3-Year After License 0209 7,500
Registration E5 0200 5,000
3-Year Renewal 0205 7,500
3-Year After License 0210 7,500
Registration F5 0201 11,875
3-Year Renewal 0206 17,813
3-Year After License 0211 17,813
Registration G5 0202 18,750
3-Year Renewal 0207 28,125
3-Year After License 0212 28,125
Registration P5 0203 18,750
3-Year Renewal 0208 28,125
3-Year After License 0213 28,125
SW Maint Media 5819 N/C
HAGEO V2.3
SW Maint Media 5829 N/C
HAGEO V2.4
GeoRM
Registration D5 0184 3,500
3-Year Renewal 0189 5,250
3-Year After License 0194 5,250
Registration E5 0185 3,500
3-Year Renewal 0190 5,250
3-Year After License 0195 5,250
Billing
Group Feature
Description Number Number Price
Registration F5 0186 9,000
3-Year Renewal 0191 13,500
3-Year After License 0196 13,500
Registration G5 0187 9,000
3-Year Renewal 0192 13,500
3-Year After License 0197 13,500
Registration P5 0188 9,000
3-Year Renewal 0193 13,500
3-Year After License 0198 13,500
SW Maint Media 5809 N/C
GeoRM V2.3
SW Maint Media 5839 N/C
GeoRM V2.4
Variable Charges:
The applicable PBOTC is based on the group of the designated machine
on which the program is licensed for use. If the program is designated
to a processor in a group for which no charge is listed above, the charge
of the next higher group listed applies. For movement to a machine in a
higher group, an upgrade charge equal to the difference in the
then-current charges between the two groups will apply. For movement to
a machine in a lower group, there will be no adjustment or refund of
charges paid.
Global Financing
IBM Global Financing offers competitive financing to credit-qualified customers and Business Partners to assist them in acquiring IT solutions. Offerings include financing for IT acquisition, including hardware, software, and services, both from IBM and other manufacturers or vendors, as well as commercial financing (revolving lines of credit, terms loans, acquisition facilities, and inventory financing credit lines) for Business Partners. Offerings (for all customer segments: small, medium, and large enterprise), rates, terms, and availability can vary by country. Contact your local IBM Global Financing organization or visit the Web at:
Order Now
Use Priority/Reference Code: RE001
Phone: 800-IBM-CALL
Fax: 800-2IBM-FAX
Internet: ibm_direct@vnet.ibm.com
Mail: IBM Atlanta Sales Center
Dept. RE001
P.O. Box 2690
Atlanta, GA 30301-2690
You can also contact your local IBM Business Partner or IBM representative. To identify them, call 800-IBM-4YOU.
Note: Shipments will begin after the planned availability date.
Trademarks